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The '''12th Signal Brigade''', later 12th Signal Group was a military communications formation of the [[British Army]] commanding regiments of the [[Royal Corps of Signals]]. Initially formed in 1967, the brigade would provide rear defence communications for the British Army of the Rhine until its disbandment in 1992. In 2004, the group was reformed but disbanded a short time later before 2012 following reductions to the Royal Corps of Signals and Territorial Army.
The '''12th Signal Brigade''', later 12th Signal Group was a military communications formation of the [[British Army]] commanding regiments of the [[Royal Corps of Signals]]. Initially formed in 1967, the brigade would provide rear defence communications for the British Army of the Rhine until its disbandment in 1992. In 2004, the group was reformed to provide territorial army and rear support to the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps in Germany. However, in 2009 the group was disbanded following reductions to the Royal Corps of Signals and Territorial Army.


== History ==
== History ==


=== First Formation ===
=== First Formation ===
Before the [[1966 Defence White Paper]] and subsequent wide-ranging reorganisation of the Army, signal formations larger than those controlled by a Lieutenant Colonel (ie: battalion (regiment in the RCS)) were rare, and usually only temporary regional formations. However, following that defence paper, eight new 'signal groups', commanded by a [[Colonel]] were formed to oversee specialist units with specific duties, including those tasked with supporting the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR).<ref>Lord & Watson, p. 136</ref><ref name=":0">Lord & Watson, pp. 131–132</ref>
Before the [[1966 Defence White Paper]] and subsequent wide-ranging reorganisation of the Army, signal formations larger than those controlled by a Lieutenant Colonel (i.e.: battalion (regiment in the RCS)) were created. Within the Royal Corps of Signals, eight new 'signal groups', commanded by a [[Colonel]], were formed to oversee specialist units with specific duties, including those tasked with supporting the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). Among these was the 12th Signal Group, which undertook rear area duties within the BAOR.<ref>Lord & Watson, p. 136</ref><ref name=":0">Lord & Watson, pp. 131–132</ref>


A year after the 1966 Defence White Paper, on 1 April 1967, the '''12th Signal Group''' was formed with its headquarters at the [[Duke of York's Headquarters]] in [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]], [[London]]. The regiments of the group were tasked with providing support to the logistic units in the rear area of supporting I (BR) Corps in West Germany. Additionally, the group providing rear area duties assistance to the corps. The role of the group was described as follows: "to establish and operate telecommunication connections in the Rear Combat Zone and the Communications Zone".<ref name=":1" />
A year after the 1966 Defence White Paper, on 1 April 1967, the '''12th Signal Group (Volunteers)''' was formed with its headquarters initially at [[Erskine Barracks]] in [[Wilton, Wiltshire|Wilton]].<ref name=":11" /> The regiments of the group were tasked with providing support to the logistic units in the rear area of supporting I (BR) Corps in West Germany. Additionally, the group providing rear area duties assistance to the corps. The role of the group was described as follows: "to establish and operate telecommunication connections in the Rear Combat Zone and the Communications Zone".<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=The Wire: The Royal Corps of Signals Magazine|url=https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire1993.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=18 December 2021|website=Royal Corps of Signals Museum|publisher=Royal Corps of Signals Association|page=92|publication-date=February 1993|edition=February 1993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722161221/https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire1993.pdf |archive-date=2021-07-22 }}</ref>


Eventually, the brigade's headquarters moved from Wilton to the [[Duke of York's Headquarters]] in [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]], [[London]], where it remained until the brigade's disbandment.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=The Wire: The Royal Corps of Signals Magazine|url=https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire1993.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=18 December 2021|website=Royal Corps of Signals Museum|publisher=Royal Corps of Signals Association|page=92|publication-date=February 1993|edition=February 1993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722161221/https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire1993.pdf |archive-date=2021-07-22 }}</ref>
⚫
Following the [[1981 Defence White Paper]], the Territorial Army was given roles of increased priority, and more emphasis was placed on supporting BAOR.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 1981|title=The United Kingdom Defence Programme: The Way Forward|url=https://c59574e9047e61130f13-3f71d0fe2b653c4f00f32175760e96e7.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/991284B4011C44C9AEB423DA04A7D54B.pdf|access-date=18 December 2021|website=United Kingdom Parliamentary Publishings}}</ref> As a result of this paper, the 12th Signal Group was redesignated as the '''12th Signal Brigade.'''<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Vieux-Bill, Louis (May 2021). "[https://www.orbat85.nl/documents/BAOR-July-1989.pdf British Army of the Rhine Order of Battle, July 1989]" (PDF). ''1985 Orders of Battle''. p. 86 Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref name=":822">British Army, ''1991 Master Order of Battle'', Ministry of Defence, London. London, United Kingdom. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref name=":2">Fritz, Alter (October 2018). "[https://www.relikte.com/_basis/docs/baor-rafg-2.pdf British Army of the Rhine & Royal Air Force Germany 1989: Organisation and stationing of the British Armed Forces in Germany in 1989]" (PDF). ''Relics in Upper Saxony & Bremen''. Retrieved 15 December 2021 .</ref>

⚫
Following the [[1981 Defence White Paper]], the Territorial Army was given roles of increased priority, and more emphasis was placed on supporting BAOR.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 1981|title=The United Kingdom Defence Programme: The Way Forward|url=https://c59574e9047e61130f13-3f71d0fe2b653c4f00f32175760e96e7.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/991284B4011C44C9AEB423DA04A7D54B.pdf|access-date=18 December 2021|website=United Kingdom Parliamentary Publishings}}</ref> As a consequence of this announcement, the Army reorganised many of its old 'Field Forces' and 'Groups' (renamed as such under the [[1975 Mason Review]]), as 'Brigades'. Thus, on 1 January 1982, 12th Signal Group (V) became '''12th Signal Brigade (Volunteers)'''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Vieux-Bill, Louis (May 2021). "[https://www.orbat85.nl/documents/BAOR-July-1989.pdf British Army of the Rhine Order of Battle, July 1989]" (PDF). ''1985 Orders of Battle''. p. 86 Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=The Wire: The Royal Corps of Signals Magazine|url=https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire1993.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=18 December 2021|website=Royal Corps of Signals Museum|publisher=Royal Corps of Signals Association|page=92|publication-date=February 1993|edition=February 1993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722161221/https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire1993.pdf |archive-date=2021-07-22 }}</ref><ref name=":822">British Army, ''1991 Master Order of Battle'', Ministry of Defence, London. London, United Kingdom. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref name=":2">Fritz, Alter (October 2018). "[https://www.relikte.com/_basis/docs/baor-rafg-2.pdf British Army of the Rhine & Royal Air Force Germany 1989: Organisation and stationing of the British Armed Forces in Germany in 1989] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124224023/https://www.relikte.com/_basis/docs/baor-rafg-2.pdf |date=2021-11-24 }}" (PDF). ''Relics in Upper Saxony & Bremen''. Retrieved 15 December 2021 .</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Wire: The Royal Signals Magazine|url=https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire1981.pdf|access-date=18 December 2021|website=Royal Corps of Signals Museum|page=352|publication-date=January 1981|edition=January 1981}}</ref><ref>Watson & Rinaldi, pp. 73–76</ref>


According to the 1988 Staff Officers' handbook, each regiment had an established strength of appx. 600 personnel. The brigade headquarters totalled around 100 personnel, and 81 Squadron had 100 personnel, leaving a total of 2,000 personnel for the brigade.<ref>Staff Officers' Handbook for 1988, p. 47</ref>
According to the 1988 Staff Officers' handbook, each regiment had an established strength of appx. 600 personnel. The brigade headquarters totalled around 100 personnel, and 81 Squadron had 100 personnel, leaving a total of 2,000 personnel for the brigade.<ref>Staff Officers' Handbook for 1988, p. 47</ref>


Following the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]] and subsequent [[End of the Cold War]], the [[Options for Change]] defence review was announced. Among the massive changes was the wholescale disbandment of many units based in the United Kingdom. Under this review, the 12th Signal Brigade was disbanded on 13 November 1992.<ref name=":0"/>
Following the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]] and subsequent [[End of the Cold War]], the [[Options for Change]] defence review was announced. Among the massive changes was the wholescale disbandment of many units based in the United Kingdom. Under this review, the 12th Signal Brigade was disbanded on 13 November 1992.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=The Wire: The Royal Corps of Signals Magazine|url=https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire1993.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=18 December 2021|website=Royal Corps of Signals Museum|publisher=Royal Corps of Signals Association|page=92|publication-date=February 1993|edition=February 1993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722161221/https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire1993.pdf |archive-date=2021-07-22 }}</ref>


=== Second Formation ===
=== Second Formation ===
Following the [[Future Army Structure (2004)|Future Army Structure]] changes announced in 2004, as a supplement to the [[2003 Defence White Paper]], the [[11th Signal Brigade and Headquarters West Midlands|11th Signal Brigade]] would expand from just three regiments in 2004 to six regiments by 2007. By 2007, the regiments which joined the brigade (33rd (Lancashire & Cheshire), 34th (Northern), and 35th (South Midlands) Signal Regiments) were grouped into the '''12th Signal Group'''. 12th Signal Group's commander was the deputy commander of 11th Signal Brigade, and was first appointed in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 August 2019|title=International Confederation of Reserve Officers Symposium 2019|url=https://cior.erok.ee/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Cior-Symposium-Tallinn.pdf|access-date=17 December 2021|website=CIOR/CIOMR SUMMER CONGRESS 2019}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> Sometime later, by August 2011 the group transferred to [[1st (United Kingdom) Signal Brigade]] with the same role.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=August 2011|title=The Posthorn: Magazine of the Postal & Courier Services Branch, Royal Engineers|url=https://pcsbranch.org.uk/wp-content/grand-media/application/26_Posthorn_Aug_2011.pdf|access-date=17 December 2021|website=Postal & Courier Services Branch of the Royal Engineers Association|page=5}}</ref>
Following the [[Future Army Structure (2004)|Future Army Structure]] changes announced in 2004, as a supplement to the [[2003 Defence White Paper]], the [[11th Signal Brigade and Headquarters West Midlands|11th Signal Brigade]] would expand from just three regiments in 2004 to six regiments by 2007. On 1 April 2004, the TA regiments equipped with the PTARMIGAN communications system of 11th Signal Brigade (33rd (Lancashire & Cheshire), 34th (Northern), and 35th (South Midlands) Signal Regiments) were grouped into the '''12th Signal Group'''.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=The Wire: The Royal Corps of Signals Magazine|url=https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire2005.pdf|access-date=18 December 2021|website=Royal Corps of Signals Museum|publisher=Royal Corps of Signals Association|pages=9–10|publication-date=February 2005}}</ref> 12th Signal Group's commander was the deputy commander of 11th Signal Brigade, and was first appointed in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 August 2019|title=International Confederation of Reserve Officers Symposium 2019|url=https://cior.erok.ee/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Cior-Symposium-Tallinn.pdf|access-date=17 December 2021|website=CIOR/CIOMR SUMMER CONGRESS 2019}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> Shortly after formation, the group transferred to [[1st (United Kingdom) Signal Brigade]] providing rear trunk communications.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=The Wire: The Royal Corps of Signals Magazine|url=https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire2005.pdf|access-date=18 December 2021|website=Royal Corps of Signals Museum|publisher=Royal Corps of Signals Association|pages=9–10|publication-date=February 2005}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=August 2011|title=The Posthorn: Magazine of the Postal & Courier Services Branch, Royal Engineers|url=https://pcsbranch.org.uk/wp-content/grand-media/application/26_Posthorn_Aug_2011.pdf|access-date=17 December 2021|website=Postal & Courier Services Branch of the Royal Engineers Association|page=5}}</ref>


The group established its headquarters at [[Beacon Barracks]] in [[Stafford]] and oversaw the TA regiments within the brigade.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MoD Stafford|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/debates/?id=2007-07-16b.133.0|access-date=2021-12-17|website=TheyWorkForYou|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MOD Stafford (Beacon Barracks) - Stafford {{!}} military|url=http://wikimapia.org/1804230/MOD-Stafford-Beacon-Barracks|access-date=2021-12-17|website=wikimapia.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 2009|title=Defence Digest: Magazine of the Defence Support Group|url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/53566452/digest|url-status=live|access-date=17 December 2021|website=Yumpu|page=5}}</ref> The group's, and its regiments roles were now to provide support for CIS (Combat Information Systems), EW (Electronic Warfare), and ARRC rear support to Land Forces (established in 2008). Because of their unique role, the group's regiments were equipped with the state-of-the-art, but expensive Ptarmigan communications system.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2007-06-10|title=11th Signal Brigade|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/11sigbde/index.htm|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610145350/http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/11sigbde/index.htm|archive-date=2007-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-06-26|title=Digital Communications|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/equipment/digital.html|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626035247/http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/equipment/digital.html|archive-date=2007-06-26}}</ref>
The group established its headquarters at [[Beacon Barracks]] in [[Stafford]] and oversaw the TA regiments within the brigade.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MoD Stafford|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/debates/?id=2007-07-16b.133.0|access-date=2021-12-17|website=TheyWorkForYou|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MOD Stafford (Beacon Barracks) - Stafford {{!}} military|url=http://wikimapia.org/1804230/MOD-Stafford-Beacon-Barracks|access-date=2021-12-17|website=wikimapia.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 2009|title=Defence Digest: Magazine of the Defence Support Group|url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/53566452/digest|url-status=live|access-date=17 December 2021|website=Yumpu|page=5|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211217171813/https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/53566452/digest |archive-date = 2021-12-17 }}</ref> The group's, and its regiments roles were now to provide support for CIS (Combat Information Systems), EW (Electronic Warfare), and ARRC rear support to Land Forces (established in 2008). Because of their unique role, the group's regiments were equipped with the state-of-the-art, but expensive Ptarmigan communications system.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2007-06-10|title=11th Signal Brigade|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/11sigbde/index.htm|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610145350/http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/11sigbde/index.htm|archive-date=2007-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-06-26|title=Digital Communications|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/equipment/digital.html|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626035247/http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/equipment/digital.html|archive-date=2007-06-26}}</ref>


The new group, however, was only short-lived as in 2009, a 'supplement' to the Future Army Structure was provided. In addition, a reorganisation of the Reserves was announced in 2009, and the Royal Corps of Signals would face the majority of the cuts. As a cost saving measure, the 12th Signal Group with its three regiments (33rd, 34th, and 35th), in addition to several other regiments: 31st, 36th, 38th, and 40th Signal Regiments would all disbanded. As a result, in late 2009, the group headquarters was disbanded and its regiments reduced to squadrons, and in turn their squadrons became signal troops. As part of the review, the 33rd, 34th, and 35th had their equipment 're-allocated [those resources to] higher defence priorities".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reserves (Review) - Tuesday 28 April 2009 - Hansard - UK Parliament|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2009-04-28/debates/09042838000003/Reserves(Review)|access-date=2021-06-29|website=hansard.parliament.uk|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">Royal Corps of Signals, ''The Wire for October 2009: The Journal of the Royal Corps of Signals''. Retrieved 15 December 2021</ref>
The new group, however, was only short-lived as in 2009, a 'supplement' to the Future Army Structure was provided. In addition, a reorganisation of the Reserves was announced in 2009, and the Royal Corps of Signals would face the majority of the cuts. As a cost saving measure, the 12th Signal Group with its three regiments (33rd, 34th, and 35th), in addition to several other regiments: 31st, 36th, 38th, and 40th Signal Regiments would all disbanded. As a result, in late 2009, the group headquarters was disbanded and its regiments reduced to squadrons, and in turn their squadrons became signal troops. As part of the review, the 33rd, 34th, and 35th had their equipment 're-allocated [those resources to] higher defence priorities".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reserves (Review) - Tuesday 28 April 2009 - Hansard - UK Parliament|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2009-04-28/debates/09042838000003/Reserves(Review)|access-date=2021-06-29|website=hansard.parliament.uk|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">Royal Corps of Signals, ''The Wire for October 2009: The Journal of the Royal Corps of Signals''. Retrieved 15 December 2021</ref>


== Organisation ==
== Organisation ==
The independent signal squadrons were removed following the brigade's initial disbandment.

=== First Formation ===
=== First Formation ===
Following the reorganisation of the Army under the 1966 Defence White Paper, each regiment in the group consisted of a regimental headquarters, headquarter(s) squadron, three signal squadrons, and an attach light aid detachment (LAD) – company sized, commanded by a [[Major (rank)|Major]] – provided by the [[Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers]] (REME).'''<ref name=":1" />'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Wire: The Royal Corps of Signals Magazine|url=https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire1983.pdf|access-date=18 December 2021|website=Royal Corps of Signals Museum|publisher=Royal Corps of Signals Association|page=371|publication-date=January 1983|edition=January 1983}}</ref>


initially, all the regiments were equipped with the C41/R222 communications system, however in 1987 these regiments were re-equipped with the new EUROMUX system.<ref name=":0" /> 56 Signal Squadron meanwhile was equipped with the VRC333/BID860 RATT communications system and would be based in the Lines of Communications (between the Channel Ports & Belgium).<ref name=":0" /> 81 Signal Squadron provided maintenance work and installation of the STARNET system at RAF airfields in Germany alongside 16th and 21st Signal Regiments.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=The Wire: The Royal Corps of Signals Magazine|url=https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire1993.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=18 December 2021|website=Royal Corps of Signals Museum|publisher=Royal Corps of Signals Association|page=92|publication-date=February 1993|edition=February 1993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722161221/https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire1993.pdf |archive-date=2021-07-22 }}</ref>
* '''12th Signal Group/Brigade<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":822" /><ref name=":52">Lord & Watson, pp. 152–186</ref><ref name=":63">Lord & Watson, pp. 207–208</ref>'''
* '''12th Signal Group/Brigade<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":822" /><ref name=":52">Lord & Watson, pp. 152–186</ref><ref name=":63">Lord & Watson, pp. 207–208</ref>'''
** Group Headquarters, at the [[Duke of York's Headquarters]], [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]], [[London]]'''<ref name=":1" />'''
** Group Headquarters, at the [[Duke of York's Headquarters]], [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]], [[London]]'''<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=The Wire: The Royal Corps of Signals Magazine|url=https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire1993.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=18 December 2021|website=Royal Corps of Signals Museum|publisher=Royal Corps of Signals Association|page=92|publication-date=February 1993|edition=February 1993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722161221/https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/wp-content/wire/Wire1993.pdf |archive-date=2021-07-22 }}</ref>'''
** [[34th (Northern) Signal Regiment]], Royal Corps of Signals (V), RHQ in [[Middlesbrough]] – <small>on mobilisation to provide communications between the [[Channel Ports]] and the rear boundary of 1st British Corps</small><ref name=":9">Lord & Watson, p. 141</ref>
** [[34th (Northern) Signal Regiment]], Royal Corps of Signals (V), RHQ in [[Middlesbrough]] – <small>on mobilisation to provide communications between the [[Channel Ports]] and the rear boundary of 1st British Corps</small><ref name=":9">Lord & Watson, p. 141</ref>
** [[36th (Eastern) Signal Regiment]], Royal Corps of Signals (V), RHQ in [[Wanstead]] – <small>providing communications support to 1st British Corps</small><ref name=":10">Lord & Watson, p. 142</ref>
** [[36th (Eastern) Signal Regiment]], Royal Corps of Signals (V), RHQ in [[Wanstead]] – <small>providing communications support to 1st British Corps</small><ref name=":10">Lord & Watson, p. 142</ref>
** [[40th (Ulster) Signal Regiment]], Royal Corps of Signals (V), RHQ in [[Belfast]] – <small>providing communication support to 1st British Corps</small><ref>Lord & Watson, p. 145</ref>
** [[40th (Ulster) Signal Regiment]], Royal Corps of Signals (V), RHQ in [[Belfast]] – <small>providing communication support to 1st British Corps</small><ref>Lord & Watson, p. 145</ref>
** 81 Signal Squadron, Royal Corps of Signals (V), in Middlesbrough – <small>initially known as 81 (Northern Ireland) Signal Squadron until 1972, then transferred to Middlesbrough from Belfast under 40th Signal Regiment and made independent. providing air formation signal communications support in the 1st British Corps.</small><ref>Lord & Watson, pp. 182–183</ref>
** 56 Signal Squadron, Royal Corps of Signals (V), in [[Eastbourne]] – <small>providing communications between the Channel Ports and the Belgium.</small><ref>Lord & Watson, p. 168–170</ref>
**81 Signal Squadron, Royal Corps of Signals (V), in Middlesbrough – <small>initially known as 81 (Northern Ireland) Signal Squadron until 1972, then transferred to Middlesbrough from Belfast under 40th Signal Regiment and made independent. providing air formation signal communications support at RAF Airfields in Germany.</small><ref name=":0" /><ref>Lord & Watson, pp. 182–183</ref>


=== Second Formation ===
=== Second Formation ===
Following the 2003 Defence White Paper, the 33rd, 34th, and 35th Signal Regiments were all equipped with the PTARMIGAN communications system, which their regular counterparts had been equipped with in Germany.<ref name=":6" />

* '''12th Signal Group<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=August 2011|title=The Posthorn: Magazine of the Postal & Courier Services Branch, Royal Engineers|url=https://pcsbranch.org.uk/wp-content/grand-media/application/26_Posthorn_Aug_2011.pdf|access-date=17 December 2021|website=Postal & Courier Services Branch of the Royal Engineers Association|page=5}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-06|title=United Kingdom|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/uk.htm|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006202559/http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/uk.htm|archive-date=2007-10-06}}</ref>
* '''12th Signal Group<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=August 2011|title=The Posthorn: Magazine of the Postal & Courier Services Branch, Royal Engineers|url=https://pcsbranch.org.uk/wp-content/grand-media/application/26_Posthorn_Aug_2011.pdf|access-date=17 December 2021|website=Postal & Courier Services Branch of the Royal Engineers Association|page=5}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-06|title=United Kingdom|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/uk.htm|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006202559/http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/uk.htm|archive-date=2007-10-06}}</ref>
** Group Headquarters, at Beacon Barracks, Stafford
** Group Headquarters, at Beacon Barracks, Stafford
** [[33rd (Lancashire and Cheshire) Signal Regiment]], Royal Corps of Signals (V), RHQ in [[Huyton]], [[Liverpool]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-01-01|title=33 Signal Regiment (Volunteers)|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/33sigregt/index.htm|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101233827/http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/33sigregt/index.htm|archive-date=2008-01-01}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|date=2007-10-09|title=55 (Merseyside) HQ Signal Squadron|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/55sigsqn/index.htm|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009140236/http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/55sigsqn/index.htm|archive-date=2007-10-09}}</ref> – <small>providing communications support for the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps</small><ref>Lord & Watson, p. 140</ref>
** [[33rd (Lancashire and Cheshire) Signal Regiment]], Royal Corps of Signals (V), RHQ in [[Huyton]], [[Liverpool]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=2008-01-01|title=33 Signal Regiment (Volunteers)|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/33sigregt/index.htm|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101233827/http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/33sigregt/index.htm|archive-date=2008-01-01}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|date=2007-10-09|title=55 (Merseyside) HQ Signal Squadron|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/55sigsqn/index.htm|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009140236/http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/55sigsqn/index.htm|archive-date=2007-10-09}}</ref> – <small>providing communications support for the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps</small><ref>Lord & Watson, p. 140</ref>
** 34th (Northern) Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals (V), RHQ in Middlesbrough<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-10-13|title=Squadron Locations|url=http://www2.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/34sigregt/contact_us/index.htm|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013174716/http://www2.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/34sigregt/contact_us/index.htm|archive-date=2008-10-13}}</ref> – <small>provides theatre-level communications support for the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps<ref name=":9">Lord & Watson, p. 141</ref></small>
** 34th (Northern) Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals (V), RHQ in Middlesbrough<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-10-13|title=Squadron Locations|url=http://www2.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/34sigregt/contact_us/index.htm|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013174716/http://www2.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/34sigregt/contact_us/index.htm|archive-date=2008-10-13}}</ref> – <small>provides theatre-level communications support for the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps<ref name=":9">Lord & Watson, p. 141</ref></small>
** [[35th (South Midlands) Signal Regiment|35th (South Midland) Signal Regiment]], Royal Corps of Signals (V), RHQ in [[Coventry]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-22|title=35 Signal Regiment - How to find us|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/35sigregt/regimental_organisation/index.htm|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022004621/http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/35sigregt/regimental_organisation/index.htm|archive-date=2007-10-22}}</ref> – <small>provides rear area communications in Europe, supporting Allied Rapid Reaction Corps</small><ref name=":10">Lord & Watson, p. 142</ref>
** [[35th (South Midlands) Signal Regiment|35th (South Midland) Signal Regiment]], Royal Corps of Signals (V), RHQ in [[Coventry]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-22|title=35 Signal Regiment - How to find us|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/35sigregt/regimental_organisation/index.htm|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022004621/http://www.army.mod.uk/royalsignals/35sigregt/regimental_organisation/index.htm|archive-date=2007-10-22}}</ref> – <small>provides rear area communications in Europe, supporting Allied Rapid Reaction Corps</small><ref name=":10">Lord & Watson, p. 142</ref>
Line 64: Line 67:
Commanders of the brigade/group have included:<ref name=":62">{{Cite web|last=Mackie|first=Colin|date=26 June 2020|title=Directorates of the British Armed Forces (1860–Present), Volume III: Senior Army Appointments 1860–Present|url=http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201860-.pdf|access-date=26 June 2021|website=Gulabin}}</ref>
Commanders of the brigade/group have included:<ref name=":62">{{Cite web|last=Mackie|first=Colin|date=26 June 2020|title=Directorates of the British Armed Forces (1860–Present), Volume III: Senior Army Appointments 1860–Present|url=http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201860-.pdf|access-date=26 June 2021|website=Gulabin}}</ref>


* April 1967 – December 1968: Brigadier Peter D. Vaigncourt-Strallen<ref name=":3">Royal Corps of Signals Association, ''The Wire The Royal Signals Magazine for 1968''. Corps Headquarters, Royal Corps of Signals. Catterick, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref>
* April 1967 – December 1968: Brigadier Peter D. Vaigncourt-Strallen
* December 1968 – June 1971: Brigadier Arthur J. Jackson<ref>Royal Corps of Signals Association, ''The Wire The Royal Signals Magazine for 1969''. Corps Headquarters, Royal Corps of Signals. Catterick, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref>
* December 1968 – June 1971: Brigadier Arthur J. Jackson
* June 1971 – August 1972: Brigadier Henry Arthur John Sturge
* June 1971 – August 1972: Brigadier Henry Arthur John Sturge
* August 1972 – October 1974: Brigadier Oliver J. Peck
* August 1972 – October 1974: Brigadier Oliver J. Peck
Line 81: Line 84:


* {{cite book|last1=Lord|first1=Cliff|title=The Royal Corps of Signals : unit histories of the Corps (1920-2001) and its antecedents|last2=Watson|first2=Graham|publisher=Helion & Company|year=2004|isbn=978-1-874622-92-5|publication-place=Solihull, West Midlands, England|oclc=184820114}}
* {{cite book|last1=Lord|first1=Cliff|title=The Royal Corps of Signals : unit histories of the Corps (1920-2001) and its antecedents|last2=Watson|first2=Graham|publisher=Helion & Company|year=2004|isbn=978-1-874622-92-5|publication-place=Solihull, West Midlands, England|oclc=184820114}}
* {{Cite book|last=Watson|first=Graham E.|url=https://www.amazon.com/British-Army-Germany-Organizational-1947-2004/dp/0972029699|title=The British Army in Germany (British Army of the Rhine and After): an Organizational History 1947 – 2004|last2=Rinaldi|first2=Richard A.|publisher=Tiger Lilly Publications LLC|year=2005|isbn=978-0972029698|format=Amazon link|oclc=241300352}}
* {{Cite book|title=Staff Officers' Handbook|publisher=Ministry of Defence|date=September 1988|series=Army Code No. 71030, D/DAT/13/35/54|location=Whitehall, London, United Kingdom}}
*{{Cite book|title=Staff Officers' Handbook|publisher=Ministry of Defence|date=September 1988|series=Army Code No. 71030, D/DAT/13/35/54|location=Whitehall, London, United Kingdom}}


[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1981]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1981]]
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[[Category:1992 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1992 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Units and formations of the Royal Corps of Signals]]
[[Category:Units and formations of the Royal Corps of Signals]]
__FORCETOC__
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Latest revision as of 13:54, 29 October 2023

12th Signal Group
12th Signal Brigade
Brigade patch
Active1967–1992
2004–2009
Country United Kingdom
Branch British Army
RoleMilitary communications
SizeGroup & Brigade
Brigade Headquarters (to 1992)Duke of York's Headquarters, Chelsea, London
Group Headquarters (from 2004)Beacon Barracks, Stafford
Insignia
Cap badge of the Royal Corps of Signals
Royal Corps of Signals TRF

The 12th Signal Brigade, later 12th Signal Group was a military communications formation of the British Army commanding regiments of the Royal Corps of Signals. Initially formed in 1967, the brigade would provide rear defence communications for the British Army of the Rhine until its disbandment in 1992. In 2004, the group was reformed to provide territorial army and rear support to the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps in Germany. However, in 2009 the group was disbanded following reductions to the Royal Corps of Signals and Territorial Army.

History

[edit]

First Formation

[edit]

Before the 1966 Defence White Paper and subsequent wide-ranging reorganisation of the Army, signal formations larger than those controlled by a Lieutenant Colonel (i.e.: battalion (regiment in the RCS)) were created. Within the Royal Corps of Signals, eight new 'signal groups', commanded by a Colonel, were formed to oversee specialist units with specific duties, including those tasked with supporting the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). Among these was the 12th Signal Group, which undertook rear area duties within the BAOR.[1][2]

A year after the 1966 Defence White Paper, on 1 April 1967, the 12th Signal Group (Volunteers) was formed with its headquarters initially at Erskine Barracks in Wilton.[3] The regiments of the group were tasked with providing support to the logistic units in the rear area of supporting I (BR) Corps in West Germany. Additionally, the group providing rear area duties assistance to the corps. The role of the group was described as follows: "to establish and operate telecommunication connections in the Rear Combat Zone and the Communications Zone".[4][3]

Eventually, the brigade's headquarters moved from Wilton to the Duke of York's Headquarters in Chelsea, London, where it remained until the brigade's disbandment.[4][3]

Following the 1981 Defence White Paper, the Territorial Army was given roles of increased priority, and more emphasis was placed on supporting BAOR.[5] As a consequence of this announcement, the Army reorganised many of its old 'Field Forces' and 'Groups' (renamed as such under the 1975 Mason Review), as 'Brigades'. Thus, on 1 January 1982, 12th Signal Group (V) became 12th Signal Brigade (Volunteers).[2][4][3][6][7][8][9]

According to the 1988 Staff Officers' handbook, each regiment had an established strength of appx. 600 personnel. The brigade headquarters totalled around 100 personnel, and 81 Squadron had 100 personnel, leaving a total of 2,000 personnel for the brigade.[10]

Following the Dissolution of the Soviet Union and subsequent End of the Cold War, the Options for Change defence review was announced. Among the massive changes was the wholescale disbandment of many units based in the United Kingdom. Under this review, the 12th Signal Brigade was disbanded on 13 November 1992.[2][3]

Second Formation

[edit]

Following the Future Army Structure changes announced in 2004, as a supplement to the 2003 Defence White Paper, the 11th Signal Brigade would expand from just three regiments in 2004 to six regiments by 2007. On 1 April 2004, the TA regiments equipped with the PTARMIGAN communications system of 11th Signal Brigade (33rd (Lancashire & Cheshire), 34th (Northern), and 35th (South Midlands) Signal Regiments) were grouped into the 12th Signal Group.[11] 12th Signal Group's commander was the deputy commander of 11th Signal Brigade, and was first appointed in 2004.[12][13] Shortly after formation, the group transferred to 1st (United Kingdom) Signal Brigade providing rear trunk communications.[11][14]

The group established its headquarters at Beacon Barracks in Stafford and oversaw the TA regiments within the brigade.[15][16][17] The group's, and its regiments roles were now to provide support for CIS (Combat Information Systems), EW (Electronic Warfare), and ARRC rear support to Land Forces (established in 2008). Because of their unique role, the group's regiments were equipped with the state-of-the-art, but expensive Ptarmigan communications system.[13][18]

The new group, however, was only short-lived as in 2009, a 'supplement' to the Future Army Structure was provided. In addition, a reorganisation of the Reserves was announced in 2009, and the Royal Corps of Signals would face the majority of the cuts. As a cost saving measure, the 12th Signal Group with its three regiments (33rd, 34th, and 35th), in addition to several other regiments: 31st, 36th, 38th, and 40th Signal Regiments would all disbanded. As a result, in late 2009, the group headquarters was disbanded and its regiments reduced to squadrons, and in turn their squadrons became signal troops. As part of the review, the 33rd, 34th, and 35th had their equipment 're-allocated [those resources to] higher defence priorities".[19][20]

Organisation

[edit]

First Formation

[edit]

Following the reorganisation of the Army under the 1966 Defence White Paper, each regiment in the group consisted of a regimental headquarters, headquarter(s) squadron, three signal squadrons, and an attach light aid detachment (LAD) – company sized, commanded by a Major – provided by the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME).[4][21]

initially, all the regiments were equipped with the C41/R222 communications system, however in 1987 these regiments were re-equipped with the new EUROMUX system.[2] 56 Signal Squadron meanwhile was equipped with the VRC333/BID860 RATT communications system and would be based in the Lines of Communications (between the Channel Ports & Belgium).[2] 81 Signal Squadron provided maintenance work and installation of the STARNET system at RAF airfields in Germany alongside 16th and 21st Signal Regiments.[3]

Second Formation

[edit]

Following the 2003 Defence White Paper, the 33rd, 34th, and 35th Signal Regiments were all equipped with the PTARMIGAN communications system, which their regular counterparts had been equipped with in Germany.[29]

Commanders

[edit]

Commanders of the brigade/group have included:[35]

  • April 1967 – December 1968: Brigadier Peter D. Vaigncourt-Strallen
  • December 1968 – June 1971: Brigadier Arthur J. Jackson
  • June 1971 – August 1972: Brigadier Henry Arthur John Sturge
  • August 1972 – October 1974: Brigadier Oliver J. Peck
  • October 1974 – January 1978: Brigadier William A. Sykes
  • January 1978 – February 1981: Brigadier Ronald L. Stonham
  • February 1981 – July 1984: Brigadier John R. Burrows
  • July 1984 – May 1988: Brigadier Thomas H. Wheawell
  • May 1988 – October 1990: Brigadier Stanley G. McK. Gordon
  • October 1990 – November 1992: Brigadier K. P. Burke

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ Lord & Watson, p. 136
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Lord & Watson, pp. 131–132
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "The Wire: The Royal Corps of Signals Magazine" (PDF). Royal Corps of Signals Museum (February 1993 ed.). Royal Corps of Signals Association. February 1993. p. 92. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-07-22. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Vieux-Bill, Louis (May 2021). "British Army of the Rhine Order of Battle, July 1989" (PDF). 1985 Orders of Battle. p. 86 Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  5. ^ "The United Kingdom Defence Programme: The Way Forward" (PDF). United Kingdom Parliamentary Publishings. June 1981. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  6. ^ a b British Army, 1991 Master Order of Battle, Ministry of Defence, London. London, United Kingdom. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  7. ^ Fritz, Alter (October 2018). "British Army of the Rhine & Royal Air Force Germany 1989: Organisation and stationing of the British Armed Forces in Germany in 1989 Archived 2021-11-24 at the Wayback Machine" (PDF). Relics in Upper Saxony & Bremen. Retrieved 15 December 2021 .
  8. ^ "The Wire: The Royal Signals Magazine" (PDF). Royal Corps of Signals Museum (January 1981 ed.). January 1981. p. 352. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  9. ^ Watson & Rinaldi, pp. 73–76
  10. ^ Staff Officers' Handbook for 1988, p. 47
  11. ^ a b "The Wire: The Royal Corps of Signals Magazine" (PDF). Royal Corps of Signals Museum. Royal Corps of Signals Association. February 2005. pp. 9–10. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  12. ^ "International Confederation of Reserve Officers Symposium 2019" (PDF). CIOR/CIOMR SUMMER CONGRESS 2019. 7 August 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  13. ^ a b c "11th Signal Brigade". 2007-06-10. Archived from the original on 2007-06-10. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  14. ^ a b "The Posthorn: Magazine of the Postal & Courier Services Branch, Royal Engineers" (PDF). Postal & Courier Services Branch of the Royal Engineers Association. August 2011. p. 5. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  15. ^ "MoD Stafford". TheyWorkForYou. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  16. ^ "MOD Stafford (Beacon Barracks) - Stafford | military". wikimapia.org. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  17. ^ "Defence Digest: Magazine of the Defence Support Group". Yumpu. September 2009. p. 5. Archived from the original on 2021-12-17. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  18. ^ "Digital Communications". 2007-06-26. Archived from the original on 2007-06-26. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  19. ^ "Reserves (Review) - Tuesday 28 April 2009 - Hansard - UK Parliament". hansard.parliament.uk. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
  20. ^ Royal Corps of Signals, The Wire for October 2009: The Journal of the Royal Corps of Signals. Retrieved 15 December 2021
  21. ^ "The Wire: The Royal Corps of Signals Magazine" (PDF). Royal Corps of Signals Museum (January 1983 ed.). Royal Corps of Signals Association. January 1983. p. 371. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  22. ^ Lord & Watson, pp. 152–186
  23. ^ Lord & Watson, pp. 207–208
  24. ^ a b Lord & Watson, p. 141
  25. ^ a b Lord & Watson, p. 142
  26. ^ Lord & Watson, p. 145
  27. ^ Lord & Watson, p. 168–170
  28. ^ Lord & Watson, pp. 182–183
  29. ^ a b "33 Signal Regiment (Volunteers)". 2008-01-01. Archived from the original on 2008-01-01. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  30. ^ "United Kingdom". 2007-10-06. Archived from the original on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  31. ^ "55 (Merseyside) HQ Signal Squadron". 2007-10-09. Archived from the original on 2007-10-09. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  32. ^ Lord & Watson, p. 140
  33. ^ "Squadron Locations". 2008-10-13. Archived from the original on 2008-10-13. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  34. ^ "35 Signal Regiment - How to find us". 2007-10-22. Archived from the original on 2007-10-22. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  35. ^ Mackie, Colin (26 June 2020). "Directorates of the British Armed Forces (1860–Present), Volume III: Senior Army Appointments 1860–Present" (PDF). Gulabin. Retrieved 26 June 2021.

References

[edit]
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