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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
|name=Green-tailed Towhee
| image = Green-tailed Towhee.jpg
⚫
|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1
| status = LC
|image=Green-tailed Towhee.jpg|image_width=250px
⚫
| status_system = IUCN3.1
|regnum=[[Animal]]ia
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Pipilo chlorurus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22721304A94707327 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22721304A94707327.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>
|phylum=[[Chordate|Chordata]]
⚫
| genus = Pipilo
|classis=[[Bird|Aves]]
⚫
| species = chlorurus
|ordo=[[Passerine|Passeriformes]]
⚫
| authority = ([[John James Audubon|Audubon]], 1839)
|familia=[[American sparrow|Emberizidae]]
⚫
| synonyms =
⚫
|genus=''[[Towhee|Pipilo]]''
⚫
* ''Fringilla chlorura'' <small>Audubon 1839</small>
⚫
|species='''''P. chlorurus'''''
⚫
* ''Chlorura chlorura'': <small>Sclater 1862</small>
⚫
|binomial=''Pipilo chlorurus''
⚫
* ''Oreospiza chlorura'': <small>Ridgway 1896 (preoccupied)</small>
⚫
|binomial_authority=([[John James Audubon|Audubon]] 1839)
⚫
* ''Oberholseria chlorura'': <small>Richmond 1915</small>
⚫
|synonyms=
⚫
| range_map = Pipilo chlorurus map.svg
⚫
*''Fringilla chlorura'' <small>Audubon 1839</small>
}}
⚫
*''Chlorura chlorura'': <small>Sclater 1862</small>

⚫
*''Oreospiza chlorura'': <small>Ridgway 1896 (preoccupied)</small>
⚫
The '''green-tailed towhee''' ('''''Pipilo chlorurus''''') is the smallest [[towhee]], but is still one of the larger members of the [[American sparrow]] family [[Passerellidae]].
⚫
*''Oberholseria chlorura'': <small>Richmond 1915<small>}}
⚫
The '''Green-tailed Towhee''' ''(Pipilo chlorurus)'', is the smallest [[towhee]], but is still one of the larger members of the "American sparrow" family [[Emberizidae]].


Its breeding range covers most of the interior [[Western United States]], with a winter range in [[Mexico]] and the southern edge of the [[Southwestern United States]].
Its breeding range covers most of the interior [[Western United States]], with a winter range in [[Mexico]] and the southern edge of the [[Southwestern United States]].


This bird can be recognized by the bright green stripes on the edge of its wings. It has a distinct white throat and a rufous cap. It is fairly tame, but often stays hidden under a bush. It is fairly common in [[habitat]]s with '[[sagebrush]]' and other such bushes. It is uncommonly seen because of its tendency to stay under cover.
This bird can be recognized by the bright green stripes on the edge of its wings. It has a distinct white throat and a [[rufous]] cap. It measures {{convert|7.25|in|cm|abbr=on}} long and weighs {{convert|29|g|oz|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Sibley/>
It is fairly tame, but often stays hidden under a bush. It is fairly common in [[habitat]]s with [[sagebrush]] and other such bushes. It is uncommonly seen because of its tendency to stay under cover.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
⚫
{{commons|Pipilo chlorurus}}
<ref name=Sibley>{{cite book |last=Sibley |first=David Allen |author-link=David Allen Sibley |date=2000 |title=The Sibley Guide to Birds |location=New York |publisher=Knopf |page=[https://archive.org/details/sibleyguidetobir00sibl_0/page/475 475] |isbn=0-679-45122-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/sibleyguidetobir00sibl_0/page/475 }}</ref>
*{{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=53587|title=Pipilo chlorurus|downloaded=12 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern.
}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
<div class="reflist4" style="height: 220px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px" >


===Book===
===Book===
*Dobbs, R. C., P. R. Martin, and T. E. Martin. 1998. ''Green-tailed Towhee (Pipilo chlorurus)''. In ''The Birds of North America'', No. 368 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
* {{cite book |last1=Dobbs |first1=R.C. |first2=P.R. |last2=Martin |first3=T.E. |last3=Martin |year=1998 |section=Green-tailed Towhee (Pipilo chlorurus) |title=The Birds of North America |number=368 |editor-first1=A. |editor-last1=Poole |editor-first2=F. |editor-last2=Gill |publisher=The Birds of North America, Inc. |location=Philadelphia, PA}}


===Thesis===
===Thesis===
*Beedy EC. Ph.D. (1982). ''BIRD COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN CONIFEROUS FORESTS OF YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA''. University of California, Davis, United States, California.
* Beedy EC. Ph.D. (1982). ''Bird Community Structure in Coniferous Forests of Yosemite National Park, California''. University of California, Davis, United States, California.
*Kerley L. Ph.D. (1994). ''Bird responses to habitat fragmentation caused by sagebrush management in a Wyoming sagebrush steppe ecosystem''. University of Wyoming, United States, Wyoming.
* Kerley L. Ph.D. (1994). ''Bird responses to [[habitat fragmentation]] caused by sagebrush management in a Wyoming sagebrush steppe ecosystem''. University of Wyoming, United States, Wyoming.


===Articles===
===Articles===
*Berry ME & Bock CE. (1998). ''Effects of habitat and landscape characteristics on avian breeding distributions in Colorado foothills shrub''. Southwestern Naturalist. vol '''43''', no 4. pp.&nbsp;453–461.
*Berry ME & Bock CE. (1998). ''Effects of habitat and landscape characteristics on avian breeding distributions in Colorado foothills shrub''. Southwestern Naturalist. vol '''43''', no 4. pp.&nbsp;453–461.
*Bulluck L, Fleishman E, Betrus C & Blair R. (2006). ''Spatial and temporal variations in species occurrence rate affect the accuracy of occurrence models''. Global Ecology & Biogeography. vol '''15''', no 1. pp.&nbsp;27–38.
*Bulluck L, Fleishman E, Betrus C & Blair R. (2006). ''Spatial and temporal variations in species occurrence rate affect the accuracy of occurrence models''. Global Ecology and Biogeography. vol '''15''', no 1. pp.&nbsp;27–38.
*Dobbs RC & Martin PR. (2000). ''Winter nocturnal roost sites and behavior of some desert passerines in western Texas''. Western Birds. vol '''31''', no 2. pp.&nbsp;120–122.
*Dobbs RC & Martin PR. (2000). ''Winter nocturnal roost sites and behavior of some desert passerines in western Texas''. Western Birds. vol '''31''', no 2. pp.&nbsp;120–122.
*Erickson RA & Wurster TE. (1998). ''Confirmation of nesting in Mexico for four bird species from the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''110''', no 1. pp.&nbsp;118–120.
*Erickson RA & Wurster TE. (1998). ''Confirmation of nesting in Mexico for four bird species from the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''110''', no 1. pp.&nbsp;118–120.
Line 61: Line 62:
*Zink RM & Blackwell RC. (1996). ''Patterns of allozyme, mitochondrial DNA, and morphometric variation in four sparrow genera''. Auk. vol '''113''', no 1. pp.&nbsp;59–67.
*Zink RM & Blackwell RC. (1996). ''Patterns of allozyme, mitochondrial DNA, and morphometric variation in four sparrow genera''. Auk. vol '''113''', no 1. pp.&nbsp;59–67.
*Zwartjes PW & Farley GH. (1998). ''Observations of breeding site fidelity of green-tailed towhees (Pipilo chlorurus) in central New Mexico''. Texas Journal of Science. vol '''50''', no 3. pp.&nbsp;258–261.
*Zwartjes PW & Farley GH. (1998). ''Observations of breeding site fidelity of green-tailed towhees (Pipilo chlorurus) in central New Mexico''. Texas Journal of Science. vol '''50''', no 3. pp.&nbsp;258–261.
</div>


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Pipilo chlorurus}}
⚫
*[http://fireflyforest.net/images/firefly/2006/May/green-tailed-towhee-2.jpg photo-1], [http://fireflyforest.net/firefly/2006/05/25/green-tailed-towhee/ photo-2 and Article] fireflyforest
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{{Wikispecies|Pipilo chlorurus}}
*[http://www.natureserve.org/infonatura/servlet/InfoNatura?sourceTemplate=Ltabular_report.wmt&loadTemplate=Ldetail_report.wmt&selectedReport=&summaryView=Ltabular_report.wmt&elKey=104040&paging=home&save=true&startIndex=1&nextStartIndex=1&reset=false&offPageSelectedElKey=104040&offPageSelectedElType=species&offPageYesNo=true&selectedIndexes=104040 Article & RangeMaps] InfoNatura, NatureServe
⚫
* [http://fireflyforest.net/firefly/2006/05/25/green-tailed-towhee/ Green-tailed towhee photos and article] at [http://fireflyforest.net fireflyforest.net]
*[http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=green-tailed+towhee&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 Green-tailed Towhee photo gallery] VIREO
* {{IUCN_Map|22721304|Pipilo chlorurus}}
*[http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=9560 Green-tailed Towhee videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
* {{VIREO|Green-tailed+towhee}}
* {{InternetBirdCollection|green-tailed-towhee-pipilo-chlorurus|Green-tailed towhee}}
* {{BirdLife|22721304|Pipilo chlorurus}}
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* {{Avibase|name=Pipilo chlorurus}}
* [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Green-tailed_Towhee.html Green-tailed towhee Species Account] – Cornell Lab of Ornithology
* {{Xeno-canto species|Pipilo|chlorurus|Green-tailed towhee}}

{{Pipilo}}
{{Pipilo}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Green-Tailed Towhee}}
[[Category:Pipilo]]
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[[Category:Birds of the United States|Towhee, Green-tailed]]
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[[Category:Animals described in 1839]]
[[Category:Birds of North America]]
[[Category:Native birds of the Western United States|Towhee, Green-tailed]]
[[Category:Birds of Mexico|Towhee, Green-tailed]]
[[Category:Birds of Baja Peninsula Mexico|Towhee, Green-tailed]]
<!-- see RangeMap at "www.natureserve.org" ..ALSO the IUCN says in Canada (in the west)(minimally)-->
<!--[[Category:Birds of Canada|Towhee, Green-tailed]]Probably only minimal in Canada(note: 14 Jan 2008)-->
[[Category:Birds of Cuba|Towhee, Green-tailed]]
[[Category:Western North American migratory birds|Towhee, Green-tailed]]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q945682}}
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[[es:Pipilo chlorurus]]

[[eo:Verdavosta pipilo]]
[[eu:Pipilo chlorurus]]
[[Category:Pipilo|green-tailed towhee]]
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[[Category:Native birds of the Western United States]]
[[fr:Tohi à queue verte]]
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[[Category:Birds described in 1839|green-tailed towhee]]
[[pam:Aluntiang-iking Towhee]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John James Audubon|green-tailed towhee]]
[[hu:Zöldfarkú sármánypinty]]
[[ja:ミドリトウヒチョウ]]
[[fi:Punalakkipipilo]]
[[sv:Grönstjärtad busksparv]]

Latest revision as of 15:01, 5 November 2023

Green-tailed towhee
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Passerellidae
Genus: Pipilo
Species:
P. chlorurus
Binomial name
Pipilo chlorurus
(Audubon, 1839)
Synonyms
  • Fringilla chlorura Audubon 1839
  • Chlorura chlorura: Sclater 1862
  • Oreospiza chlorura: Ridgway 1896 (preoccupied)
  • Oberholseria chlorura: Richmond 1915

The green-tailed towhee (Pipilo chlorurus) is the smallest towhee, but is still one of the larger members of the American sparrow family Passerellidae.

Its breeding range covers most of the interior Western United States, with a winter range in Mexico and the southern edge of the Southwestern United States.

This bird can be recognized by the bright green stripes on the edge of its wings. It has a distinct white throat and a rufous cap. It measures 7.25 in (18.4 cm) long and weighs 29 g (1.0 oz).[2]

It is fairly tame, but often stays hidden under a bush. It is fairly common in habitats with sagebrush and other such bushes. It is uncommonly seen because of its tendency to stay under cover.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Pipilo chlorurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22721304A94707327. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22721304A94707327.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ^ Sibley, David Allen (2000). The Sibley Guide to Birds. New York: Knopf. p. 475. ISBN 0-679-45122-6.

Further reading

[edit]

Book

[edit]
  • Dobbs, R.C.; Martin, P.R.; Martin, T.E. (1998). "Green-tailed Towhee (Pipilo chlorurus)". In Poole, A.; Gill, F. (eds.). The Birds of North America. Philadelphia, PA: The Birds of North America, Inc.

Thesis

[edit]
  • Beedy EC. Ph.D. (1982). Bird Community Structure in Coniferous Forests of Yosemite National Park, California. University of California, Davis, United States, California.
  • Kerley L. Ph.D. (1994). Bird responses to habitat fragmentation caused by sagebrush management in a Wyoming sagebrush steppe ecosystem. University of Wyoming, United States, Wyoming.

Articles

[edit]
  • Berry ME & Bock CE. (1998). Effects of habitat and landscape characteristics on avian breeding distributions in Colorado foothills shrub. Southwestern Naturalist. vol 43, no 4. pp. 453–461.
  • Bulluck L, Fleishman E, Betrus C & Blair R. (2006). Spatial and temporal variations in species occurrence rate affect the accuracy of occurrence models. Global Ecology and Biogeography. vol 15, no 1. pp. 27–38.
  • Dobbs RC & Martin PR. (2000). Winter nocturnal roost sites and behavior of some desert passerines in western Texas. Western Birds. vol 31, no 2. pp. 120–122.
  • Erickson RA & Wurster TE. (1998). Confirmation of nesting in Mexico for four bird species from the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California. Wilson Bulletin. vol 110, no 1. pp. 118–120.
  • Ewert DN. (1980). Recognition of Conspecific Song by the Rufous-Sided Towhee Pipilo-Erythrophthalmus. Animal Behaviour. vol 28, no 2. pp. 379–386.
  • Garber D. (1969). Green-Tailed Towhee in Racine. Passenger Pigeon. vol 31, no 4.
  • Jehle G, Savidge JA & Kotliar NB. (2006). Green-tailed Towhee response to prescribed fire in montane shrubland. Condor. vol 108, no 3. pp. 634–646.
  • Knopf FL, Sedgwick JA & Inkley DB. (1990). Regional Correspondence among Shrubsteppe Bird Habitats. Condor. vol 92, no 1. pp. 45–53.
  • Martin TE. (1996). Fitness costs of resource overlap among coexisting bird species. Nature. vol 380, no 6572. pp. 338–340.
  • Martin TE. (1998). Are microhabitat preferences of coexisting species under selection and adaptive?. Ecology. vol 79, no 2. pp. 656–670.
  • Martin TE, Scott J & Menge C. (2000). Nest predation increases with parental activity: Separating nest site and parental activity effects. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B. vol 267, no 1459. pp. 2287–2293.
  • Meritt JK. (1976). Green-Tailed Towhee in Gloucester County New-Jersey USA. Cassinia. vol 56, no 28.
  • Mindell DP & Sites JWJ. (1987). Tissue Expression Patterns of Avian Isozymes a Preliminary Study of Phylogenetic Applications. Systematic Zoology. vol 36, no 2. pp. 137–152.
  • Morton ML. (1991). POSTFLEDGING DISPERSAL OF GREEN-TAILED TOWHEES TO A SUB-ALPINE MEADOW. Condor. vol 93, no 2. pp. 466–468.
  • Noson AC, Schmitz RA & Miller RF. (2006). Influence of fire and Juniper encroachment on birds in high-elevation sagebrush steppe. Western North American Naturalist. vol 66, no 3. pp. 343–353.
  • Odell EA & Knight RL. (2001). Songbird and medium-sized mammal communities associated with exurban development in Pitkin County, Colorado. Conservation Biology. vol 15, no 4. pp. 1143–1150.
  • Palacios MG & Martin TE. (2006). Incubation period and immune function: a comparative field study among coexisting birds. Oecologia. vol 146, no 4. pp. 505–512.
  • Pavlacky DC & Anderson SH. (2004). Comparative habitat use in a juniper woodland bird community. Western North American Naturalist. vol 64, no 3. pp. 376–384.
  • Ponshair JF. (1980). 8 Species of Birds New for Ottawa County Michigan USA. Jack Pine Warbler. vol 58, no 3.
  • Sedgwick JA. (1987). Avian Habitat Relationships in Pinyon-Juniper Woodland. Wilson Bulletin. vol 99, no 3. pp. 413–431.
  • Spicer GS. (1978). A New Species and Several New Host Records of Avian Nasal Mites Acarina Rhinonyssinae Turbinoptinae. Journal of Parasitology. vol 64, no 5. pp. 891–894.
  • Zink RM & Blackwell RC. (1996). Patterns of allozyme, mitochondrial DNA, and morphometric variation in four sparrow genera. Auk. vol 113, no 1. pp. 59–67.
  • Zwartjes PW & Farley GH. (1998). Observations of breeding site fidelity of green-tailed towhees (Pipilo chlorurus) in central New Mexico. Texas Journal of Science. vol 50, no 3. pp. 258–261.
[edit]
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Wikispecies has information related to Pipilo chlorurus.
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