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copyedit to bold CoreCLR, update language re .NET Core, and mention generic ".NET runtime"
 
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{{short description|Virtual machine component of Microsoft's .NET framework}}
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{{Program execution}}
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The '''Common Language Runtime''' ('''CLR''') is the [[virtual machine]] component of [[Microsoft]] [[.NET framework]], manages the execution of .NET programs. [[Just-in-time compilation]] converts the [[managed code]] (compiled [[intermediate language]] code), into [[machine instructions]] which are then executed on the [[CPU]] of the computer.<ref name="msdn-clr">{{cite web| title = Common Language Runtime (CLR) | url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/8bs2ecf4 | accessdate = 14 November 2013 | work = [[MSDN Library]]}}</ref> The CLR provides additional services including [[memory management]], [[type safety]], [[exception handling]], [[garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collection]], security and [[thread management]]. All programs written for the .NET framework, regardless of [[programming language]], are executed by the CLR. All versions of the .NET framework include CLR. The CLR team was started June 13, 1998.
The '''Common Language Runtime''' ('''CLR'''), the [[virtual machine]] component of [[Microsoft]] [[.NET Framework]], manages the execution of .NET programs. [[Just-in-time compilation]] converts the [[managed code]] (compiled [[intermediate language]] code) into [[machine instructions]] which are then executed on the [[CPU]] of the computer.<ref name="msdn-clr">{{cite web| title = Common Language Runtime (CLR) | url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/8bs2ecf4 | access-date = 14 November 2013 | work = [[MSDN Library]]}}</ref> The CLR provides additional services including [[memory management]], [[type safety]], [[exception handling]], [[garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collection]], security and [[thread management]]. All programs written for the .NET Framework, regardless of [[programming language]], are executed in the CLR. All versions of the .NET Framework include CLR. The CLR team was started June 13, 1998.


CLR implements the [[Virtual Execution System]] (VES) as defined in the [[Common Language Infrastructure]] (CLI) standard, initially developed by Microsoft itself. A public standard defines the Common Language Infrastructure specification.<ref>{{cite web | title = ECMA C# and Common Language Infrastructure Standards
CLR implements the [[Virtual Execution System]] (VES) as defined in the [[Common Language Infrastructure]] (CLI) standard, initially developed by Microsoft itself. A public standard defines the Common Language Infrastructure specification.<ref>{{cite web | title = ECMA C# and Common Language Infrastructure Standards
| url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vstudio/Aa569283.aspx | accessdate = 14 November 2013
| url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vstudio/Aa569283.aspx | access-date = 14 November 2013
| work = Visual Studio Developer Center}}</ref>
| work = Visual Studio Developer Center}}</ref>


During the transition from legacy .NET technologies like the .NET Framework and its proprietary runtime to the community-developed [[.NET Core]], the CLR was dubbed '''CoreCLR'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Understanding .NET Framework, .NET Core, .NET Standard And Future .NET|url=https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/blogs/understanding-net-framework-net-core-and-net-standard-and-future-net|access-date=February 1, 2021|website=www.c-sharpcorner.com|language=en}}</ref> Today, it is simply called the '''.NET runtime'''.<ref>{{cite web|title= .NET is a cross-platform runtime for cloud, mobile, desktop, and IoT apps.|url=https://github.com/dotnet/runtime|access-date=November 5, 2023|website=GitHub}}</ref>
With Microsoft's move to [[.NET Core]], the CLI VES implementation is known as [[CoreCLR]] instead of CLR.


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*[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zw4w595w.aspx .NET Framework Conceptual Overview]
*[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zw4w595w.aspx .NET Framework Conceptual Overview]


{{.NET Framework}}
{{Common Language Infrastructure}}
{{Common Language Infrastructure}}


Latest revision as of 16:29, 5 November 2023

Program execution
General concepts
Types of code
Compilation strategies
Notable runtimes
Notable compilers & toolchains

The Common Language Runtime (CLR), the virtual machine component of Microsoft .NET Framework, manages the execution of .NET programs. Just-in-time compilation converts the managed code (compiled intermediate language code) into machine instructions which are then executed on the CPU of the computer.[1] The CLR provides additional services including memory management, type safety, exception handling, garbage collection, security and thread management. All programs written for the .NET Framework, regardless of programming language, are executed in the CLR. All versions of the .NET Framework include CLR. The CLR team was started June 13, 1998.

CLR implements the Virtual Execution System (VES) as defined in the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard, initially developed by Microsoft itself. A public standard defines the Common Language Infrastructure specification.[2]

During the transition from legacy .NET technologies like the .NET Framework and its proprietary runtime to the community-developed .NET Core, the CLR was dubbed CoreCLR.[3] Today, it is simply called the .NET runtime.[4]

Overview of the Common Language Runtime release history[1]
CLR version .NET version
1.0 1.0
1.1 1.1
2.0 2.0, 3.0, 3.5
4 4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Common Language Runtime (CLR)". MSDN Library. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  2. ^ "ECMA C# and Common Language Infrastructure Standards". Visual Studio Developer Center. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  3. ^ "Understanding .NET Framework, .NET Core, .NET Standard And Future .NET". www.c-sharpcorner.com. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  4. ^ ".NET is a cross-platform runtime for cloud, mobile, desktop, and IoT apps". GitHub. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
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