Temple of Augustus, Barcelona: Difference between revisions

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The Temple of Augustus in Barcelona was a Roman temple built during the Imperial period in the colony of Barcino (modern day Barcelona). The temple was the central building on Tàber Hill, currently in Carrer del Paradís number 10, in the city's so-called Gothic Quarter. The dedication to Augustus is traditional, but unproven.^[1]

Archaeology

If still in use by the fourth century AD, the temple would have been closed during the persecution of pagans under the Christian emperors. At some point the temple was demolished, and its ruins were not discovered until the late 19th century, when three of its columns appeared on the construction site of Centre Excursionista de Catalunya.^[2] A fourth column was then exhibited at the Plaça del Rei and was later added to the structure, as it can be seen nowadays.

According to Josep Puig i Cadafalch, architect Antoni Celles wrote once a complete description and a map of the temple during excavations as early as 1830 financed by the Barcelona Chamber of Commerce. Puig i Cadafalch confirmed Celles's hypothesis that the temple would have been dedicated to Augustus. He also describes it formally as being a peripteral temple with eleven columns on each wing, including corner columns, and with six on the front and further six on the posticum. The whole building would have been 35 x 17.5 metres in size,^[3] erected on a podium a third the height of the columns.^[4]

It was named a Cultural Asset of National Interest (Catalan: Bé cultural d'interés nacional) in 1931.

The Temple of Augustus is one of the Barcelona City History Museum (MUHBA) heritage sites.

References

^ Orengo, Hector A.; Cortés, Ada (8 January 2014). "The Augustan Temple and Forum of the Colony of Barcino: A 90 Degree Turn" (PDF). Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 33 (1): 89–107. doi:10.1111/ojoa.12028. hdl:2072/262895. S2CID 161264761.
^ Pobles de Catalunya.cat retrieved on April 18 2011
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2011-10-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Puig i Cadafalch, J.; de Falguera, A.; Goday, J.. L'arquitectura romana a Catalunya, 2a Ed.. Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Institut històrico-arqueològic, 1934, pàgs. 95-99.

External links

[1] Orengo, Hector A.; Cortés, Ada (8 January 2014). "The Augustan Temple and Forum of the Colony of Barcino: A 90 Degree Turn" (PDF). Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 33 (1): 89–107. doi:10.1111/ojoa.12028. hdl:2072/262895. S2CID 161264761.

[2] Pobles de Catalunya.cat retrieved on April 18 2011

[3] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2011-10-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[4] Puig i Cadafalch, J.; de Falguera, A.; Goday, J.. L'arquitectura romana a Catalunya, 2a Ed.. Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Institut històrico-arqueològic, 1934, pàgs. 95-99.

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[2]

[3]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:Columnas Templo de Augusto Barcelona.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Panorama of the remaining columns.]]
+[[File:Columnas Templo de Augusto Barcelona.jpg|thumb|260px|right|The remaining columns of the Temple of Augustus]]
-The '''Temple of Augustus in Barcelona''' was a [[Roman temple]] built during the [[Roman Empire|Imperial period]] in the colony of [[Barcino]] (modern day [[Barcelona]]) as a place of worship for [[Emperor Augustus]]. It was the central building on [[Tàber Hill]], currently in  [[Carrer del Paradís, Barcelona|Carrer del Paradís]] number 10, in the city's so-called [[Gothic Quarter, Barcelona|Gothic Quarter]]. At one point in history the temple was demolished, and its ruins were not discovered until late 19th century, when three of its columns appeared on the construction site of [[Centre Excursionista de Catalunya]].<ref>[http://www.poblesdecatalunya.cat/element.php?e=2047 Pobles de Catalunya.cat retrieved on April 18 2011]</ref> A fourth column was then exhibited at the [[Plaça del Rei]] and was later added to the structure, as it can be seen nowadays. The temple is likely to have been built under [[Tiberius]], who instituted a [[Imperial cult|cult]] of Augustus.
+The '''Temple of Augustus in Barcelona''' was a [[Roman temple]] built during the [[Roman Empire|Imperial period]] in the colony of Barcino (modern day [[Barcelona]]). The temple was the central building on [[Tàber Hill]], currently in  [[Carrer del Paradís, Barcelona|Carrer del Paradís]] number 10, in the city's so-called [[Gothic Quarter, Barcelona|Gothic Quarter]]. The dedication to Augustus is traditional, but unproven.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Orengo|first1=Hector A.|last2=Cortés|first2=Ada|title=The Augustan Temple and Forum of the Colony of Barcino: A 90 Degree Turn|journal=Oxford Journal of Archaeology|date=8 January 2014|volume=33|issue=1|pages=89–107|doi=10.1111/ojoa.12028|hdl=2072/262895|s2cid=161264761 |url=https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/999505/1/The_Augustan_temple_and_forum_of_the_colony_of_Barcino._A_90%BA_degrees_turn.pdf |hdl-access=free}}</ref>
+==Archaeology==
-According to [[Josep Puig i Cadafalch]], architect [[Antoni Celles]] wrote once a complete description and a map of the temple during excavations as early as 1830 financed by the [[Barcelona Chamber of Commerce]]. Puig i Cadafalch confirmed Celles's hypothesis that the temple would have been dedicated to Augustus. He also describes it formally as being a [[peripteral]] temple with 11 columns on each wing, including corner columns, and with 6 on the front and further 6 on the [[posticum]]. The whole building would have been 35 x 17.5 metres in size,<ref>http://www.emdn.cat/professors/josepm/barcino.doc</ref> erected on a podium a third the height of the columns.<ref>Puig i Cadafalch, J.; de Falguera, A.; Goday, J.. L'arquitectura romana a Catalunya, 2a Ed.. Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Institut històrico-arqueològic, 1934, pàgs. 95-99.</ref>
+If still in use by the fourth century AD, the temple would have been closed during the [[persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire|persecution of pagans]] under the Christian emperors. At some point the temple was demolished, and its ruins were not discovered until the late 19th century, when three of its columns appeared on the construction site of [[Centre Excursionista de Catalunya]].<ref>[http://www.poblesdecatalunya.cat/element.php?e=2047 Pobles de Catalunya.cat retrieved on April 18 2011]</ref> A fourth column was then exhibited at the [[Plaça del Rei]] and was later added to the structure, as it can be seen nowadays.
+According to [[Josep Puig i Cadafalch]], architect [[Antoni Celles]] wrote once a complete description and a map of the temple during excavations as early as 1830 financed by the [[Barcelona Chamber of Commerce]]. Puig i Cadafalch confirmed Celles's hypothesis that the temple would have been dedicated to Augustus. He also describes it formally as being a [[peripteral]] temple with eleven columns on each wing, including corner columns, and with six on the front and further six on the [[posticum]]. The whole building would have been 35 x 17.5 metres in size,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.emdn.cat/professors/josepm/barcino.doc |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-10-27 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111132/http://www.emdn.cat/professors/josepm/barcino.doc |url-status=dead }}</ref> erected on a podium a third the height of the columns.<ref>Puig i Cadafalch, J.; de Falguera, A.; Goday, J.. L'arquitectura romana a Catalunya, 2a Ed.. Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Institut històrico-arqueològic, 1934, pàgs. 95-99.</ref>
 It was named a Cultural Asset of National Interest ([[Catalan language|Catalan]]: ''Bé cultural d'interés nacional'') in 1931.
+The Temple of Augustus is one of the [[Barcelona City History Museum]] (MUHBA) heritage sites.
+<gallery style="text-align:left" mode="packed">
+Columna del Temple d'August, c. Paradís.JPG
+Temple d'August (Centre Excursionista de Catalunya).jpg
+Temple of Augustus, built during the Imperial period in the colony of Barcino (modern day Barcelona) as a place of worship for Emperor Augustus, Barcelona (20766248154).jpg
+</gallery>
 ==See also==
-*[[Temple of Divus Augustus]]
+*[[List of Ancient Roman temples]]
-*[[Temple of Augustus (Pula)]]
+*[[Temple of Divus Augustus]], [[Rome]]
-*[[Monumentum Ancyranum|Temple of Augustus in Ancyra]]
+*[[Temple of Augustus, Pula|Temple of Augustus]], [[Pula]]
+*[[Monumentum Ancyranum|Temple of Augustus]], [[Ancyra]]
 ==References==
+{{Reflist}}
-<references/>
 ==External links==
+{{commons category}}
-*[http://www.bcn.cat/museuhistoriaciutat/ca/muhba_temple_august.html MUHBA]
+*[http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/museuhistoria/ca/muhba-temple-daugust MUHBA Temple of Augustus] {{in lang|es}}
+*[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ojoa.12028/full The Augustan Temple and Forum of the Colony of Barcino (Oxford Journal of Archaeology)]
+{{Authority control}}
-{{commons|left|Temple of Augustus in Barcelona}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Temple Of Augustus In Barcelona}}
-[[Category:Ancient Roman temples|Augustus In Barcelona]]
+[[Category:Temples of Augustus|Barcelona]]
 [[Category:Buildings and structures in Barcelona]]
 [[Category:Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Catalonia]]
-[[Category:Augustus]]
+[[Category:Tourist attractions in Barcelona]]
-[[Category:Visitor attractions in Barcelona]]
+[[Category:Roman temples in Spain| ]]
-[[ca:Temple d'August de Barcelona]]
-[[es:Templo de Augusto (Barcelona)]]