Desolation (Llimona): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Sculpture by Josep Llimona}} |
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{{Infobox artwork |
{{Infobox artwork |
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| image_file = Barcelona |
| image_file = (Barcelona) Desolation by Josep Llimona - Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya.jpg |
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| title = Desolation |
| title = Desolation |
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| artist = [[Josep Llimona]] |
| artist = [[Josep Llimona]] |
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| year = 1907 |
| year = 1907 |
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| width_metric = |
| width_metric = 78.8 |
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'''''Desolation''''' is a [[sculpture]] by [[Josep Llimona]] |
'''''Desolation''''' is a [[sculpture]] that was crafted by [[Josep Llimona]] in 1907, which now resides in the [[National Art Museum of Catalonia]] in [[Barcelona]].<ref>[http://art.mnac.cat/index.html;jsessionid=fb95086d684f3421868ce4f71e215ec54d3d4d2ad7136d90745cb6f97b02a5ba MNAC's website]</ref> |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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Llimona, of the [[Modernisme|Catalan Modernism]] school of sculpture, joined the [[Symbolism (arts)|Symbolism]] movement during the first few years of the 20th century after adopting an idealism deeply rooted in his religious convictions. Llimona contributed to the founding of the [[Cercle Artístic de Sant Lluc|Artistic Circle of Sant Lluc]], which intended to preserve art from the perceived excesses of contemporary artists. Female nudes were prohibited by the Circle's initial statutes, and Llimona created ''Desolation'' after the prohibition was lifted. The work was exhibited for the first time in 1907 and aims to communicate feelings that reflect a deep humanity through a naked female figure. |
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⚫ | ''Desolation'', an example of ''[[Modernisme]]'' sculpture, represents the formal traits of Symbolism as adopted by prominent [[Catalan people|Catalan]] sculptors of the day. These traits include undulating lines and softened contours, features that derive from ''[[Danaid (Rodin)|The Danaide]]'' by [[Auguste Rodin]]. Critics have said that a notable difference exists between the resigned, melancholic and chaste attitude of ''Desolation'' and the vitality, strength and sensuality of Rodin's work. With ''Desolation'', Llimona utilised his process of sculptural renewal, while also aiming to exemplify the Symbolist aesthetic of Catalan Modernism.<ref>[http://www.mnac.es/colleccio/col_modern.jsp?ambit=70&lan=003 MNAC's artwork at their Online Collection]</ref><ref>[http://www.spanisharts.com/history/del_impres_s.XX/modernismo/i_modernismo.html Modernismo]</ref><ref>[http://www.musee-rodin.fr/en/collections/sculptures/danaid Danaid at the Rodin Museum]</ref> |
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The theme, title and creation of ''Desolation'' were a direct result of the mental state of the artist after the death of his wife of ten years, Marcé Benet. She passed on March 5, 1901 when she was only 31 years old and after her death, the grief-stricken artist's life was dominated by pain, desperation, and depression. Josep Llimona could not be saved from his sad and defeated state, neither by his religious convictions nor by his eight children.<ref>[http://www.miguelangelbetancur.com/blog/index.php/2008/09/21/josep-llimona-el-desconsol-- Josep Llimona, el Desconsol]</ref> |
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⚫ | ''Desolation'', |
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<ref>[http://www.spanisharts.com/history/del_impres_s.XX/modernismo/i_modernismo.html Modernismo]</ref><ref>[http://www.musee-rodin.fr/en/collections/sculptures/danaid Danaid at the Rodin Museum]</ref> |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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[[File:La Virtut Josep Llimona.JPG|thumb|A ''Virtue'' by Llimona hold at the [[Art Museum of Cerdanyola]], in [[Catalonia]].]] |
[[File:La Virtut Josep Llimona.JPG|thumb|A ''Virtue'' by Llimona hold at the [[Art Museum of Cerdanyola]], in [[Catalonia]].]] |
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''Desolation'' is a nude version of a figure produced for a burial vault in the [[Montjuic Cemetery]]<ref>[ |
''Desolation'' is a nude version of a figure produced for a burial vault in the [[Montjuic Cemetery]].<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8oZR1FazL94 MNAC Audio Guide for '''Desolation''' by Josep Llimona]</ref> The sculpture´s measurements are 67 cm x 76 cm x 67 cm (26.4 in x 29.9 in x 31.5 in).<ref>[http://www.slideshare.net/mcarmearanda/1josep-llimona-desconsol Desconsol by M.Carme Aranda]</ref> |
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The sculpture belongs to a group of works created specifically for new pantheons built during the early 1900s. Artists created sculptures of angels or ''Virtues'' that included |
The sculpture belongs to a group of works created specifically for new pantheons built during the early 1900s. Artists created sculptures of angels, or ''Virtues,'' that included women overcome by the weight of their grief and allegorical figures reflecting feelings such as despair, grief, or resignation. The artists aimed to capture feeling, rather than beauty. Typical characteristics of these works are languid, bowed female figures with long hair dressed in flowing tunics. Although this style wasn't adopted in all the works, female figures predominate, and their formal characteristics passed into the artistic language used by modernist sculptors in the works they produced for collectors, which discarded the funerary elements of the originals.<ref>Doñate, Mercè. ''Modernisme in the MNAC Collections''. Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya and Lunwerg, Spain 2012.</ref> |
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The most notable characteristic of ''Desolation'' is the ease with which it transmits inner emotions. The hermetic and mysterious nature the sculpture evokes has to do with its posture. The hidden gaze, the closed composition of the body, and its curved contours seem to enclose the figure within its own silence.<ref>[http://www.artecreha.com/Historia_de_la_Belleza/j-llimona-qdesconsolq.html History of beauty-Desconsol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214042754/http://www.artecreha.com/Historia_de_la_Belleza/j-llimona-qdesconsolq.html |date=2012-02-14 }} (in Spanish)</ref><ref>[http://www.huntfor.com/arthistory/c19th/symbolism.htm Symbolism- Art History]</ref> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:Desconsol de Josep Llimona, davant el Parlament.jpg|thumb|Replica in front of the [[Parliament of Catalonia]] |
[[File:Desconsol de Josep Llimona, davant el Parlament.jpg|thumb|Replica in front of the [[Parliament of Catalonia]] ({{coord|41|23|16|N|2|11|17|E|type:landmark_source:kolossus-cawiki|display=inline}})]] |
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The sculpture can be found at The National Art Museum of Catalonia (MNAC).<ref>Llimona, Mercè ''Escales. Josep Llimona i Joan Llimona: Vida y Obra''. Ediciones de Nuevo Arte Thor, Barcelona. (1977)</ref> The work |
The sculpture can be found at The National Art Museum of Catalonia (MNAC).<ref>Llimona, Mercè ''Escales. Josep Llimona i Joan Llimona: Vida y Obra''. Ediciones de Nuevo Arte Thor, Barcelona. (1977)</ref> The work earned a [[gold medal]] in the ''V Exposition of Fine Arts of Barcelona'' in 1907. That same year, a photograph of the work was published in the catalog of the ''International Exhibit of Art'' in Barcelona. In 1909, ''Desolation'' was purchased by Barcelona's Major Domènec Sanllehy who donated the statue to The [[Museum of Modern Art of Barcelona]]. The statue was later moved to the Modern Art gallery of The National Museum of Contemporary Art of Catalonia.<ref>Llimona, Mercè ''Escales. Josep Llimona i Joan Llimona: Vida y Obra''. Ediciones de Nuevo Arte Thor, Barcelona. (1977)</ref> |
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== |
== Replicas == |
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In addition to the original, Josep Llimona produced replicas utilizing diverse materials.<ref>[http://art.mnac.cat/fitxatecnica.html?inventoryNumber=010861-000&lang=en MNAC Website, accessed 05 Jun 2012]</ref> The [[bronze]] replica is somewhat bigger in size than the original. It was presented at an art exhibition that commemorated the work of Josep Llimona at the Parés Salon in 1934. |
In addition to the original, Josep Llimona produced replicas utilizing diverse materials.<ref>[http://art.mnac.cat/fitxatecnica.html?inventoryNumber=010861-000&lang=en MNAC Website, accessed 05 Jun 2012]</ref> The [[bronze]] replica is somewhat bigger in size than the original. It was presented at an art exhibition that commemorated the work of Josep Llimona at the Parés Salon in 1934. The [[stone]] replica is a variation of the original, in which the female figure is clothed. The sculpture is the same size as the original and is part of a funerary monument dedicated to Mercedes Casas de Vilanova. The stone variant of ''Desolation'' can be found at the Southeast Cemetery in [[Barcelona]]. |
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In 1917 Josep Llimona produced a second [[marble]] replica, much bigger |
In 1917 Josep Llimona produced a second [[marble]] replica, much bigger than the original. It measures 78.8 cm x 68.8 cm (31.0 in x 27.1 in.) The sculpture was damaged over time and was replaced by a plaster replica produced in 1984. The sculpture is the centerpiece of a pond situated in front of the [[Parliament of Catalonia]] in the [[Ciutadella park]].<ref>[http://www.aviewoncities.com/barcelona/parcdelaciutadella.htm Parc de la Ciutadella]</ref> |
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<ref>[http://www.aviewoncities.com/barcelona/parcdelaciutadella.htm Parc de la Ciutadella]</ref> |
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A replica is located in the Kelleher Rose Garden in the [[Back Bay Fens]] in Boston. It was presented to Boston – one of [[Barcelona#Twin towns_–_sister cities|Barcelona's sister cities]] – in 1986.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.urbancultureinstitute.org/uploads/1/1/4/6/11465358/rosegarden_sarah_stonge.pdf |title=Kelleher Rose Garden |first=Sarah |last=St. Onge |publisher=Urban Culture Institute}}</ref> |
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== Analysis == |
== Analysis == |
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''Desolation'' represents a |
''Desolation'' represents a woman hiding her face in an attitude of despair, and is one of the paradigmatic works of the [[Catalan Modernism|Catalan Modernist]] movement. One of the principal points of reference for the Catalan modernist artists was the French sculptor [[Auguste Rodin]]. The artwork reflects the influence of Rodin's work ''[[Danaïdes|Danaid]]'' but with a more melancholy, chaste approach.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8oZR1FazL94 MNAC Audio Guide for Desolation by Josep Llimona]</ref> The similarities between Llimona's ''Desconsol'' and Rodin’s ''Danaid'' lie primarily in the modeling technique used by the artist, the composition of the figure, and the thoughtful use of light and shadow.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.miguelangelbetancur.com/blog/index.php/2008/09/21/josep-llimona-el-desconsol |title=El Desconsol |access-date=2012-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526024729/http://www.miguelangelbetancur.com/blog/index.php/2008/09/21/josep-llimona-el-desconsol |archive-date=2013-05-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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Llimona's masterful work arises from a block of stone, but the softness and roundness of its forms contrasts strongly with the roughness of the material. The female figure evokes contained melancholy that can be perceived subtly; her pose hides much of the inner world of the character. Her face, |
Llimona's masterful work arises from a block of stone, but the softness and roundness of its forms contrasts strongly with the roughness of the material. The female figure evokes contained melancholy that can be perceived subtly; her pose hides much of the inner world of the character. Her face, concealed by a thick veil of hair, is known only to her and Llimona. Only the gesture of the hands, gracing the stone, provide a trace of life to the sculpture.<ref>[http://www.barcelonaturisme.com Barcelona Tourism]</ref>{{failed verification|date=July 2023}} |
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== References == |
== References == |
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== Further reading == |
== Further reading == |
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* ''Sculpture Guide Barcelona'' (English, Catalan and Spanish Edition) by Eduardo Tolosa and D. Romani ( |
* ''Sculpture Guide Barcelona'' (English, Catalan and Spanish Edition) by Eduardo Tolosa and D. Romani (Jul 17, 2009) |
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* ''Catalan Art: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting from the Ninth to the Fifteenth Centuries'' by Christian Zervos, ed. (1937) |
* ''Catalan Art: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting from the Ninth to the Fifteenth Centuries'' by Christian Zervos, ed. (1937) |
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* ''Joan Llimona (1860-1926), Josep Llimona (1864-1932): Museu Nacional D'Art de Catalunya'', Barcelona, 7 D'Octubre-14 de Novembre de 2004. Joan Llimona (1860-1926), Josep Llimona (1864-1932): Museu Nacional D'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 7 D'Octubre-14 de Novembre de 2004 |
* ''Joan Llimona (1860-1926), Josep Llimona (1864-1932): Museu Nacional D'Art de Catalunya'', Barcelona, 7 D'Octubre-14 de Novembre de 2004. Joan Llimona (1860-1926), Josep Llimona (1864-1932): Museu Nacional D'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 7 D'Octubre-14 de Novembre de 2004 |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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{{commons category|Escultura Desconsol}} |
{{commons category|Escultura Desconsol (MNAC)}} |
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* [http://art.mnac.cat/fitxatecnica.html;jsessionid=e6e1101fb4db40d47dd40fe411614a7c203dcff0abf74be69bdd5857afb30d83?inventoryNumber=010861-000 The artwork commented at the Museum's website] |
* [http://art.mnac.cat/fitxatecnica.html;jsessionid=e6e1101fb4db40d47dd40fe411614a7c203dcff0abf74be69bdd5857afb30d83?inventoryNumber=010861-000 The artwork commented at the Museum's website] |
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⚫ | |||
* [http://www.googleartproject.com/collection/museu-nacional-dart-de-catalunya/artwork/desolation-josep-llimona/573530/ Desconsol Google Art Project] |
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{{MNAC}} |
{{MNAC}} |
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[[Category:1907 sculptures]] |
[[Category:1907 sculptures]] |
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[[Category:Sculptures |
[[Category:Sculptures in the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya]] |
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[[Category:Stone sculptures]] |
[[Category:Stone sculptures in Spain]] |
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[[Category:Modernisme sculpture]] |
[[Category:Modernisme sculpture]] |
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[[Category:Nude sculptures]] |
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[[Category:Sculptures of women in Spain]] |
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[[ca:Desconsol]] |
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[[es:Desconsuelo]] |
Latest revision as of 01:32, 18 November 2023
This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. (July 2012) |
Desolation | |
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Artist | Josep Llimona |
Year | 1907 |
Type | sculpture |
Dimensions | 66.4 cm × 78.8 cm (26.1 in × 31.0 in) |
Location | Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona |
Desolation is a sculpture that was crafted by Josep Llimona in 1907, which now resides in the National Art Museum of Catalonia in Barcelona.[1]
Background
[edit]Llimona, of the Catalan Modernism school of sculpture, joined the Symbolism movement during the first few years of the 20th century after adopting an idealism deeply rooted in his religious convictions. Llimona contributed to the founding of the Artistic Circle of Sant Lluc, which intended to preserve art from the perceived excesses of contemporary artists. Female nudes were prohibited by the Circle's initial statutes, and Llimona created Desolation after the prohibition was lifted. The work was exhibited for the first time in 1907 and aims to communicate feelings that reflect a deep humanity through a naked female figure.
Desolation, an example of Modernisme sculpture, represents the formal traits of Symbolism as adopted by prominent Catalan sculptors of the day. These traits include undulating lines and softened contours, features that derive from The Danaide by Auguste Rodin. Critics have said that a notable difference exists between the resigned, melancholic and chaste attitude of Desolation and the vitality, strength and sensuality of Rodin's work. With Desolation, Llimona utilised his process of sculptural renewal, while also aiming to exemplify the Symbolist aesthetic of Catalan Modernism.[2][3][4]
Description
[edit]Desolation is a nude version of a figure produced for a burial vault in the Montjuic Cemetery.[5] The sculpture´s measurements are 67 cm x 76 cm x 67 cm (26.4 in x 29.9 in x 31.5 in).[6]
The sculpture belongs to a group of works created specifically for new pantheons built during the early 1900s. Artists created sculptures of angels, or Virtues, that included women overcome by the weight of their grief and allegorical figures reflecting feelings such as despair, grief, or resignation. The artists aimed to capture feeling, rather than beauty. Typical characteristics of these works are languid, bowed female figures with long hair dressed in flowing tunics. Although this style wasn't adopted in all the works, female figures predominate, and their formal characteristics passed into the artistic language used by modernist sculptors in the works they produced for collectors, which discarded the funerary elements of the originals.[7]
The most notable characteristic of Desolation is the ease with which it transmits inner emotions. The hermetic and mysterious nature the sculpture evokes has to do with its posture. The hidden gaze, the closed composition of the body, and its curved contours seem to enclose the figure within its own silence.[8][9]
History
[edit]The sculpture can be found at The National Art Museum of Catalonia (MNAC).[10] The work earned a gold medal in the V Exposition of Fine Arts of Barcelona in 1907. That same year, a photograph of the work was published in the catalog of the International Exhibit of Art in Barcelona. In 1909, Desolation was purchased by Barcelona's Major Domènec Sanllehy who donated the statue to The Museum of Modern Art of Barcelona. The statue was later moved to the Modern Art gallery of The National Museum of Contemporary Art of Catalonia.[11]
Replicas
[edit]In addition to the original, Josep Llimona produced replicas utilizing diverse materials.[12] The bronze replica is somewhat bigger in size than the original. It was presented at an art exhibition that commemorated the work of Josep Llimona at the Parés Salon in 1934. The stone replica is a variation of the original, in which the female figure is clothed. The sculpture is the same size as the original and is part of a funerary monument dedicated to Mercedes Casas de Vilanova. The stone variant of Desolation can be found at the Southeast Cemetery in Barcelona.
In 1917 Josep Llimona produced a second marble replica, much bigger than the original. It measures 78.8 cm x 68.8 cm (31.0 in x 27.1 in.) The sculpture was damaged over time and was replaced by a plaster replica produced in 1984. The sculpture is the centerpiece of a pond situated in front of the Parliament of Catalonia in the Ciutadella park.[13]
A replica is located in the Kelleher Rose Garden in the Back Bay Fens in Boston. It was presented to Boston – one of Barcelona's sister cities – in 1986.[14]
Analysis
[edit]Desolation represents a woman hiding her face in an attitude of despair, and is one of the paradigmatic works of the Catalan Modernist movement. One of the principal points of reference for the Catalan modernist artists was the French sculptor Auguste Rodin. The artwork reflects the influence of Rodin's work Danaid but with a more melancholy, chaste approach.[15] The similarities between Llimona's Desconsol and Rodin’s Danaid lie primarily in the modeling technique used by the artist, the composition of the figure, and the thoughtful use of light and shadow.[16] Llimona's masterful work arises from a block of stone, but the softness and roundness of its forms contrasts strongly with the roughness of the material. The female figure evokes contained melancholy that can be perceived subtly; her pose hides much of the inner world of the character. Her face, concealed by a thick veil of hair, is known only to her and Llimona. Only the gesture of the hands, gracing the stone, provide a trace of life to the sculpture.[17][failed verification]
References
[edit]- ^ MNAC's website
- ^ MNAC's artwork at their Online Collection
- ^ Modernismo
- ^ Danaid at the Rodin Museum
- ^ MNAC Audio Guide for Desolation by Josep Llimona
- ^ Desconsol by M.Carme Aranda
- ^ Doñate, Mercè. Modernisme in the MNAC Collections. Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya and Lunwerg, Spain 2012.
- ^ History of beauty-Desconsol Archived 2012-02-14 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
- ^ Symbolism- Art History
- ^ Llimona, Mercè Escales. Josep Llimona i Joan Llimona: Vida y Obra. Ediciones de Nuevo Arte Thor, Barcelona. (1977)
- ^ Llimona, Mercè Escales. Josep Llimona i Joan Llimona: Vida y Obra. Ediciones de Nuevo Arte Thor, Barcelona. (1977)
- ^ MNAC Website, accessed 05 Jun 2012
- ^ Parc de la Ciutadella
- ^ St. Onge, Sarah. "Kelleher Rose Garden" (PDF). Urban Culture Institute.
- ^ MNAC Audio Guide for Desolation by Josep Llimona
- ^ "El Desconsol". Archived from the original on 2013-05-26. Retrieved 2012-06-10.
- ^ Barcelona Tourism
Further reading
[edit]- Sculpture Guide Barcelona (English, Catalan and Spanish Edition) by Eduardo Tolosa and D. Romani (Jul 17, 2009)
- Catalan Art: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting from the Ninth to the Fifteenth Centuries by Christian Zervos, ed. (1937)
- Joan Llimona (1860-1926), Josep Llimona (1864-1932): Museu Nacional D'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 7 D'Octubre-14 de Novembre de 2004. Joan Llimona (1860-1926), Josep Llimona (1864-1932): Museu Nacional D'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, 7 D'Octubre-14 de Novembre de 2004
- Josep Llimona y Joan Llimona: Vida y obra (Spanish Edition) by Merce Escalas Llimona (Unknown Binding - 1977)