Punta Nati Lighthouse: Difference between revisions

Punta Nati Lighthouse
Location	Punta Nati; Menorca; Spain
Coordinates	40°03′01″N 3°49′25″E / 40.050229°N 3.823542°E
Tower
Constructed	1913
Construction	stone
Height	19 metres (62 ft)
Shape	octagonal stone tower with balcony and lantern
Power source	mains electricity
Light
Focal height	42 metres (138 ft)
Range	18 nautical miles (33 km; 21 mi)
Characteristic	Fl (3+1) W 20s.

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The Punta Nati Lighthouse is an active aid to navigation located on the rocky north western coast of the Spanish island of Menorca.

The lighthouse was built following demands from the French authorities to light the northern coast of the island. This was primarily in response to the sinking of the French steamship Général Chanzy nearby in 1910, during which 156 passengers and crew lost their lives. Designed by the engineer Mauro Serret, Punta Nati was constructed rapidly in just over a year, it became operational in 1913, and was fully completed in 1914.

The loss of the Général Chanzy was the catalyst for building the light, but a number of other shipwrecks had also occurred in the area despite the presence of the lighthouse at Cavalleria, which was completed in 1857. Construction of a third lighthouse on the northern coast at Favàritx began in 1917, which was also designed by Serret.^[1]

Loss of the Général Chanzy

Named after the famous French general Antoine Chanzy, the steamship was a packet boat that sailed a regular route from Marseille to Algiers, and was part of the CGT or French line. It left the French port of Marseille on the 9 February 1910, but was caught in a storm whilst passing through the Menorca straight. Due to the poor conditions many passengers came on deck including Marcel Bodez^{[note 1]} a French customs clerk who was the only survivor. He jumped overboard wearing a lifejacket when the ship struck rocks, and witnessed the loss of the ship when it broke up as a result of the boilers exploding.^[2]^[3]

Washed against the foot of a steep cliff, the injured Bodez found a cave in which to shelter as the flotsam from the wreck came ashore. By the next day the storm had subsided enough that he was able to climb the steep cliffs and made his way inland until he found a local islander. Unable to converse due to the language difference, he had to explain it through drawings using charcoal. He was then taken to the nearby town of Ciutadella to recuperate, from where a recovery operation was initiated to retrieve the many bodies of those drowned in the disaster that had come ashore.^[4]^[5]^[3]

Memorials

There are a number of memorials commemorating the loss of the General Chanzy, one is a simple cross on top of a cairn not far from the lighthouse.^[6]

Located within the old cemetery in Ciutadella, is another more elaborate memorial. Completed in 1911, it features a large statue of an angel with a stone plaque depicting the ship. It was funded by donations from the people of Menorca and the CGT shipping company. In 1917, the remains of twelve unidentified victims were interred in the cemetery.^[7]

A third memorial was built in the grounds of Chateau Danem, designed by the architect Georges Wybo it commemorates the loss of a number of French cabaret artists who were victims of the shipwreck.^[8]

Operation

The lighthouse has a 19-metre-high (62 ft) stone tower, flanked by two keepers’ houses, set within a walled compound. With a focal height of 42 metres above sea level, the light which displays a three plus one pattern of white flashes in 20 seconds has a nominal range of 18 nautical miles.^[1]

It marks the eastern side of the Menorca Channel, a strait that separates Majorca and Menorca.^[9]^[10] The rocky northern coast of Menorca has been the site of many shipwrecks, these losses continuing despite the construction of the Cavalleria Lighthouse in 1857.^[11] Although the loss of the General Chanzy was the spur for the lighthouse, other wrecks of that time included the Ville de Rome in 1898 and the Isaac Pereire in 1906, both of which also belonged to the CGT line.^[12]^[13]

The lighthouse is operated and maintained by the Port Authority of the Balearic Islands, and is registered under the international Admiralty number E0348 and has the NGA identifier of 113–5220.^[10]

Location

The Camí de Cavalls a long-distance footpath that circumnavigates the island, passes along the coast near to the lighthouse. It marks the end of the stage from Ciutadella and the start of the next section to Cala Morell.^[6] Close to where the path crosses the road to the lighthouse, a car park has been built. Visitors can then walk 1 km towards the lighthouse, although the tower and compound are not accessible to the public^[14]^[10]

Adjacent to the lighthouse, overlooking the sea, is a cluster of defensive bunkers from the Spanish Civil War, which have been constructed in the form of sheep refuges or barracas.^[6]

Général Chanzy Memorial in the old Ciutadella cemetery
View of the bunkers and lighthouse
Rear elevation view
Narrow road to the lighthouse
Cliffs at the lighthouse

Notes

^ Also reported as Marcel Badez

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Punta Nati Lighthouse". Balearic Lighthouses. Port Authority of Balearic Islands. Archived from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
^ ^a ^b "The Général Chanzy's story – The Survival". generalchanzy.com. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Journal l'Humanité". BnF (Gallica). 13 February 1910. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Disasters at Sea – French Liner Wrecked". Glamorgan Gazette. National Library of Wales. 18 February 1910. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Punta Nati". Menorca.org. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Paddy Dillon (17 October 2013). Walking in Menorca: 16 day and 2 multi-day routes. Cicerone Press Limited. pp. 226–. ISBN 978-1-78362-001-2.
^ ^a ^b "The Général Chanzy's story – The Monument". generalchanzy.com. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Monument aux artistes victimes du naufrage du paquebot général chanzy". Groupe Rissois d'Histoire Locale. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b Ana G. López Martín (14 August 2010). International Straits: Concept, Classification and Rules of Passage. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 102–. ISBN 978-3-642-12906-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Spain: Balearic Islands". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
^ ^a ^b "Cavalleria Lighthouse". Balearic Lighthouses. Port Authority of Balearic Islands. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Favaritx Lighthouse". Balearic Lighthouses. Port Authority of Balearic Islands. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b "The Lighthouses of Menorca". Discovering Menorca. descobreixmenorca.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Punta Nati Parking" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

External links

Comisión de faros Archived 4 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Balearic Lighthouses

[2] Also reported as Marcel Badez

[fars-1] "Punta Nati Lighthouse". Balearic Lighthouses. Port Authority of Balearic Islands. Archived from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2014.

[GCS-3] "The Général Chanzy's story – The Survival". generalchanzy.com. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

[JLH-4] "Journal l'Humanité". BnF (Gallica). 13 February 1910. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

[Glgz-5] "Disasters at Sea – French Liner Wrecked". Glamorgan Gazette. National Library of Wales. 18 February 1910. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

[Menorca-6] "Punta Nati". Menorca.org. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

[Dillon-7] Paddy Dillon (17 October 2013). Walking in Menorca: 16 day and 2 multi-day routes. Cicerone Press Limited. pp. 226–. ISBN 978-1-78362-001-2.

[GCM-8] "The Général Chanzy's story – The Monument". generalchanzy.com. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

[GRHL-9] "Monument aux artistes victimes du naufrage du paquebot général chanzy". Groupe Rissois d'Histoire Locale. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

[Martin2010-10] Ana G. López Martín (14 August 2010). International Straits: Concept, Classification and Rules of Passage. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 102–. ISBN 978-3-642-12906-3.

[rowlett-11] Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Spain: Balearic Islands". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

[farscav-12] "Cavalleria Lighthouse". Balearic Lighthouses. Port Authority of Balearic Islands. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

[farsfav-13] "Favaritx Lighthouse". Balearic Lighthouses. Port Authority of Balearic Islands. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

[desc-14] "The Lighthouses of Menorca". Discovering Menorca. descobreixmenorca.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2014.

[google-15] "Punta Nati Parking" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

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[note 1]

[2]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Lighthouse on the island of Menorca, Spain}}
-{{Infobox lighthouse
+{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
+{{Infobox lighthouse
 | name            = Punta Nati Lighthouse
-| image_name      = Faro Punta Nati JGT.jpg
+| image           = Faro Punta Nati JGT.jpg
 | image_width     =
-| caption         = Punta Nati Lighthouse
+| caption         =
-| location        = Punta Nati<br> [[Menorca]]<br>[[Spain]]
+| location        = Punta Nati<br /> [[Menorca]]<br />[[Spain]]
-| pushpin_map     = Spain Balearic Islands
-| pushpin_map_caption = Balearic Islands
-| pushpin         = lighthouse
-| pushpin_label_position = left
 | coordinates     = {{coord|40.050229|3.823542|display=inline,title}}
+| yearbuilt       = 1913
-| coordinates_footnotes =
-| yearbuilt       = 1911
 | yearlit         =
 | automated       =
 | yeardeactivated =
 | foundation      =
-| construction    = stone tower
+| construction    =
-| shape           = octagonal tower with balcony and lantern
+| shape           = octagonal stone tower with balcony and lantern
-| marking         = unpainted stone tower, grey lantern
+| marking         =
 | height          = {{convert|19|m}}
 | focalheight     = {{convert|42|m}}
 | lens            =
 | currentlens     =
-| lightsource     = mains power
 | intensity       =
 | range           = {{convert|18|nmi}}
-| characteristic  = Fl (4) W 20s.
+| characteristic  = Fl (3+1) W 20s.
 | fogsignal       =
 | racon           =
-| admiralty       = E0348
+| country         =
-| canada          =
+| countrynumber   =
-| NGA             = 113-5220
+| countrylink     =
-| ARLHS           = BAL-026
+| managingagent   =
-| USCG            =
+| heritage        =
-| country         = Spain
-| countrynumber   =  ES-36680
-| countrylink     =
-| managingagent   = Comisión de faros<ref>[https://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/blc.htm  Punta Nati] ''The Lighthouse Directory''. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved March 26, 2016</ref>
-| heritage        =
 }}
+The '''Punta Nati Lighthouse''' is an active aid to navigation located on the rocky north western coast of the Spanish island of [[Menorca]].
-The '''Punta Nati Lighthouse''' is an active [[lighthouse]] on the Spanish island of [[Menorca]].<ref name=fars>{{cite web| url =http://www.farsdebalears.org/en/faros-lighthouses-balears/faros-lighthouses-balears-faros-menorca/faros-lighthouses-balears-punta-nati/ |work= Balearic Lighthouses  | title= Punta Nati Lighthouse    |publisher= Port Authority of Balearic Islands   | accessdate= 20 September 2014}}</ref><ref name=rowlett>{{cite rowlett|blc}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =http://menorca-live.com/menorcas-shining-lights/|work= Museums & Lighthouses  | title= Menorcas Shining Lights    |publisher= Menorca-live.com   | accessdate= 20 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.descobreixmenorca.com/en/category/lighthouses/ |work= Discovering Menorca  | title= The Lighthouses of Menorca    |publisher= descobreixmenorca.com   | accessdate= 20 September 2014}}</ref>
-{{Lighthouses of Menorca map}}
+The lighthouse was built following demands from the French authorities to light the northern coast of the island. This was primarily in response to the sinking of the French steamship ''Général Chanzy'' nearby in 1910, during which 156 passengers and crew lost their lives. Designed by the engineer Mauro Serret, Punta Nati was constructed rapidly in just over a year, it became operational in 1913, and was fully completed in 1914.
-==See also==
-{{stack|{{Portal|Spain}}}}
+The loss of the ''Général Chanzy'' was the catalyst for building the light, but a number of other shipwrecks had also occurred in the area despite the presence of the lighthouse at [[Sanisera#Cavalleria lighthouse and shipwrecks|Cavalleria]], which was completed in 1857. Construction of a third lighthouse on the northern coast at [[Favàritx Lighthouse|Favàritx]] began in 1917, which was also designed by Serret.<ref name=fars/>
+==Loss of the Général Chanzy==
+Named after the famous French general [[Antoine Chanzy]], the steamship was a packet boat that sailed a regular route from Marseille to Algiers, and was part of the [[Compagnie Générale Transatlantique|CGT]] or French line. It left the French port of Marseille on the 9 February 1910, but was caught in a storm whilst passing through the Menorca straight.
+Due to the poor conditions many passengers came on deck including Marcel Bodez<ref group=note>Also reported as Marcel Badez</ref> a French customs clerk who was the only survivor. He jumped overboard wearing a lifejacket when the ship struck rocks, and witnessed the loss of the ship when it broke up as a result of the boilers exploding.<ref name=GCS/><ref name=JLH/>
+Washed against the foot of a steep cliff, the injured Bodez found a cave in which to shelter as the flotsam from the wreck came ashore. By the next day the storm had subsided enough that he was able to climb the steep cliffs and made his way inland until he found a local islander. Unable to converse due to the language difference, he had to explain it through drawings using charcoal. He was then taken to the nearby town of [[Ciutadella de Menorca|Ciutadella]] to recuperate, from where a recovery operation was initiated to retrieve the many bodies of those drowned in the disaster that had come ashore.<ref name=Glgz/><ref name=Menorca/><ref name=JLH/>
+==Memorials==
+[[File:Memorial Cross - Punta Nati 2.jpg|thumb|Memorial stone cross with the lighthouse on the horizon]]
+There are a number of memorials commemorating the loss of the General Chanzy, one is a simple cross  on top of a cairn not far from the lighthouse.<ref name=Dillon/>
+Located within the old cemetery in Ciutadella, is another more elaborate memorial. Completed in 1911, it features a large statue of an angel with a stone plaque depicting the ship. It was funded by donations from the people of Menorca and the CGT shipping company. In 1917, the remains of twelve unidentified victims were interred in the cemetery.<ref name=GCM/>
+A third memorial was built in the grounds of Chateau Danem, designed by the architect Georges Wybo it commemorates the loss of a number of French cabaret artists who were victims of the shipwreck.<ref name=GRHL/>
+==Operation==
+The lighthouse has a {{convert|19|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} stone tower, flanked by two keepers’ houses, set within a walled compound. With a focal height of 42 metres above sea level, the light which displays a three plus one pattern of white flashes in 20 seconds has a nominal range of 18 [[nautical miles]].<ref name=fars/>
+It marks the eastern side of the Menorca Channel, a [[strait]] that separates [[Majorca]] and Menorca.<ref name=Martin2010/><ref name=rowlett/> The rocky northern coast of Menorca has been the site of many shipwrecks, these losses continuing despite the construction of the Cavalleria Lighthouse in 1857.<ref name=farscav/> Although the loss of the General Chanzy was the spur for the lighthouse, other wrecks of that time included the ''Ville de Rome'' in 1898 and the ''Isaac Pereire'' in 1906, both of which also belonged to the CGT line.<ref name=farsfav/><ref name=desc/>
+The lighthouse is operated and maintained by the [[Port Authority]] of the Balearic Islands, and is registered under the international Admiralty number E0348 and has the [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|NGA]] identifier of 113–5220.<ref name=rowlett/>
+==Location==
+The [[Camí de Cavalls]] a long-distance footpath that circumnavigates the island, passes along the coast near to the lighthouse. It marks the end of the stage from Ciutadella and the start of the next section to Cala Morell.<ref name=Dillon/> Close to where the path crosses the road to the lighthouse, a car park has been built. Visitors can then walk 1&nbsp;km towards the lighthouse, although the tower and compound are not accessible to the public<ref name=google/><ref name=rowlett/>
+Adjacent to the lighthouse, overlooking the sea, is a cluster of defensive [[bunker]]s from the [[Spanish Civil War]], which have been constructed in the form of sheep refuges or barracas.<ref name=Dillon/>
+<gallery>
+File:Memorial General Chanzy - Ciutadella Cemetry.jpg|Général Chanzy Memorial in the old Ciutadella cemetery
+File:E4 Búnquers i far de la punta d'en Nati (Ciutadella).JPG|View of the bunkers and lighthouse
+File:Punta Nati Lighthouse (37377399362).jpg| Rear elevation view
+File:Punta Nati Lighthouse (23556093088).jpg|Narrow road to the lighthouse
+File:Cliff views (23556091528).jpg|Cliffs at the lighthouse
+</gallery>
+== See also ==
+{{Stack|{{Lighthouses of Menorca map}}}}
 * [[List of lighthouses in Spain]]
-*[[List of lighthouses in the Balearic Islands]]
+* [[List of lighthouses in the Balearic Islands]]
-==References==
+==Notes==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist|group=note}}
-==External links==
-{{commonscat|Far de Punta Nati}}
+== References ==
-* [http://www.puertos.es/es-es/Paginas/Comisi%C3%B3n-de-faros.aspx Comisión de faros]
+{{Reflist|refs
-* [http://www.farsdebalears.org/en/  Balearic Lighthouses]
+<ref name=fars>{{cite web |url=http://farsdebalears.com/en/punta-nati-lighthouse |work=Balearic Lighthouses |title=Punta Nati Lighthouse |publisher=Port Authority of Balearic Islands |accessdate=20 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317150802/http://farsdebalears.com/en/punta-nati-lighthouse |archive-date=17 March 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
+<ref name=GCS>{{cite web|url=http://www.generalchanzy.com/el%20superviviente_en.html |title=The Général Chanzy's story – The Survival |publisher= generalchanzy.com| accessdate= 4 July 2020}}</ref>
+<ref name=Glgz>{{cite news|url=https://newspapers.library.wales/view/3875956/3875958|work=Glamorgan Gazette|date=18 February 1910 |title=Disasters at Sea – French Liner Wrecked|publisher=National Library of Wales |accessdate=4 July 2020}}</ref>
+<ref name=Menorca>{{cite web|url=https://www.menorca.org/es/costa-de-menorca/faros/punta-nati/ |title=Punta Nati|publisher=Menorca.org|accessdate=4 July 2020}}</ref>
+<ref name=Dillon>{{cite book|author=Paddy Dillon|title=Walking in Menorca: 16 day and 2 multi-day routes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pUyVAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT226|date=17 October 2013|publisher=Cicerone Press Limited|isbn=978-1-78362-001-2|pages=226–}}</ref>
+<ref name=GCM>{{cite web|url=http://www.generalchanzy.com/El%20monumento_en.html |title=The Général Chanzy's story – The Monument |publisher= generalchanzy.com| accessdate= 4 July 2020}}</ref>
+<ref name=GRHL>{{cite web|url= http://grhl.fr/2020/01/le-naufrage-du-paquebot-general-chanzy.html |title= Monument aux artistes victimes du naufrage du paquebot général chanzy|publisher= Groupe Rissois d'Histoire Locale |accessdate=4 July 2020}}</ref>
+<ref name=JLH>{{cite web|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k252295r |title=''Journal l'Humanité'' |date=13 February 1910|publisher=BnF (Gallica) | accessdate= 4 July 2020}}</ref>
+<ref name=Martin2010>{{cite book|author=Ana G. López Martín|title=International Straits: Concept, Classification and Rules of Passage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aHTbsky9LZMC&pg=PA102|date=14 August 2010|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-12906-3|pages=102–}}</ref>
+<ref name=farscav>{{cite web |url=http://farsdebalears.com/en/cavalleria-lighthouse|work=Balearic Lighthouses |title=Cavalleria Lighthouse |publisher=Port Authority of Balearic Islands |accessdate=4 July 2020}}</ref>
+<ref name=farsfav>{{cite web |url=http://farsdebalears.com/en/fav%C3%A0ritx-lighthouse |work=Balearic Lighthouses |title=Favaritx Lighthouse |publisher=Port Authority of Balearic Islands |accessdate=4 July 2020 |archive-date=3 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703173827/http://farsdebalears.com/en/fav%C3%A0ritx-lighthouse |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+<ref name=desc>{{cite web |url=http://www.descobreixmenorca.com/en/category/lighthouses/ |work=Discovering Menorca |title=The Lighthouses of Menorca |publisher=descobreixmenorca.com |accessdate=20 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914212014/http://www.descobreixmenorca.com/en/category/lighthouses/ |archive-date=14 September 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
+<ref name=google>{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Parking+Punta+Nati/@40.0399472,3.8228134,924m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x12be05d5538e431d:0x9d037e827e3c1d29!8m2!3d40.041571!4d3.8251747?hl=en |title=Punta Nati Parking |access-date=4 July 2020}}</ref>
+<ref name=rowlett>{{cite rowlett|blc}}</ref>
+}}
+== External links ==
+{{Commons category|Far de Punta Nati}}
+* [http://www.puertos.es/es-es/Paginas/Comisi%C3%B3n-de-faros.aspx Comisión de faros] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404163348/http://www.puertos.es/es-es/Paginas/Comisi%C3%B3n-de-faros.aspx |date=4 April 2016 }}
+* [http://www.farsdebalears.org/en/ Balearic Lighthouses]
+{{Authority control}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Punta Nati Lighthouse}}
 [[Category:Lighthouses in the Balearic Islands]]
 [[Category:Buildings and structures in Menorca]]
 [[Category:Lighthouses completed in 1911]]
 [[Category:1911 establishments in Spain]]
-{{Europe-lighthouse-stub}}