Cer-Vit: Difference between revisions
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'''Cer-vit''' is a family of glass-ceramic materials that were invented by [[Owens Illinois]] in the mid-1960s. Its principle ingredients are the oxides of [[lithium]], [[aluminum]] and [[silicon]]. It is melted to form a glass which is then heat treated to nucleate and crystallize it into a material that is more than 90% microscopic crystals. Its formulation and heat treatment can be modified to produce a variety of material properties. One form is a material that is transparent and has a near zero thermal expansion. Its transparency is because the microscopic crystals are smaller than the wave length of light and are transparent, and its low thermal expansion is because they have a [[Spodumene|spodumene structure]]. |
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'''Cer-Vit''' aka '''CerVit''' or '''Cervit''' (from 'ceramic-vitreous'), is a [[glass-ceramic]] material made up of oxides of silicon, aluminium and lithium, with ultra low [[coefficient of thermal expansion]], used for telesope mirrors and lenses. It was made by [[Owens-Illinois]] [[Corning]] in 1967, and discontinued in 1978. <ref>[http://www.questarcorporation.com/start.htm Questar]</ref> Cer-Vit and Zerodur are two-phase ceramics consisting of a high percentage of crystalline silica-based material and the remainder of non-crystalline glass. These ceramics also include silica-based glasses such as [[fused quartz]], [[soda-lime glass]], and the like. <ref>[http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4433980.html Patents on Line]</ref> |
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Cer-Vit C 101 was used to form large mirror blanks ({{convert|158|in}} in diameter) that were used in telescopes in several places, including South America, France and Australia. Owens Illinois ceased production of C101 in 1978. In addition, Cer-Vit materials were used to make stove tops, cook ware and aviation applications, but never commercialized. |
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Cer-Vit was flawed by the inclusion of small bubbles (0.1-0.2mm diameter) resulting from the manufacturing process. <ref>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1986IAUS..109..275W International Astronomical Union]</ref> The use of Cervit has largely been superseded by that of [[Zerodur]] and [[Sitall]]. |
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Today, glass-ceramic products such as transparent mirror blanks and stove tops, and cookware are manufactured and in daily use. These products include trade names of Zerodor, Hercuvit, and Pyroceram, most of which have low or zero thermal expansion, which allows them to be exposed to rapid temperature changes or localized heating or cooling. |
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==Applications== |
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At [[Mount Lemmon Observatory]], two 1.5 meter diameter telescopes have a Cer-Vit glass mirror.<ref name=REP1978>{{cite journal |bibcode=1978BAAS...10...16H |title=University of Arizona, Department of Planetary Sciences/Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, Arizona. Report from 1 October 1976 to 30 September 1977 |last1=Hubbard |first1=W. B. |volume=10 |year=1978 |pages=16 |journal=Bulletin of the Astronomical Society }}</ref><ref name=REP75>{{cite journal |bibcode=1975BAAS....7..150N |title=University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Observatory report |last1=Ney |first1=E. P. |volume=7 |year=1975 |pages=150 |journal=Bulletin of the Astronomical Society }}</ref> One of the telescopes discovered [[2011 AG5]], an asteroid which achieved 1 on the [[Torino Scale]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2012-051 |title=Asteroid 2011 AG5 - A Reality Check (NASA) |access-date=2014-08-09 |archive-date=2021-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416083943/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2012-051 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==Bibliography== |
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* Structure and Characterization of Lithiumaluminalsilicate Glass and Glass Ceramics derived from Spodumene Mineral. A. Nordman, Y Cheng, T.J. Bastock, Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, Volume 7, Number 16 |
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* Glass-ceramics capture $2 million telescope-mirror contract. David H. Taeler, Ceramic Age, August 1968, Volume 84, Number 8 |
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* Transparent Glass-Ceramics G. H. Beal, D. A. Duke, Journal of Materials Science 4(1969) 140-152 |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.oldham-optical.co.uk/Glass.htm Glass Types - Oldham Optical] |
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*[https://books.google.com/books?id=V2C1yiFLBUsC&q=ow+thermal+expansion+glass+ceramics+-+Hans+Bach,+Dieter+Krause Low thermal expansion glass ceramics - Hans Bach, Dieter Krause] |
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*[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.820.370&rep=rep1&type=pdf] |
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[[Category:Glass types]] |
[[Category:Glass types]] |
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[[Category:Glass-ceramics]] |
[[Category:Glass-ceramics]] |
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[[Category:Glass trademarks and brands]] |
[[Category:Glass trademarks and brands]] |
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[[Category:Transparent materials]] |
[[Category:Transparent materials]] |
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Latest revision as of 11:25, 23 November 2023
Cer-vit is a family of glass-ceramic materials that were invented by Owens Illinois in the mid-1960s. Its principle ingredients are the oxides of lithium, aluminum and silicon. It is melted to form a glass which is then heat treated to nucleate and crystallize it into a material that is more than 90% microscopic crystals. Its formulation and heat treatment can be modified to produce a variety of material properties. One form is a material that is transparent and has a near zero thermal expansion. Its transparency is because the microscopic crystals are smaller than the wave length of light and are transparent, and its low thermal expansion is because they have a spodumene structure.
Cer-Vit C 101 was used to form large mirror blanks (158 inches (4,000 mm) in diameter) that were used in telescopes in several places, including South America, France and Australia. Owens Illinois ceased production of C101 in 1978. In addition, Cer-Vit materials were used to make stove tops, cook ware and aviation applications, but never commercialized.
Today, glass-ceramic products such as transparent mirror blanks and stove tops, and cookware are manufactured and in daily use. These products include trade names of Zerodor, Hercuvit, and Pyroceram, most of which have low or zero thermal expansion, which allows them to be exposed to rapid temperature changes or localized heating or cooling.
Applications
[edit]At Mount Lemmon Observatory, two 1.5 meter diameter telescopes have a Cer-Vit glass mirror.[1][2] One of the telescopes discovered 2011 AG5, an asteroid which achieved 1 on the Torino Scale.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Hubbard, W. B. (1978). "University of Arizona, Department of Planetary Sciences/Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, Arizona. Report from 1 October 1976 to 30 September 1977". Bulletin of the Astronomical Society. 10: 16. Bibcode:1978BAAS...10...16H.
- ^ Ney, E. P. (1975). "University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Observatory report". Bulletin of the Astronomical Society. 7: 150. Bibcode:1975BAAS....7..150N.
- ^ "Asteroid 2011 AG5 - A Reality Check (NASA)". Archived from the original on 2021-04-16. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
Bibliography
[edit]- Structure and Characterization of Lithiumaluminalsilicate Glass and Glass Ceramics derived from Spodumene Mineral. A. Nordman, Y Cheng, T.J. Bastock, Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, Volume 7, Number 16
- Glass-ceramics capture $2 million telescope-mirror contract. David H. Taeler, Ceramic Age, August 1968, Volume 84, Number 8
- Transparent Glass-Ceramics G. H. Beal, D. A. Duke, Journal of Materials Science 4(1969) 140-152
External links
[edit]
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