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{{short description|American mineralogist (1820–1906)}}
{{short description|American mineralogist (1820–1906)}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2023}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = William W. Jefferis
| name = William W. Jefferis
| image = William W. Jefferis (1820–1906), American mineralogist, curator, and banker.jpg
| image = William W. Jefferis (1820–1906), American mineralogist, curator, and banker.jpg
| birth_name = William Walter Jefferis
| birth_name = William Walter Jefferis
| birth_date = {{birth date|1820|01|12}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1820|01|12}}
| birth_place = [[West Chester, Pennsylvania]], US
| birth_place = [[West Chester, Pennsylvania]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1906|02|23|1820|01|12}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1906|02|23|1820|01|12}}
| death_place = [[New York City]], US
| death_place = [[New York City]], U.S.
| resting_place = [[Oaklands Cemetery]]
⚫
| occupation = Minerologist, curator, banker
| spouse = {{marriage|Elmira Cherrington||1881|reason=died}}
⚫
| employer = [[Bank of Chester County]]<br>[[Academy of Natural Sciences]]
| known_for = Mineral collecting
| children = 4
⚫
| occupation = {{hlist|Mineralogist|curator|banker}}
⚫
| employer = [[Bank of Chester County]]<br>[[Academy of Natural Sciences]]
| known_for = Mineral collecting
}}
}}


'''William Walter Jefferis''' (January 12, 1820 – February 23, 1906) was an American [[Mineralogy|minerologist]] and curator of the William S. Vaux Collection of minerals and artifacts at the [[Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University|Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences]] from 1883 to 1898. He personally collected and cataloged 35,000 mineral specimens, which he sold to the [[Carnegie Museum of Natural History]] in 1905.
'''William Walter Jefferis''' (January 12, 1820 – February 23, 1906) was an American [[Mineralogy|mineralogist]] and curator of the William S. Vaux Collection of minerals and artifacts at the [[Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University|Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences]] from 1883 to 1898. He personally collected and cataloged 35,000 mineral specimens, which he sold to the [[Carnegie Museum of Natural History]] in 1905.


== Life and career ==
== Life and career ==
Jefferis was born on January 20, 1820, in [[West Chester, Pennsylvania]]. He was the second child and eldest son of seven children born to Horatio Townsend Jefferis and Hannah (Paul) Jefferis. His father worked as a teller for the [[Bank of Chester County]], and the family lived on downtown High Street. He attended the West Chester Academy under Jonathan Gause.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Thomson |first=W. W. |url=http://archive.org/details/chestercountyits00thoms |title=Chester County and Its People |publisher=The Union History Company |year=1898 |location=Chicago |pages=150, 624–625 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Savage |first=Letitia |date=Spring 1981 |title=The Jefferis Collection: A Pennsylvania Treasure |url=https://paheritage.wpengine.com/article/jefferis-collection-pennsylvania-treasure/ |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
Jefferis was born in [[West Chester, Pennsylvania]], on January 12, 1820. He was the second child and eldest son of seven children born to Horatio Townsend Jefferis and Hannah (Paul) Jefferis. His father worked as a teller for the [[Bank of Chester County]], and the family lived on downtown High Street. He attended the West Chester Academy under Jonathan Gause.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Thomson |first=W. W. |url=http://archive.org/details/chestercountyits00thoms |title=Chester County and Its People |publisher=The Union History Company |year=1898 |location=Chicago |pages=150, 624–625 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Savage |first=Letitia |date=Spring 1981 |title=The Jefferis Collection: A Pennsylvania Treasure |url=https://paheritage.wpengine.com/article/jefferis-collection-pennsylvania-treasure/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220190343/https://paheritage.wpengine.com/article/jefferis-collection-pennsylvania-treasure/ |archive-date=2022-12-20 |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>


Jefferis joined his father's bank as a clerk in 1843. He rose through the ranks and eventually worked as cashier (second in charge) at the Bank of Chester County from November 1, 1857 to June 3, 1883, succeeding [[David Townsend (botanist)|David]] and [[Washington Townsend]]. Notably, he settled the affairs of West Chester's Bank of Brandywine, which opened its doors in 1871 and failed in 1875 due to the [[Panic of 1873]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Futhey |first=John Smith |url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924005813518 |title=History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, with Genealogical and Biographical Sketches |last2=Cope |first2=Gilbert |publisher=L. H. Everts |year=1881 |location=Philadelphia |pages=278, 389 |language=en-US}}</ref> He was serving as a warden of the Episcopolian Church of the Holy Trinity of West Chester in 1881.<ref name=":3" />
Jefferis joined his father's bank as a clerk in 1843. He rose through the ranks and eventually worked as cashier (second in charge) at the Bank of Chester County from November 1, 1857, to June 3, 1883, succeeding [[David Townsend (botanist)|David]] and [[Washington Townsend]]. Notably, he settled the affairs of West Chester's Bank of Brandywine, which opened its doors in 1871 and failed in 1875 due to the [[Panic of 1873]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=Futhey |first1=John Smith |url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924005813518 |title=History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, with Genealogical and Biographical Sketches |last2=Cope |first2=Gilbert |publisher=L. H. Everts |year=1881 |location=Philadelphia |pages=278, 389 |language=en-US}}</ref> He was serving as a warden of the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopalian]] Church of the Holy Trinity in West Chester as of 1881.<ref name=":3" />


In 1883, Jefferis retired from the bank after forty years of service and moved to Philadelphia.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Burham |first=Smith |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100475437 |title=First Hundred Years of the National Bank of Chester County, West Chester, Pennsylvania |publisher=Printed by Innes & Sons |year=1914 |location=Philadelphia |pages=46 |language=en-US}}</ref> He traveled twice to England and Continental Europe, touring museums and conferring with European naturalists. He accepted the position of curator in charge of the William S. Vaux Collection of mineral specimens and archaeological artifacts at the [[Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University|Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences]].<ref name=":0" /> He retired in 1898 and died in [[New York City]] on February 23, 1906, at the age of 86.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=1906-02-25 |title=Obituary William Walter Jefferis |pages=4 |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/106464779/obituary-william-walter-jefferis/ |access-date=2022-12-19}}</ref>
In 1883, Jefferis retired from the bank after forty years of service and moved to Philadelphia.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Burham |first=Smith |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100475437 |title=First Hundred Years of the National Bank of Chester County, West Chester, Pennsylvania |publisher=Printed by Innes & Sons |year=1914 |location=Philadelphia |pages=46 |language=en-US}}</ref> He traveled twice to England and Continental Europe, touring museums and conferring with European naturalists. He accepted the position of curator in charge of the [[William Sansom Vaux|William S. Vaux]] Collection of mineral specimens and archaeological artifacts at the [[Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University|Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences]],<ref name=":0" /> of which he was elected a member in 1882.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1838-11-21 |title=List of the Members of the American Philosophical Society |url=http://archive.org/details/proceedingsofame27ameruoft |journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society |language=en-US |pages=181}}</ref> He was elected vice director of the academy's Mineralogical and Geological Section in 1899.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1899 |title=Report of the Mineralogical and Geological Section |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4062366 |journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=547–548 |jstor=4062366 |issn=0097-3157}}</ref> He retired in 1898 and died in [[New York City]] on February 23, 1906, at the age of 86.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=1906-02-25 |title=Obituary William Walter Jefferis |pages=4 |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/106464779/obituary-william-walter-jefferis/ |url-status=live |access-date=2022-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220190554/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/106464779/obituary-william-walter-jefferis/ |archive-date=2022-12-20}}</ref>


His remains were interred at the [[Oaklands Cemetery]] in [[West Goshen Township, Pennsylvania|West Goshen Township]], just outside West Chester.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chester County PAGenWeb Archives |url=http://usgwarchives.net/pa/chester/oaklands.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220190658/http://usgwarchives.net/pa/chester/oaklands.htm |archive-date=2022-12-20 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=usgwarchives.net}}</ref> He was married to Elmira Cherrington (1818–1881) and had four children: Emma Clara, Alonzo Potter, William Alger, and Elsie Louise.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Walter JEFFERIS/Elmira CHERRINGTON |url=https://www.pennock.ws/fam/fam59889.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220190737/https://www.pennock.ws/fam/fam59889.html |archive-date=2022-12-20 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=www.pennock.ws}}</ref>
His remains were interred at the [[Oaklands Cemetery]] in [[West Goshen Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania|West Goshen Township]], just outside West Chester.


== Minerology ==
== Mineralogy ==
After picking up his first mineral specimen in 1837, Jefferies joined the Cabinet of Natural Science (West Chester's scientific organization), befriended leading local naturalists such as [[William Darlington]] and Lewis White Williams, and collected mineral specimens from the quarries and mines of the region. He exchanged specimens with other collectors and scientists in New York, Britain, and continental Europe. Notable American correspondents included [[Benjamin Silliman]], [[George Jarvis Brush|George Brush]], and [[James Dwight Dana|James Dana]], to whose ''System of Mineralogy'' he contributed. Over the decades, Jefferis acquired and carefully cataloged 35,000 mineral specimens, including a type of [[vermiculite]] named ''Jefferisite'' in his honor<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McKinstry |first=Hugh E. |date=1916 |title=The Minerals of Brinton's Quarry, Chester County, Pa. |url=http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM1/AM1_57.pdf |journal=The American Minerologist |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=60}}</ref> and a unique specimen of [[brucite]] from [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> He frequently lent his specimens to museums and scholars. Jefferis was considered "one of the fore­most mineral collectors in the United States," and his collection was "considered at the time to be the most spectacular array of minerals assembled by a private collector."<ref name=":0" />
After picking up his first mineral specimen in 1837, Jefferies joined the Cabinet of Natural Science (West Chester's scientific organization), befriended leading naturalists in the area such as [[William Darlington]] and Lewis White Williams, and collected mineral specimens from the quarries and mines of the region. He exchanged specimens with other collectors and scientists in New York, Britain, and continental Europe. Notable U.S. correspondents included [[Benjamin Silliman]], [[George Jarvis Brush|George Brush]], and [[James Dwight Dana|James Dana]], to whose ''System of Mineralogy'' he contributed specimens for illustration.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Jefferis, William W. (1820-1906) |url=https://mineralogicalrecord.com/biographies_labels/jefferiswilliam-w/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220190927/https://mineralogicalrecord.com/biographies_labels/jefferiswilliam-w/ |archive-date=2022-12-20 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Mineralogical Record Biographical & Label Archive |language=en-US}}</ref> Over the decades, Jefferis acquired and meticulously cataloged up to 35,000 mineral specimens, including a novel type of [[vermiculite]] that Brush named ''Jefferisite'' in his honor<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=McKinstry |first=Hugh E. |date=1916 |title=The Minerals of Brinton's Quarry, Chester County, Pa. |url=http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM1/AM1_57.pdf |url-status=live |journal=The American Mineralogist |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=60 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220190941/http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM1/AM1_57.pdf |archive-date=2022-12-20}}</ref> and a distinctive specimen of [[brucite]] from [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> He frequently loaned his specimens to museums and scholars. Jefferis was "one of the foremost mineral collectors in the United States," and his collection was "considered at the time to be the most spectacular array of minerals assembled by a private collector."<ref name=":0" /> Historian Robert Gangewere called it "one of the finest private mineralogical collections available."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gangewere |first=Robert J. |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hjs27 |title=Palace of Culture: Andrew Carnegie's Museums and Library in Pittsburgh |publisher=[[University of Pittsburgh Press]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8229-4397-6 |pages=191 |doi=10.2307/j.ctt5hjs27 |jstor=j.ctt5hjs27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Curator David Seaman wrote that "the Jefferis Collection was the dominant motive of Mr. Jefferis' life for more than sixty years," being one of the four finest in the country.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seaman |first=David M. |date=June 1948 |title=The New Mineral Hall |url=http://archive.org/details/sim_carnegie_1948-06_22_1 |journal=Carnegie Magazine |language=en-US |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=18}}</ref>


In December 1905, Jefferis put his collection up for auction. Several collectors and institutions entered bids, and philanthropist [[Andrew Carnegie]] paid $20,000 to acquire the collection, which he donated to the [[Carnegie Museum of Natural History]]. When packed, the collection filled two [[Boxcar|boxcars]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2016-02-19 |title=William W. Jefferis |url=https://paconservationheritage.org/stories/william-w-jefferis/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Pennsylvania Conservation Heritage Project |language=en}}</ref> It remained on exhibit at the Carnegie Museum for almost forty years before space limitations put the collection into storage for thirty years. In September 1980, the [[Hillman Hall of Minerals and Gems]] opened to the public, showcasing many of the specimens collected by Jefferis as well as other minerals gathered from around the world. Ninety percent of the specimens in the Hillman Hall's Pennsylvania exhibit room came from his personal collection, and twelve thousand items from Jefferis's collection remain in the Carnegie Museum's holdings.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Duda |first=Kathryn M. |date=November-December 1996 |title=A Gem of a Mineral Collection |url=https://carnegiemuseums.org/magazine-archive/1996/novdec/feat1.htm |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh}}</ref>
In December 1904, Jefferis put his collection up for auction. Several collectors and institutions entered bids, and philanthropist [[Andrew Carnegie]] paid $20,000 to acquire the collection, which he donated to the [[Carnegie Museum of Natural History]].<ref name=":5" /> When packed, the collection needed two [[boxcar]]s for its rail transport to [[Pittsburgh]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2016-02-19 |title=William W. Jefferis |url=https://paconservationheritage.org/stories/william-w-jefferis/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220191150/https://paconservationheritage.org/stories/william-w-jefferis/ |archive-date=2022-12-20 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Pennsylvania Conservation Heritage Project |language=en}}</ref> It remained on exhibit at the Carnegie Museum for almost forty years before space limitations put the collection into storage for thirty years. In September 1980, the [[Hillman Hall of Minerals and Gems]] opened to the public, showcasing many of the specimens collected by Jefferis as well as other minerals gathered from around the world. Ninety percent of the specimens in the Hillman Hall's Pennsylvania exhibit room came from his personal collection, and twelve thousand items from Jefferis's collection remain in the Carnegie Museum's holdings.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Duda |first=Kathryn M. |date=November–December 1996 |title=A Gem of a Mineral Collection |url=https://carnegiemuseums.org/magazine-archive/1996/novdec/feat1.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220191223/https://carnegiemuseums.org/magazine-archive/1996/novdec/feat1.htm |archive-date=2022-12-20 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh}}</ref>


In addition to his collecting activities, Jefferis taught minerology for one year at the [[West Chester University|West Chester State Normal School]]. He was later appointed a professor emeritus at the school. He authored one book, ''Minerals of Chester County'', published in 1864.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0" />
In addition to his collecting activities, Jefferis taught mineralogy for one year at the [[West Chester University|West Chester State Normal School]] while continuing to work at his bank. He was later appointed a professor emeritus at the school. He authored one book, ''Minerals of Chester County'', published in 1864.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0" /> With Theodore D. Rand and J. T. M. Cardeza, he coauthored an article, "Mineral Localities of Philadelphia and Vicinity," published in the ''Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia'' in 1892.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rand |first1=Theodore D. |last2=Jefferis |first2=William W. |last3=Cardeza |first3=J. T. M. |date=1892 |title=Mineral Localities of Philadelphia and Vicinity |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4061866 |journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia |volume=44 |pages=174–202 |jstor=4061866 |issn=0097-3157}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:People from West Chester, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:People from West Chester, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:West Chester University faculty]]
[[Category:West Chester University faculty]]
[[Category:Burials at Oaklands Cemetery]]

Latest revision as of 05:18, 28 November 2023

William W. Jefferis
Born
William Walter Jefferis

(1820-01-12)January 12, 1820
West Chester, Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedFebruary 23, 1906(1906-02-23) (aged 86)
New York City, U.S.
Resting placeOaklands Cemetery
Occupations
  • Mineralogist
  • curator
  • banker
Employer(s)Bank of Chester County
Academy of Natural Sciences
Known forMineral collecting
Spouse
Elmira Cherrington
​
(died 1881)​
Children4

William Walter Jefferis (January 12, 1820 – February 23, 1906) was an American mineralogist and curator of the William S. Vaux Collection of minerals and artifacts at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences from 1883 to 1898. He personally collected and cataloged 35,000 mineral specimens, which he sold to the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in 1905.

Life and career

[edit]

Jefferis was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, on January 12, 1820. He was the second child and eldest son of seven children born to Horatio Townsend Jefferis and Hannah (Paul) Jefferis. His father worked as a teller for the Bank of Chester County, and the family lived on downtown High Street. He attended the West Chester Academy under Jonathan Gause.[1][2]

Jefferis joined his father's bank as a clerk in 1843. He rose through the ranks and eventually worked as cashier (second in charge) at the Bank of Chester County from November 1, 1857, to June 3, 1883, succeeding David and Washington Townsend. Notably, he settled the affairs of West Chester's Bank of Brandywine, which opened its doors in 1871 and failed in 1875 due to the Panic of 1873.[3] He was serving as a warden of the Episcopalian Church of the Holy Trinity in West Chester as of 1881.[3]

In 1883, Jefferis retired from the bank after forty years of service and moved to Philadelphia.[2][4] He traveled twice to England and Continental Europe, touring museums and conferring with European naturalists. He accepted the position of curator in charge of the William S. Vaux Collection of mineral specimens and archaeological artifacts at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences,[2] of which he was elected a member in 1882.[5] He was elected vice director of the academy's Mineralogical and Geological Section in 1899.[6] He retired in 1898 and died in New York City on February 23, 1906, at the age of 86.[7]

His remains were interred at the Oaklands Cemetery in West Goshen Township, just outside West Chester.[8] He was married to Elmira Cherrington (1818–1881) and had four children: Emma Clara, Alonzo Potter, William Alger, and Elsie Louise.[9]

Mineralogy

[edit]

After picking up his first mineral specimen in 1837, Jefferies joined the Cabinet of Natural Science (West Chester's scientific organization), befriended leading naturalists in the area such as William Darlington and Lewis White Williams, and collected mineral specimens from the quarries and mines of the region. He exchanged specimens with other collectors and scientists in New York, Britain, and continental Europe. Notable U.S. correspondents included Benjamin Silliman, George Brush, and James Dana, to whose System of Mineralogy he contributed specimens for illustration.[10] Over the decades, Jefferis acquired and meticulously cataloged up to 35,000 mineral specimens, including a novel type of vermiculite that Brush named Jefferisite in his honor[10][11] and a distinctive specimen of brucite from Lancaster County.[2][1] He frequently loaned his specimens to museums and scholars. Jefferis was "one of the foremost mineral collectors in the United States," and his collection was "considered at the time to be the most spectacular array of minerals assembled by a private collector."[2] Historian Robert Gangewere called it "one of the finest private mineralogical collections available."[12] Curator David Seaman wrote that "the Jefferis Collection was the dominant motive of Mr. Jefferis' life for more than sixty years," being one of the four finest in the country.[13]

In December 1904, Jefferis put his collection up for auction. Several collectors and institutions entered bids, and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie paid $20,000 to acquire the collection, which he donated to the Carnegie Museum of Natural History.[10] When packed, the collection needed two boxcars for its rail transport to Pittsburgh.[14] It remained on exhibit at the Carnegie Museum for almost forty years before space limitations put the collection into storage for thirty years. In September 1980, the Hillman Hall of Minerals and Gems opened to the public, showcasing many of the specimens collected by Jefferis as well as other minerals gathered from around the world. Ninety percent of the specimens in the Hillman Hall's Pennsylvania exhibit room came from his personal collection, and twelve thousand items from Jefferis's collection remain in the Carnegie Museum's holdings.[2][15]

In addition to his collecting activities, Jefferis taught mineralogy for one year at the West Chester State Normal School while continuing to work at his bank. He was later appointed a professor emeritus at the school. He authored one book, Minerals of Chester County, published in 1864.[14][2] With Theodore D. Rand and J. T. M. Cardeza, he coauthored an article, "Mineral Localities of Philadelphia and Vicinity," published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in 1892.[16]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Thomson, W. W. (1898). Chester County and Its People. Chicago: The Union History Company. pp. 150, 624–625.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Savage, Letitia (Spring 1981). "The Jefferis Collection: A Pennsylvania Treasure". Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine. Archived from the original on December 20, 2022. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
  3. ^ a b Futhey, John Smith; Cope, Gilbert (1881). History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, with Genealogical and Biographical Sketches. Philadelphia: L. H. Everts. pp. 278, 389.
  4. ^ Burham, Smith (1914). First Hundred Years of the National Bank of Chester County, West Chester, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: Printed by Innes & Sons. p. 46.
  5. ^ "List of the Members of the American Philosophical Society". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society: 181. November 21, 1838.
  6. ^ "Report of the Mineralogical and Geological Section". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 51 (3): 547–548. 1899. ISSN 0097-3157. JSTOR 4062366.
  7. ^ "Obituary William Walter Jefferis". The Philadelphia Inquirer. February 25, 1906. p. 4. Archived from the original on December 20, 2022. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
  8. ^ "Chester County PAGenWeb Archives". usgwarchives.net. Archived from the original on December 20, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  9. ^ "William Walter JEFFERIS/Elmira CHERRINGTON". www.pennock.ws. Archived from the original on December 20, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  10. ^ a b c "Jefferis, William W. (1820-1906)". Mineralogical Record Biographical & Label Archive. Archived from the original on December 20, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  11. ^ McKinstry, Hugh E. (1916). "The Minerals of Brinton's Quarry, Chester County, Pa" (PDF). The American Mineralogist. 1 (4): 60. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 20, 2022.
  12. ^ Gangewere, Robert J. (2011). Palace of Culture: Andrew Carnegie's Museums and Library in Pittsburgh. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 191. doi:10.2307/j.ctt5hjs27. ISBN 978-0-8229-4397-6. JSTOR j.ctt5hjs27.
  13. ^ Seaman, David M. (June 1948). "The New Mineral Hall". Carnegie Magazine. 22 (1): 18.
  14. ^ a b "William W. Jefferis". Pennsylvania Conservation Heritage Project. February 19, 2016. Archived from the original on December 20, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  15. ^ Duda, Kathryn M. (November–December 1996). "A Gem of a Mineral Collection". Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. Archived from the original on December 20, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  16. ^ Rand, Theodore D.; Jefferis, William W.; Cardeza, J. T. M. (1892). "Mineral Localities of Philadelphia and Vicinity". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 44: 174–202. ISSN 0097-3157. JSTOR 4061866.
[edit]
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