Chester White: Difference between revisions
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→The Chester White Swine Record Association: Corrected a typo I myself had made in the first edit after re-reading and researching some more - the Chester White Record Association officially formed in 1913 through the merging of the largest Chester White associations, and had absorbed nearly every other one by 1914 the following year. This process had begun in 1911. My apologies Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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{{Short description|Breed of pig}} |
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{{Infobox pig breed |
{{Infobox pig breed |
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| name = Chester White |
| name = Chester White |
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| image = Chester Whites.jpg |
| image = Chester Whites (cropped).jpg |
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| image_caption = A boy with two Chester Whites raised as part of [[4-H]] in Texas ({{circa|1940}}) |
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| image_caption = A boy with two Chester Whites raised as part of [[4-H]] in Texas, ''circa'' 1940 |
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| country = United States |
| country = United States |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The Chester White was first developed around 1815–1818, using strains of large, white pigs common to the Northeast U.S. and a white boar imported from [[John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford|John Russell]] [[Duke of Bedford]], [[Bedfordshire]] [[historic counties of England|county]], [[England]], referred to as the Woburn breed, brought by Captain Jefferies of [[Liverpool]], [[England]].<ref name="Chester White">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=14EIAQAAIAAJ& |
The Chester White was first developed around 1815–1818, using strains of large, white pigs common to the Northeast U.S. and a white boar imported from [[John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford|John Russell]] [[Duke of Bedford]], [[Bedfordshire]] [[historic counties of England|county]], [[England]], referred to as the Woburn breed, brought by Captain Jefferies of [[Liverpool]], [[England]].<ref name="Chester White">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=14EIAQAAIAAJ&q=Chester+White+Swine+Record+Association&pg=PA7 | title=The Chester White Swine Record | publisher=Van Trump Co. | date=November 1922 | accessdate=October 14, 2014 | author=Moore, F. F. | page=3}}</ref> |
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In 1848, two breeders at a county fair, one from [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware County]] and the other from [[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester County]], showed their two breeds. The judge decided to use the name Chester County White. "County" was dropped and the breed became known as '''Chester White'''. |
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By 1884, a breed association was officially formed, but competing organizations, sometimes for individual strains, continued to appear into the early 20th century. |
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===Breed associations=== |
===Breed associations=== |
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====O.I.C.==== |
====O.I.C.==== |
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The "International Ohio Improved Chester Swine Record Association" was formed in 1891, and incorporated in 1895, in [[Yates County, New York|Yates County]], [[New York (state)|New York]]. The breed was officially named the '''Ohio Improved Chester''' with OIC commonly used. The 51-member Board of Directors included members from [[Maine]], [[Texas]], [[Iowa]], [[Michigan]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Wisconsin]], [[Connecticut]], [[Kansas]], [[Ohio]], [[Illinois]], [[Missouri]], [[Nebraska]], [[North Carolina]], [[California]], [[New Jersey]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], Pennsylvania, [[Florida]], [[Arkansas]], [[Kentucky]], [[Indiana]], and [[Santa Clara, Cuba]]. The association implemented the use of [[ear tag]]s as early as 1895.<ref name="O.I.C.">{{cite web | url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924066929641;view=1up;seq=5 | title=O.I.C. Incorporation | publisher=International Ohio Improved Chester Record Association | work=original from Cornell University | date=1895 | accessdate=October 15, 2014 | author=Jones, Herbert A. | pages=5, 41}}</ref> |
The "International Ohio Improved Chester Swine Record Association" was formed in 1891, and incorporated in 1895, in [[Yates County, New York|Yates County]], [[New York (state)|New York]]. The breed was officially named the '''Ohio Improved Chester''' with OIC commonly used. The 51-member Board of Directors included members from [[Maine]], [[Texas]], [[Iowa]], [[Michigan]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Wisconsin]], [[Connecticut]], [[Kansas]], [[Ohio]], [[Illinois]], [[Missouri]], [[Nebraska]], [[North Carolina]], [[California]], [[New Jersey]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], Pennsylvania, [[Florida]], [[Arkansas]], [[Kentucky]], [[Indiana]], and [[Santa Clara, Cuba]]. The association implemented the use of [[ear tag]]s as early as 1895.<ref name="O.I.C.">{{cite web | url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924066929641;view=1up;seq=5 | title=O.I.C. Incorporation | publisher=International Ohio Improved Chester Record Association | work=original from Cornell University | date=1895 | accessdate=October 15, 2014 | author=Jones, Herbert A. | pages=5, 41}}</ref> |
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In 1913, the American Chester White Record Association (1885) and the Standard Chester White Record Association (1890) combined to form the Chester White Swine Record Association.<ref>[http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010049225]-Retrieved 2014-10-15</ref> |
In 1913, the American Chester White Record Association (1885) and the Standard Chester White Record Association (1890) combined to form the Chester White Swine Record Association.<ref>[http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010049225]-Retrieved 2014-10-15</ref> |
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In |
In 1914, all breed organizations were consolidated under the Chester White Swine Record Association, an act which aided the spread of the breed into the rest of the country.<ref name="okstate">{{cite web |url=http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/swine/chesterwhite/ |title=Breeds of Livestock – Chester White |publisher= Oklahoma State University Dept. of Animal Science }}</ref> Some historians conjecture that Chinese pigs were also added to the mix.<ref name="Ekarius">{{cite book |title=Storey's Illustrated Breed Guide to Sheep, Goats, Cattle and Pigs |last=Ekarius |first=Carol |year=2008 |publisher=[[Storey Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-60342-036-5 |page=188 }}</ref> |
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==Current== |
==Current== |
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The Certified Pedigreed Swine Association (CPS) was formed in 1997, to combine the records of the Chester White, [[Poland China]], and Spotted, into a central organization with individual state organizations being members.<ref>[http://www.cpsswine.com/ Certified Pedigreed Swine (CPS) organization] -Retrieved 2014-10-15</ref> |
The Certified Pedigreed Swine Association (CPS) was formed in 1997, to combine the records of the Chester White, [[Poland China]], and Spotted, into a central organization with individual state organizations being members.<ref>[http://www.cpsswine.com/ Certified Pedigreed Swine (CPS) organization] -Retrieved 2014-10-15</ref> |
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The Chester White is a versatile breed suited to both [[Intensive pig farming|intensive]] and extensive husbandry. Though not as popular as the [[Duroc (pig)|Duroc]], [[American Yorkshire|Yorkshire]], or [[Hampshire (pig)|Hampshire]],<ref>{{cite book |title=The encyclopedia of historic and endangered livestock and poultry breeds |last=Dohner |first=Janet Vorwald |year=2002 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-08880-9 |pages=175–176 }}</ref> the Chester White is actively used in commercial crossbreeding operations for pork.<ref name="Ekarius"/> The Chester White is the most durable of the white breeds; it can gain as much as {{convert|1.36|lb|kg}} a day and gain {{Convert|1|lb|kg}} for every {{convert|3|lb|kg}} of grain it is fed. Their pale color leaves Chester Whites prone to sunburn; they must be given access to shade in the summer.<ref name = "Lewis" /> |
The Chester White is not a versatile breed suited to both [[Intensive pig farming|intensive]] and extensive husbandry. Though not as popular as the [[Duroc (pig)|Duroc]], [[American Yorkshire|Yorkshire]], or [[Hampshire (pig)|Hampshire]],<ref>{{cite book |title=The encyclopedia of historic and endangered livestock and poultry breeds |last=Dohner |first=Janet Vorwald |year=2002 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-08880-9 |pages=175–176 }}</ref> the Chester White is actively used in commercial crossbreeding operations for pork.<ref name="Ekarius"/> The Chester White is the most durable of the white breeds; it can gain as much as {{convert|1.36|lb|kg}} a day and gain {{Convert|1|lb|kg}} for every {{convert|3|lb|kg}} of grain it is fed. Their pale color leaves Chester Whites prone to sunburn; they must be given access to shade in the summer.<ref name = "Lewis" /> |
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A notable Chester White breeder is [http://schmidtswine.com/ Randy Schmidt] of Williamsburg, Iowa. Randy has been raising quality Chester Whites for nearly half a century and earned the breed's Distinguished Service Award in 2006. For over a half century, Randy Schmidt has worked in the swine industry producing healthy, high quality pig genetics to ensure his customers are more profitable. Specializing in Chester White hogs and located in Iowa, Randy has sold breeding stock across the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Pigs |url=http://schmidtswine.com/our-story |website=Schmidt Swine |publisher=Traxshon |accessdate=2006}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Pig breeds of Canada and the United States}} |
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[[Category:pig breeds originating in the United States]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:11, 29 November 2023
.jpg) A boy with two Chester Whites raised as part of 4-H in Texas (c. 1940) | |
| Country of origin | United States |
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The Chester White is a breed of domestic pig which originated in Chester County, Pennsylvania. It was formerly known as the Chester County White.[1]
History
[edit]The Chester White was first developed around 1815–1818, using strains of large, white pigs common to the Northeast U.S. and a white boar imported from John Russell Duke of Bedford, Bedfordshire county, England, referred to as the Woburn breed, brought by Captain Jefferies of Liverpool, England.[2]
Breed associations
[edit]O.I.C.
[edit]The "International Ohio Improved Chester Swine Record Association" was formed in 1891, and incorporated in 1895, in Yates County, New York. The breed was officially named the Ohio Improved Chester with OIC commonly used. The 51-member Board of Directors included members from Maine, Texas, Iowa, Michigan, New York, Wisconsin, Connecticut, Kansas, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, California, New Jersey, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Florida, Arkansas, Kentucky, Indiana, and Santa Clara, Cuba. The association implemented the use of ear tags as early as 1895.[3]
The Chester White Swine Record Association
[edit]In 1913, the American Chester White Record Association (1885) and the Standard Chester White Record Association (1890) combined to form the Chester White Swine Record Association.[4]
In 1914, all breed organizations were consolidated under the Chester White Swine Record Association, an act which aided the spread of the breed into the rest of the country.[5] Some historians conjecture that Chinese pigs were also added to the mix.[6]
Current
[edit]The Certified Pedigreed Swine Association (CPS) was formed in 1997, to combine the records of the Chester White, Poland China, and Spotted, into a central organization with individual state organizations being members.[7]
The Chester White is not a versatile breed suited to both intensive and extensive husbandry. Though not as popular as the Duroc, Yorkshire, or Hampshire,[8] the Chester White is actively used in commercial crossbreeding operations for pork.[6] The Chester White is the most durable of the white breeds; it can gain as much as 1.36 pounds (0.62 kg) a day and gain 1 pound (0.45 kg) for every 3 pounds (1.4 kg) of grain it is fed. Their pale color leaves Chester Whites prone to sunburn; they must be given access to shade in the summer.[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Lewis, Celia (2011). The Illustrated Guide to Pigs: How to Choose Them, How to Keep Them. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-61608-436-3.
- ^ Moore, F. F. (November 1922). The Chester White Swine Record. Van Trump Co. p. 3. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
- ^ Jones, Herbert A. (1895). "O.I.C. Incorporation". original from Cornell University. International Ohio Improved Chester Record Association. pp. 5, 41. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
- ^ [1]-Retrieved 2014-10-15
- ^ "Breeds of Livestock – Chester White". Oklahoma State University Dept. of Animal Science.
- ^ a b Ekarius, Carol (2008). Storey's Illustrated Breed Guide to Sheep, Goats, Cattle and Pigs. Storey Publishing. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-60342-036-5.
- ^ Certified Pedigreed Swine (CPS) organization -Retrieved 2014-10-15
- ^ Dohner, Janet Vorwald (2002). The encyclopedia of historic and endangered livestock and poultry breeds. Yale University Press. pp. 175–176. ISBN 978-0-300-08880-9.