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{{Short description|Type of Italian heavy machine gun}}
{{Infobox weapon
{{Infobox weapon
|name=Breda Model 31
|name=Breda Model 31
|image= [[File:13,2 mm ksp modell italien.png|300px]]
|image=
|caption=Breda Model 31 on a single mount
|caption=Swedish 13.2 mm Breda model 1931 (13,2 mm ksp M/It)
|origin= France
|origin= France
|type=[[Heavy machine gun]]<br>[[Anti-aircraft gun]]
|type=[[Heavy machine gun]]<br>[[Anti-aircraft gun]]
Line 14: Line 15:
<!-- Service history -->
<!-- Service history -->
|service=1931-1950
|service=1931-1950
|used_by= Italy <br> Greece <br> Spain <br> Sweden <br> Turkey
|used_by= Italy<br>[[Swedish navy]]
|wars=[[World War II]]
|wars=[[World War II]]
<!-- Production history -->
<!-- Production history -->
Line 26: Line 27:
|weight={{convert|47.5|kg|lb|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|weight={{convert|47.5|kg|lb|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|length={{convert|1.65|m|ftin|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|length={{convert|1.65|m|ftin|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|part_length={{convert|1|m|ftin|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|part_length={{convert|1|m|ftin|sp=us|abbr=on}} L/76
|width=
|width=
|height=
|height=
|crew=1
|crew=1
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|cartridge=[[13.2×99mm Hotchkiss Long]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.municion.org/13_2x99/13_2x96.htm|title=13,2x96 Hotchkis Short / MUNICION.ORG|website=www.municion.org|access-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327182526/http://www.municion.org/13_2x99/13_2x96.htm|archive-date=2019-03-27|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|cartridge=13.2 x 96 mm<br>Complete length: {{convert|135|mm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}}<br>Complete weight: {{convert|115|g|oz|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|cartridge_weight=''Cartridge weight:'' 112–120 g<br>''Shell weight:'' 42–51 g
|cartridge_weight={{convert|48|g|oz|sp=us|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51995246|title=Naval weapons of World War Two|last=Campbell|first=John|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=|isbn=0870214594|location=|pages=|oclc=51995246}}</ref>
|caliber={{convert|13.2|mm|in|sp=us}} 76 caliber
|caliber={{convert|13.2|mm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|action=
|action=
|rate=400 rpm
|rate=400 rpm (cyclic)<br>200-250 rpm (sustained)
|velocity={{convert|805|m/s|ft/s|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|velocity={{convert|805|m/s|ft/s|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|range={{convert|2|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=on}} at +45°<br>{{convert|3.98|km|ft|sp=us|abbr=on}} at +80°
|range={{convert|2|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=on}} at +45°<br>{{convert|3.98|km|ft|sp=us|abbr=on}} at +80°
|max_range={{convert|6|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=on}} at +45°<br>{{convert|4.2|km|ft|sp=us|abbr=on}} at +80°<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_132-757_m1931.php|title=Italy 13.2 mm/75.7 (0.52") AA MG Model 1931 - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-03-09}}</ref>
|max_range={{convert|6|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=on}} at +45°<br>{{convert|4.2|km|ft|sp=us|abbr=on}} at +80°<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_132-757_m1931.php|title=Italy 13.2 mm/75.7 (0.52") AA MG Model 1931 - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-03-09}}</ref>
|feed=30-round box magazine
<!-- Artillery specifications -->
<!-- Artillery specifications -->
|breech=
|breech=
Line 46: Line 48:
|traverse=360°
|traverse=360°
}}
}}
⚫
The '''13.2 mm Breda Model 31''' was a widely used Italian heavy machine gun produced by [[Società Italiana Ernesto Breda]] and used by the [[Regia Marina|Italian Navy]] and [[Royal Italian Army|Italian Army]] during [[World War II]]. At sea it was employed as a light anti-aircraft gun, while on land it was mounted on armored command vehicles where it was used as a heavy machine gun. After World War II it remained in use aboard the patrol boats of the [[Guardia di Finanza]].


== History ==
⚫
The '''Breda Model 31''' was a widely used Italian heavy machine gun produced by [[Società Italiana Ernesto Breda]] and used by the [[Regia Marina|Italian Navy]] and [[Royal Italian Army|Italian Army]] during [[World War II]]. At sea it was employed as a light anti-aircraft gun, while on land it was mounted on armored command vehicles where it was used as a heavy machine gun. After World War II it remained in use aboard the patrol boats of the [[Guardia di Finanza]].
⚫
The Breda Model 31 was a license built copy of the French [[Hotchkiss M1929 machine gun|Hotchkiss M1929]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNFR_13mm_aamg.php|title=France 13.2 mm (0.5") Model 1929 - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-03-09}}</ref> machine gun. Breda acquired a production license in 1929, but it did not enter production until 1931. The Model 31 was often mounted on single and twin mounts aboard surface ships and on a disappearing twin mount aboard submarines.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Naval weapons of World War Two|last=Campbell|first=John|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=0870214594|oclc=51995246}}</ref> The Model 31 was intended to provide close-range air defense, but like its counterparts in other nations, these small-caliber guns were found incapable of defending against low-level torpedo-bombers or high altitude level-bomber attacks because their bullets were too light and short ranged.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_132-757_m1931.php|title=Italy 13.2 mm/75.7 (0.52") AA MG Model 1931 - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-03-09}}</ref> Although a reliable gun with good performance, it was later replaced by the [[Breda Model 35|Breda 20/65 Mod. 1935]].


==History==
== Construction ==
⚫
The Model 31 was a gas-operated, air-cooled machine gun with a tilting bolt action. It was fed by top mounted, semi-circular, thirty round magazines, with cooling air drawn through the sleeve to fins along the barrel.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Naval weapons of World War Two|last=Campbell|first=John|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=0870214594|oclc=51995246}}</ref>
⚫
The Breda Model 31 was a license built copy of the French [[Hotchkiss M1929 machine gun|Hotchkiss M1929]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNFR_13mm_aamg.php|title=France 13.2 mm (0.5") Model 1929 - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-03-09}}</ref> machine gun. Breda acquired a production license in 1929, but it did not enter production until 1931. The Model 31 was often mounted on single and twin mounts aboard surface ships and on a disappearing twin mount aboard submarines.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51995246|title=Naval weapons of World War Two|last=Campbell|first=John|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=|isbn=0870214594|location=|pages=|oclc=51995246}}</ref> The land version of the Model 31 armed [[Fiat M14/41]] and [[M15/42 tank|Fiat M15/42]] command tanks of the Italian Army. The Model 31 was intended to provide close-range air defense, but like its counterparts in other nations, these small-caliber guns were found incapable of defending against low-level torpedo-bombers or high altitude level-bomber attacks because their bullets were too light and short ranged.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_132-757_m1931.php|title=Italy 13.2 mm/75.7 (0.52") AA MG Model 1931 - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-03-09}}</ref> Although a reliable gun with good performance it was later replaced by the [[Breda Model 35|Breda 20/65 Mod. 1935]].


==Construction==
== Naval use ==
⚫
The Model 31 was a gas-operated, air-cooled machine gun with a tilting bolt action. It was fed by top mounted, semi-circular, thirty round magazines, with cooling air drawn through the sleeve to fins along the barrel.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51995246|title=Naval weapons of World War Two|last=Campbell|first=John|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=|isbn=0870214594|location=|pages=|oclc=51995246}}</ref>

==Naval use==
Ship classes that carried the Breda Model 1931 include:
Ship classes that carried the Breda Model 1931 include:

⚫
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
=== Italy ===
⚫
* [[Adua-class submarine|Adua-class]]
⚫
{{div col|colwidth=10em}}
⚫
* [[Archimede-class submarine|Archimede-class]]
* [[Argo-class submarine|Argo-class]]
*[[Adua-class submarine|Adua-class]]
* [[Balilla-class submarine|Balilla-class]]
*[[Archimede-class submarine|Archimede-class]]
* [[Brin-class submarine|Brin-class]]
*[[Argo-class submarine|Argo-class]]
* [[Cagni-class submarine|Cagni-class]]
*[[Balilla-class submarine|Balilla-class]]
* [[Calvi-class submarine|Calvi-class]]
*[[Brin-class submarine|Brin-class]]
* [[Ciclone-class torpedo boat|Ciclone-class]]
*[[Cagni-class submarine|Cagni-class]]
* [[Conte di Cavour-class battleship|Conte di Cavour-class]]
*[[Calvi-class submarine|Calvi-class]]
* [[Curtatone-class destroyer|Curtatone-class]]
*[[Ciclone-class torpedo boat|Ciclone-class]]
* [[Flutto-class submarine|Flutto-class]]
*[[Conte di Cavour-class battleship|Conte di Cavour-class]]
* [[Foca-class submarine|Foca-class]]
*[[Curtatone-class destroyer|Curtatone-class]]
* [[Folgore-class destroyer|Folgore-class]]
*[[Flutto-class submarine|Flutto-class]]
* [[Freccia-class destroyer|Freccia-class]]
*[[Foca-class submarine|Foca-class]]
* [[Giussano-class cruiser|Giussano-class]]
*[[Folgore-class destroyer|Folgore-class]]
* [[Glauco-class submarine|Glauco-class]]
*[[Freccia-class destroyer|Freccia-class]]
* [[Liuzzi-class submarine|Liuzzi-class]]
*[[Giussano-class cruiser|Giussano-class]]
* [[Maestrale-class destroyer|Maestrale-class]]
*[[Glauco-class submarine|Glauco-class]]
* [[Marcello-class submarine|Marcello-class]]
*[[Liuzzi-class submarine|Liuzzi-class]]
* [[Marconi-class submarine|Marconi-class]]
*[[Maestrale-class destroyer|Maestrale-class]]
* [[Navigatori-class destroyer|Navigatori-class]]
*[[Marcello-class submarine|Marcello-class]]
* [[Oriani-class destroyer|Oriani-class]]
*[[Marconi-class submarine|Marconi-class]]
* [[Orsa-class torpedo boat|Orsa-class]]
*[[Navigatori-class destroyer|Navigatori-class]]
* [[Perla-class submarine|Perla-class]]
*[[Oriani-class destroyer|Oriani-class]]
* [[Sauro-class destroyer|Sauro-class]]
*[[Orsa-class torpedo boat|Orsa-class]]
* [[Sella-class destroyer|Sella-class]]
*[[Perla-class submarine|Perla-class]]
* [[Soldati-class destroyer|Soldati-class]]
*[[Sauro-class destroyer|Sauro-class]]
* [[Spica-class torpedo boat|Spica-class]]
*[[Sella-class destroyer|Sella-class]]
* [[Squalo-class submarine|Squalo-class]]
*[[Soldati-class destroyer|Soldati-class]]
* [[Trento-class cruiser|Trento-class]]
*[[Spica-class torpedo boat|Spica-class]]
* [[Turbine-class destroyer|Turbine-class]]
*[[Squalo-class submarine|Squalo-class]]
* [[Zara-class cruiser|Zara-class]]
*[[Trento-class cruiser|Trento-class]]
⚫
*[[Turbine-class destroyer|Turbine-class]]
⚫
*[[Zara-class cruiser|Zara-class]]
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


==Notes==
=== Sweden ===
*T11 torpedo boat
*T14 torpedo boat

== Users ==
*{{flagicon|Italy|1861}} [[Regia Marina|Italian Navy]]
*{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Swedish navy]] – designated 13,2 mm kulspruta M/It (13,2 mm ksp M/It)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Amregister Fl, Ammunitionsregister för flottan, 1947 års upplaga|publisher=Ammunitionssektionen vid marinförvaltningens artilleribyrå|year=1947|location=[[Stockholm]]}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==References==
== References ==
* {{cite book|title=Naval Weapons of World War Two |author=Campbell, John |publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1985|isbn=0-87021-459-4}}
*{{cite book|title=Naval Weapons of World War Two |author=Campbell, John |publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1985|isbn=0-87021-459-4}}
*La mitrailleuse Browning FN, kapitel XII. Les munitions F.N. calibre 13,2 mm


{{DEFAULTSORT:}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:}}
[[Category:World War II naval weapons]]
[[Category:World War II naval weapons]]
[[Category:Machine guns of Italy]]
[[Category:Naval guns of Italy]]
[[Category:Naval guns of Italy]]

Latest revision as of 12:32, 30 November 2023

Breda Model 31
Swedish 13.2 mm Breda model 1931 (13,2 mm ksp M/It)
TypeHeavy machine gun
Anti-aircraft gun
Place of originFrance
Service history
In service1931-1950
Used byItaly
Swedish navy
WarsWorld War II
Production history
DesignerHotchkiss
Designed1929
ManufacturerBreda
Produced1931
Specifications
Mass47.5 kg (105 lb)
Length1.65 m (5 ft 5 in)
Barrel length1 m (3 ft 3 in) L/76
Crew1
Shell13.2×99mm Hotchkiss Long[1]
Shell weightCartridge weight: 112–120 g
Shell weight: 42–51 g
Caliber13.2 mm (0.52 in)
Elevation-6° to +85°
Traverse360°
Rate of fire400 rpm (cyclic)
200-250 rpm (sustained)
Muzzle velocity805 m/s (2,640 ft/s)
Effective firing range2 km (1.2 mi) at +45°
3.98 km (13,100 ft) at +80°
Maximum firing range6 km (3.7 mi) at +45°
4.2 km (14,000 ft) at +80°[2]
Feed system30-round box magazine

The 13.2 mm Breda Model 31 was a widely used Italian heavy machine gun produced by Società Italiana Ernesto Breda and used by the Italian Navy and Italian Army during World War II. At sea it was employed as a light anti-aircraft gun, while on land it was mounted on armored command vehicles where it was used as a heavy machine gun. After World War II it remained in use aboard the patrol boats of the Guardia di Finanza.

History

[edit]

The Breda Model 31 was a license built copy of the French Hotchkiss M1929[3] machine gun. Breda acquired a production license in 1929, but it did not enter production until 1931. The Model 31 was often mounted on single and twin mounts aboard surface ships and on a disappearing twin mount aboard submarines.[4] The Model 31 was intended to provide close-range air defense, but like its counterparts in other nations, these small-caliber guns were found incapable of defending against low-level torpedo-bombers or high altitude level-bomber attacks because their bullets were too light and short ranged.[5] Although a reliable gun with good performance, it was later replaced by the Breda 20/65 Mod. 1935.

Construction

[edit]

The Model 31 was a gas-operated, air-cooled machine gun with a tilting bolt action. It was fed by top mounted, semi-circular, thirty round magazines, with cooling air drawn through the sleeve to fins along the barrel.[6]

[edit]

Ship classes that carried the Breda Model 1931 include:

Italy

[edit]

Sweden

[edit]
  • T11 torpedo boat
  • T14 torpedo boat

Users

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "13,2x96 Hotchkis Short / MUNICION.ORG". www.municion.org. Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  2. ^ DiGiulian, Tony. "Italy 13.2 mm/75.7 (0.52") AA MG Model 1931 - NavWeaps". www.navweaps.com. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
  3. ^ DiGiulian, Tony. "France 13.2 mm (0.5") Model 1929 - NavWeaps". www.navweaps.com. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
  4. ^ Campbell, John (2002-01-01). Naval weapons of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0870214594. OCLC 51995246.
  5. ^ DiGiulian, Tony. "Italy 13.2 mm/75.7 (0.52") AA MG Model 1931 - NavWeaps". www.navweaps.com. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
  6. ^ Campbell, John (2002-01-01). Naval weapons of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0870214594. OCLC 51995246.
  7. ^ Amregister Fl, Ammunitionsregister för flottan, 1947 års upplaga. Stockholm: Ammunitionssektionen vid marinförvaltningens artilleribyrå. 1947.

References

[edit]
  • Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-459-4.
  • La mitrailleuse Browning FN, kapitel XII. Les munitions F.N. calibre 13,2 mm
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