Anatomically correct doll: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Model human with primary and secondary sex characteristics}} |
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{{about|realistic dolls used in education, criminal investigation, and therapy|other uses|Fashion doll|and|Sex doll}} |
{{about|realistic dolls used in education, criminal investigation, and therapy|other uses|Fashion doll|and|Sex doll}} |
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'''What is an “Anatomical Doll?”''' |
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An '''anatomically correct doll''' or '''anatomically precise doll''' is a [[doll]] that depicts some of the [[Sex organ|primary]] and [[secondary sex characteristic]]s of a human for educational purposes. A very detailed type of anatomically correct doll may be used in questioning children who may have been [[child sexual abuse|sexually abused]]. The use of dolls as interview aids has been criticized, and the validity of information obtained this way has been contested.<ref name="ceci" /><ref name="Segal" /> |
An '''anatomically correct doll''' or '''anatomically precise doll''' is a [[doll]] that depicts some of the [[Sex organ|primary]] and [[secondary sex characteristic]]s of a human for educational purposes. A very detailed type of anatomically correct doll may be used in questioning children who may have been [[child sexual abuse|sexually abused]]. The use of dolls as interview aids has been criticized, and the validity of information obtained this way has been contested.<ref name="ceci" /><ref name="Segal" /> |
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Anatomical Dolls are soft, cloth dolls that are a general replica of the human body, complete with sexual body parts such as a penis and testicles for male dolls, and vaginal opening and breasts for female dolls. All dolls have oral and anal openings and adults have pubic hair. |
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The dolls were designed to be used as a professional interviewing tool in child abuse cases as a basic representation or map of the body. When using anatomical dolls, a child can demonstrate any form of touching and abuse (e.g., rape, sodomy) that may have occurred. This visual aid helps when communicating with police officers, child advocates, counselors, and juries. The dolls are also used in legal settings such as trials as victims demonstrate what happened to them. Holding a doll can also help reduce stress and trauma for some children. |
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== Overview == |
== Overview == |
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| ⚫ | Some children's baby dolls and [[Toilet training|potty training]] dolls are anatomically correct for educational purposes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://babyproducts.about.com/od/bathsdiaperspotties/a/bestpottytrain.htm |title=Great Toddler Potty Training Products |access-date=28 November 2008 |author=Heather Corley |work=About.com |publisher=About.com|archive-date=6 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006112022/http://babyproducts.about.com/od/bathsdiaperspotties/a/bestpottytrain.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are also dolls that are used as medical models, particularly in explaining [[medical procedure]]s to child patients. These have a more detailed depiction of the [[human anatomy]] and may include features like removable internal organs.<ref>{{cite news |title=If a Doll Wears an Eye Patch, I Can Too |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/21/garden/if-a-doll-wears-an-eye-patch-i-can-too.html?sec=health |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 21, 1988 |access-date=2008-11-26 }}</ref> One notable anatomically correct doll was the "Archie Bunker's Grandson [[Joey Stivic]]" doll that was made by the Ideal Toy Co. in 1976.<ref name=joeyarchie>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldnet.com/life/antiques-first-anatomically-correct-boy-doll-holds-value/|title = Antiques: First 'anatomically correct' boy doll holds value|date = 19 October 2010}}</ref> The doll, which was modeled after infant character Joey Stivic from the Television [[sitcom]] series ''[[All In The Family]]'', was considered to be the first anatomically correct boy doll.<ref name=joeyarchie /> |
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| ⚫ | Some children's baby dolls and [[Toilet training|potty training]] dolls are anatomically correct for educational purposes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://babyproducts.about.com/od/bathsdiaperspotties/a/bestpottytrain.htm |title=Great Toddler Potty Training Products |access-date=28 November 2008 |author=Heather Corley |work=About.com |
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'''How the Anatomical Dolls were Created''' |
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The use of anatomical dolls in interviews with abused children began in 1976 in Eugene, Oregon. Virginia Friedemann Edwards and Marcia K. Morgan, then working on one of the first all-female rape investigation teams in the country (Eugene Police, Springfield Police and the Lane County Sheriffs’ Office) created the dolls out of a need for better communication with children. Morgan bought the original set of two adult dolls from a local seamstress who was making “flasher dolls” at a local Saturday market. Edwards and Morgan worked with the seamstress to redesign the dolls to be more proportionate and other aspects based on their work in legal settings with children. They also created two child dolls. They made the dolls less toy-like and more sexually explicit by adding oral, anal, and vaginal body openings, neutral facial expressions so that the child could communicate a full range of emotions. They also created the dolls in three skin tones. Although stuffed animals and ordinary plastic dolls had long been used by counselors in play therapy, this was the first time a standardized anatomical doll had been used as a communication aid in the investigation of child sexual abuse. |
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In August 1980, Edwards, Morgan and Mike Whitney formed a business, MIGIMA Designs (the name created out of the first two initials of their first names), in order to manufacture the dolls, develop prevention, treatment and investigation education materials, and provide professional training and consulting to others in the field. Their dolls popularity and effectiveness began receiving national attention including a 1981 article in MS. Magazine and an appearance on The Phil Donahue Show. There was later coverage on 60 Minutes, Good Morning America, Redbook, Glamour, Reader’s Digest and many newspapers across the country. The popularity soared. After MIGIMA, 19 other anatomical doll companies sprung up around the US. Some controversy later arose when defense attorneys suggested that some investigators were untrained and “leading and suggestive” in the way the dolls were being used. Training became very important. Today the dolls and educational materials are used throughout the United States and in over 40 countries. |
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Reference: Morgan, M. (1995) ''How to Interview Sexual Abuse Victims, Including the Use of Anatomical Dolls''. Sage Publications. Thousand Oaks, California. |
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==Forensic use== |
==Forensic use== |
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A particular type of anatomically correct dolls are used in law enforcement and therapy. These dolls have detailed depictions of all the primary and secondary sexual characteristics of a human: "oral and anal openings, ears, tongues, [[nipples]], and hands with individual fingers" for all and a "[[vagina]], [[clitoris]] and [[breasts]]" for each of the |
A particular type of anatomically correct dolls are used in law enforcement and therapy. These dolls have detailed depictions of all the primary and secondary sexual characteristics of a human: "oral and anal openings, ears, tongues, [[nipples]], and hands with individual fingers" for all and a "[[vagina]], [[clitoris]] and [[breasts]]" for each of the female dolls and a "[[human penis|penis]] and [[testicles]]" for each of the male dolls.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} |
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These dolls are used during interviews with children who may have been [[child sexual abuse|sexually abused]].<ref name="larsson_cite_cohn">Cohn, D. S. (1991). "Anatomic doll play of preschoolers referred for sexual abuse and those not referred". ''Child Abuse & Neglect'' 15:455 – 466.; Everson & Boat, 1991; Jampole, L. & Weber, M. K. (1987). "An assessment of the behavior of sexually abused and nonabused children with anatomically correct dolls". ''Child Abuse & Neglect'': 11 187 – 192.; Sivan, A., Schor, D., Koeppl, G., Noble, L. (1988). "Interaction of normal children with anatomic dolls". ''Child Abuse & Neglect'', 12:295 – 304. Cited in Larsson, 2000, op. cit.</ref> The dolls wear removable clothing, and the anatomically correct and similarly scaled body parts ensure that sexual activity can be simulated realistically. |
These dolls are used during interviews with children who may have been [[child sexual abuse|sexually abused]].<ref name="larsson_cite_cohn">Cohn, D. S. (1991). "Anatomic doll play of preschoolers referred for sexual abuse and those not referred". ''Child Abuse & Neglect'' 15:455 – 466.; Everson & Boat, 1991; Jampole, L. & Weber, M. K. (1987). "An assessment of the behavior of sexually abused and nonabused children with anatomically correct dolls". ''Child Abuse & Neglect'': 11 187 – 192.; Sivan, A., Schor, D., Koeppl, G., Noble, L. (1988). "Interaction of normal children with anatomic dolls". ''Child Abuse & Neglect'', 12:295 – 304. Cited in Larsson, 2000, op. cit.</ref> The dolls wear removable clothing, and the anatomically correct and similarly scaled body parts ensure that sexual activity can be simulated realistically. |
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Latest revision as of 16:20, 3 December 2023
An anatomically correct doll or anatomically precise doll is a doll that depicts some of the primary and secondary sex characteristics of a human for educational purposes. A very detailed type of anatomically correct doll may be used in questioning children who may have been sexually abused. The use of dolls as interview aids has been criticized, and the validity of information obtained this way has been contested.[1][2]
Overview
[edit]Some children's baby dolls and potty training dolls are anatomically correct for educational purposes.[3] There are also dolls that are used as medical models, particularly in explaining medical procedures to child patients. These have a more detailed depiction of the human anatomy and may include features like removable internal organs.[4] One notable anatomically correct doll was the "Archie Bunker's Grandson Joey Stivic" doll that was made by the Ideal Toy Co. in 1976.[5] The doll, which was modeled after infant character Joey Stivic from the Television sitcom series All In The Family, was considered to be the first anatomically correct boy doll.[5]
The dolls are also sometimes used by parents or teachers as sex education.[6]
Forensic use
[edit]A particular type of anatomically correct dolls are used in law enforcement and therapy. These dolls have detailed depictions of all the primary and secondary sexual characteristics of a human: "oral and anal openings, ears, tongues, nipples, and hands with individual fingers" for all and a "vagina, clitoris and breasts" for each of the female dolls and a "penis and testicles" for each of the male dolls.[citation needed]
These dolls are used during interviews with children who may have been sexually abused.[7] The dolls wear removable clothing, and the anatomically correct and similarly scaled body parts ensure that sexual activity can be simulated realistically.
There is some criticism with regard to using anatomically correct dolls to question victims of sexual abuse.[1] Critics argue that because of the novelty of the dolls, children will act out sexually explicit maneuvers with the dolls even if the child has not been sexually abused.[1][2] Another criticism is that because the studies that compare the differences between how abused and non-abused children play with these dolls are conflicting (some studies suggest that sexually abused children play with anatomically correct dolls in a more sexually explicit manner than non-abused children, while other studies suggest that there is no correlation), it is impossible to interpret what is meant by how a child plays with these dolls.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Ceci, Stephen J.; Maggie Bruck (1995). Jeopardy in the Courtroom: A Scientific Analysis of Children's Testimony. p. 162. ISBN 1-55798-632-0.
- ^ a b Daniel L. Segal; Michel Hersen (2009). Diagnostic Interviewing. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 455. ISBN 978-1441913203. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
- ^ Heather Corley. "Great Toddler Potty Training Products". About.com. About.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2008.
- ^ "If a Doll Wears an Eye Patch, I Can Too". The New York Times. January 21, 1988. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
- ^ a b "Antiques: First 'anatomically correct' boy doll holds value". 19 October 2010.
- ^ "7 Best Anatomically Correct Baby Dolls (Reviewed 2021)". 16 May 2019.
- ^ Cohn, D. S. (1991). "Anatomic doll play of preschoolers referred for sexual abuse and those not referred". Child Abuse & Neglect 15:455 – 466.; Everson & Boat, 1991; Jampole, L. & Weber, M. K. (1987). "An assessment of the behavior of sexually abused and nonabused children with anatomically correct dolls". Child Abuse & Neglect: 11 187 – 192.; Sivan, A., Schor, D., Koeppl, G., Noble, L. (1988). "Interaction of normal children with anatomic dolls". Child Abuse & Neglect, 12:295 – 304. Cited in Larsson, 2000, op. cit.