Pleomorphism (cytology): Difference between revisions

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Pleomorphism is a term used in histology and cytopathology to describe variability in the size, shape and staining of cells and/or their nuclei. Several key determinants of cell and nuclear size, like ploidy and the regulation of cellular metabolism, are commonly disrupted in tumors.^[1] Therefore, cellular and nuclear pleomorphism is one of the earliest hallmarks of cancer progression and a feature characteristic of malignant neoplasms and dysplasia.^[2]^[3] Certain benign cell types may also exhibit pleomorphism, e.g. neuroendocrine cells, Arias-Stella reaction.

A rare type of rhabdomyosarcoma that is found in adults is known as pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma.^[4]

Despite the prevalence of pleomorphism in human pathology, its role in disease progression is unclear. In epithelial tissue, pleomorphism in cellular size can induce packing defects and disperse aberrant cells.^[5] But the consequence of atypical cell and nuclear morphology in other tissues is unknown.

References

^ Schmoller, Kurt M.; Skotheim, Jan M. (December 2015). "The Biosynthetic Basis of Cell Size Control". Trends Cell Biol. 25 (12): 793–802. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2015.10.006. PMC 6773270. PMID 26573465.
^ Travis, W.D.; Brambilla, B.; Burke, A.P; Marx, A.; Nicholson, A.G. (2015). WHO Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer. ISBN 978-92-832-2436-5. Archived from the original on March 21, 2015.
^ El-Naggar, A.K.; Chan, J.C.K.; Grandis, J.R.; Takata, T.; Slootweg, P.J. (23 January 2017). WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer. ISBN 978-92-832-2438-9. Archived from the original on 2019-10-31. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
^ Okazaki, Mitsuyoshi; Tajima, Hidehiro; Ohbatake, Yoshinao (21 April 2020). "Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the liver in an adult: a rare case report". BMC Surgery. 20 (1): 81. doi:10.1186/s12893-020-00742-7. PMC 7171846. PMID 32316960.
^ Ramanathan, Subramanian P.; Krajnc, Matej; Gibson, Matthew C. (October 2019). "Cell-Size Pleomorphism Drives Aberrant Clone Dispersal in Proliferating Epithelia". Developmental Cell. 51 (1): 49–61.e4. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2019.08.005. PMC 6903429. PMID 31495693.

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[Schmoller2015-1] Schmoller, Kurt M.; Skotheim, Jan M. (December 2015). "The Biosynthetic Basis of Cell Size Control". Trends Cell Biol. 25 (12): 793–802. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2015.10.006. PMC 6773270. PMID 26573465.

[Travis2015-2] Travis, W.D.; Brambilla, B.; Burke, A.P; Marx, A.; Nicholson, A.G. (2015). WHO Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer. ISBN 978-92-832-2436-5. Archived from the original on March 21, 2015.

[El-Naggar2017-3] El-Naggar, A.K.; Chan, J.C.K.; Grandis, J.R.; Takata, T.; Slootweg, P.J. (23 January 2017). WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer. ISBN 978-92-832-2438-9. Archived from the original on 2019-10-31. Retrieved 2019-10-31.

[BMC2020-4] Okazaki, Mitsuyoshi; Tajima, Hidehiro; Ohbatake, Yoshinao (21 April 2020). "Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the liver in an adult: a rare case report". BMC Surgery. 20 (1): 81. doi:10.1186/s12893-020-00742-7. PMC 7171846. PMID 32316960.

[Ramanathan2019-5] Ramanathan, Subramanian P.; Krajnc, Matej; Gibson, Matthew C. (October 2019). "Cell-Size Pleomorphism Drives Aberrant Clone Dispersal in Proliferating Epithelia". Developmental Cell. 51 (1): 49–61.e4. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2019.08.005. PMC 6903429. PMID 31495693.

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+{{short description|Variability in the size and shape of a cell or nucleus}}
-{{unreferenced|date=August 2012}}
 {{confuse|Pleomorphism (microbiology)}}
+[[Image:Serous carcinoma 2a - cytology.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A [[micrograph]] showing cells with marked nuclear shape and size variation, a component of nuclear ''pleomorphism''.]]
+'''Pleomorphism''' is a term used in [[histology]] and [[cytopathology]] to describe variability in the size, shape and [[staining]] of [[cell (biology)|cell]]s and/or their [[cell nucleus|nuclei]]. Several key determinants of cell and nuclear size, like [[ploidy]] and the regulation of cellular [[metabolism]], are commonly disrupted in [[tumors]].<ref name=Schmoller2015>{{cite journal |last1=Schmoller |first1=Kurt M. |last2=Skotheim |first2=Jan M.|title=The Biosynthetic Basis of Cell Size Control |journal=Trends Cell Biol.|date=December 2015 |volume=25 |issue=12 |pages=793–802|doi=10.1016/j.tcb.2015.10.006|pmid=26573465|pmc=6773270 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Therefore,  cellular and nuclear pleomorphism is one of the earliest hallmarks of [[cancer]] progression and a feature characteristic of [[malignant neoplasms]] and dysplasia.<ref name=Travis2015>{{cite book|last1=Travis|first1=W.D.|last2=Brambilla|first2=B.|last3=Burke|first3=A.P|last4=Marx |first4=A.|last5=Nicholson|first5=A.G.|title=WHO Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart|year=2015|url=https://apps.who.int/bookorders/anglais/detart1.jsp?codlan=1&codcol=70&codcch=4007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321183047/http://apps.who.int/bookorders/anglais/detart1.jsp?codlan=1&codcol=70&codcch=4007|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 21, 2015|location= Lyon|publisher=International Agency for Research on Cancer|isbn=978-92-832-2436-5}}</ref><ref name=El-Naggar2017>{{cite book|last1=El-Naggar|first1=A.K.|last2=Chan|first2=J.C.K.|last3=Grandis|first3=J.R.|last4=Takata|first4=T.|last5=Slootweg|first5=P.J.|title=WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours|date=23 January 2017|url=http://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Who-Iarc-Classification-Of-Tumours/Who-Classification-Of-Head-And-Neck-Tumours-2017|location=Lyon|publisher=International Agency for Research on Cancer|isbn=978-92-832-2438-9|access-date=2019-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031140552/http://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Who-Iarc-Classification-Of-Tumours/Who-Classification-Of-Head-And-Neck-Tumours-2017|archive-date=2019-10-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> Certain [[benign]] cell types may also exhibit pleomorphism, e.g. [[neuroendocrine cell]]s, [[Arias-Stella reaction]].
-[[Image:Serous carcinoma 2a - cytology.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A [[micrograph]] showing cells with marked nuclear shape and size variation, a component of nuclear '''pleomorphism'''.]]
+A rare type of [[rhabdomyosarcoma]] that is found in adults is known as '''pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma'''.<ref name="BMC2020">{{cite journal |last1=Okazaki |first1=Mitsuyoshi |last2=Tajima |first2=Hidehiro |last3=Ohbatake |first3=Yoshinao |title=Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the liver in an adult: a rare case report |journal=BMC Surgery |pages=81 |doi=10.1186/s12893-020-00742-7 |date=21 April 2020|volume=20 |issue=1 |pmid=32316960 |pmc=7171846 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
-'''Pleomorphism''' is a term used in [[histology]] and [[cytopathology]] to describe variability in the size, shape and [[staining]] of [[cell (biology)|cell]]s and/or their [[cell nucleus|nuclei]].
+Despite the prevalence of pleomorphism in human pathology, its role in disease progression is unclear. In [[epithelial]] [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]], pleomorphism in cellular size can induce packing defects and disperse aberrant cells.<ref name=Ramanathan2019>{{cite journal |last1=Ramanathan |first1=Subramanian P. |last2=Krajnc |first2=Matej |last3=Gibson |first3=Matthew C. |title=Cell-Size Pleomorphism Drives Aberrant Clone Dispersal in Proliferating Epithelia |journal=Developmental Cell |date=October 2019 |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=49–61.e4 |doi=10.1016/j.devcel.2019.08.005 |pmid=31495693 |pmc=6903429 |doi-access=free }}</ref> But the consequence of atypical cell and nuclear morphology in other tissues is unknown.
-It is a feature characteristic of [[malignant neoplasms]], and [[metaplasia]]. Certain [[benign]] cell types may have pleomorphism, e.g. [[neuroendocrine cell]]s, [[Arias-Stella reaction]].
 ==See also==
-*[[Nuclear atypia]]
+*[[Anaplasia]]
+*[[Cell growth]]
 *[[Cytopathology]]
 *[[Giant cell carcinoma of the lung]]
-*[[Anaplasia]]
+*[[Nuclear atypia]]
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
 {{pathology-stub}}