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{{Short description|American railroad executive}} |
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{{Infobox officeholder | name =Ralph Budd | image =File:Ralph Budd 1940s.jpg| caption =Budd circa 1945| birth_date ={{Birth date|1879|8|20}} | birth_place = near [[Waterloo, Iowa]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1962|2|2|1879|8|20}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]],| other_names = | order = | office = President of the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]]| term_start =1919 | term_end =January 1, 1932 | appointed = | predecessor = | successor =[[William Patrick Kenney]] }} |
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[[File:Ralph Budd 1940s.jpg|thumb|220px|Ralph Budd in the 1940s, when he was the president of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad.]] |
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'''Ralph Budd''' (1879–1962) was an American railroad executive. |
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'''Ralph Budd''' (August 20, 1879 – February 2, 1962) was an American railroad executive who was the president of the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]] from 1919 up until 1932, when he served as president of the [[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]] until his retirement in 1949. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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One of six children of John and Mary Budd, Ralph was born on a farm near [[Waterloo, Iowa]] on August 20, 1879. After graduating at nineteen from Des |
One of six children of John and Mary Budd, Ralph was born on a farm near [[Waterloo, Iowa]], on August 20, 1879. After graduating at nineteen from Des Moines' [[Highland Park College]], he began railway service as a draftsman in the [[Chicago Great Western]]’s divisional engineering office. |
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In 1902 Budd joined the [[Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad]] for the construction of its [[St. Louis]]-[[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] line. It was on the Rock that Budd met one of the deans of American railroad civil engineering, [[John Frank Stevens]]. Stevens' was already well known for his location of the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]]'s line across [[Montana]]'s [[Marias Pass]], and would soon go on to plan the [[Panama Canal]] at the behest of [[Theodore Roosevelt]]. Budd followed Stevens to [[Panama]], working on the engineering of the [[Panama Railway]]. |
In 1902 Budd joined the [[Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad]] for the construction of its [[St. Louis]]-[[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] line. It was on the Rock that Budd met one of the deans of American railroad civil engineering, [[John Frank Stevens]]. Stevens' was already well known for his location of the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]]'s line across [[Montana]]'s [[Marias Pass]], and would soon go on to plan the [[Panama Canal]] at the behest of [[Theodore Roosevelt]]. Budd followed Stevens to [[Panama]], working on the engineering of the [[Panama Railway]]. |
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==Great Northern Railway== |
==Great Northern Railway== |
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At the age of 40, in 1919, Budd became the youngest railroad president in America when he became president of the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]]. Under his tenure at Great Northern, the railway built the [[Cascade Tunnel]] in [[Washington ( |
[[File:Great Northern officials at Cascade Tunnel 1926.jpg|thumb|left|Budd is shown fourth from left in this 1926 photo at the Mill Creek shaft of the Cascade Tunnel]] |
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At the age of 40, in 1919, Budd became the youngest railroad president in America when he became president of the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]]. Under his tenure at Great Northern, the railway built the [[Cascade Tunnel]] in [[Washington (state)|Washington]], a project that cost $25 million and eliminated an earlier summit tunnel under the [[Cascade Range]] and a rugged alignment through an avalanche-prone area. At 7.79 miles in length, the Great Northern's New Cascade Tunnel remains the longest railroad tunnel in the [[United States]]. |
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Over the course of thirteen years, Budd's administration invested $79,000,000 in improvements, $75,000,000 more in rolling stock, and nearly $7,000,000 in the construction of new lines. |
Over the course of thirteen years, Budd's administration invested $79,000,000 in improvements, $75,000,000 more in rolling stock, and nearly $7,000,000 in the construction of new lines. |
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In the 1920s, together with [[Howard Elliott (railroad executive)|Howard Elliott]] of the [[Northern Pacific Railway]], Budd began the third attempt to formally merge the Hill Lines. This was the first attempt since the disastrous [[Northern Securities Case]] of 1904. This ultimately resulted in failure, when the [[Interstate Commerce Commission]] agreed to the merger, but only if the Hill Lines let go of their vital link to [[Chicago]]—the [[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]]. |
In the 1920s, together with [[Howard Elliott (railroad executive)|Howard Elliott]] of the [[Northern Pacific Railway]], Budd began the third attempt to formally merge the Hill Lines. This was the first attempt since the disastrous [[Northern Securities Case]] of 1904. This ultimately resulted in failure, when the [[Interstate Commerce Commission]] agreed to the merger, but only if the Hill Lines let go of their vital link to [[Chicago]]—the [[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]]. |
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{{clr}} |
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==Burlington== |
==Burlington== |
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At one of the lowest points in the [[Great Depression]], January 1, 1932 Ralph Budd left the Great Northern to become president of the Burlington. While leading the Burlington, he met [[Edward G. Budd]] (distant relation), who had formed the [[Budd Company]] in 1912, and had recently begun to apply his [[automobile]] body construction knowledge to build railroad passenger equipment in a new venture using stainless steel. |
At one of the lowest points in the [[Great Depression]], January 1, 1932, Ralph Budd left the Great Northern to become president of the Burlington. While leading the Burlington, he met [[Edward G. Budd]] (distant relation), who had formed the [[Budd Company]] in 1912, and had recently begun to apply his [[automobile]] body construction knowledge to build railroad passenger equipment in a new venture using stainless steel. |
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⚫ | The Budd Company built the ''[[Pioneer Zephyr]]'' for Burlington, and the train's "dawn-to-dusk" run from [[Denver, Colorado]], to [[Chicago, Illinois]], on May 26, 1934, in an unprecedented thirteen hours and five minutes, helped usher in the railroad [[streamliner]] era. Both Ralph and Edward Budd, among other notable men including [[H. L. Hamilton]], president of the [[Winton Motor Company]] which built the motor for the train, were passengers aboard the record-setting run; the train's speed averaged 77.1 miles per hour (124.1 km/h), reaching a top speed of 112.5 miles per hour (181 km/h). The name of the new train came from ''[[The Canterbury Tales]],'' which Ralph Budd had been reading. The story begins with pilgrims setting out on a journey, inspired by the budding springtime and by Zephyrus, the gentle and nurturing west wind. Ralph Budd thought that would be an excellent name for a sleek new traveling machine: "Zephyr."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/biography/streamliners-rbudd/ |title=Biography: Ralph Budd |publisher=PBS |accessdate=2012-12-14 }}</ref> In the summer of 1939 he persuaded the [[Denver and Rio Grande]] and the Western Pacific to join the Burlington in establishing a daily through train to the Pacific Coast; a decade later it was replaced by the fabled [[California Zephyr]]. |
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⚫ | The Budd Company built the ''[[Pioneer Zephyr]]'' for Burlington, and the train's "dawn-to-dusk" run from [[Denver, Colorado]], to [[Chicago, Illinois]], on May 26, 1934, in an unprecedented thirteen hours and five minutes, helped usher in the railroad [[streamliner]] era. Both Ralph and Edward Budd, among other notable men including [[H. L. Hamilton]], president of the [[Winton Motor Company]] which built the motor for the train, were passengers aboard the record-setting run; the train's speed averaged 77.1 miles per hour (124.1 km/h), reaching a top speed of 112.5 miles per hour (181 km/h). The name of the new train came from ''[[The Canterbury Tales]],'' which Ralph Budd had been reading. The story begins with pilgrims setting out on a journey, inspired by the budding springtime and by Zephyrus, the gentle and nurturing west wind. Ralph Budd thought that would be an excellent name for a sleek new traveling machine: "Zephyr."<ref>{{cite web |url= |
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Budd also worked to complete the Dotsero Cut-Off, which opened in 1934, and led to fourfold increase of Burlington business through [[Denver]]. |
Budd also worked to complete the Dotsero Cut-Off, which opened in 1934, and led to fourfold increase of Burlington business through [[Denver]]. |
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In 1939, Budd was awarded the [[The Franklin Institute Awards|George R. Henderson Medal]]. |
In 1939, Budd was awarded the [[The Franklin Institute Awards|George R. Henderson Medal]]. |
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By 1945, Budd had become intrigued with [[Electro-Motive Diesel]]’s |
By 1945, Budd had become intrigued with [[Electro-Motive Diesel]]’s Cyrus R. Osborne’s idea of a dome passenger car, and built the first experimental one in the Burlington's Aurora Shops. |
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In 1940 and again in 1949, Budd sponsored two elaborate historical pageants on the Burlington and was one of the moving spirits behind the extremely successful Railroad Fair held on Chicago’s lakefront in 1948-49. |
In 1940 and again in 1949, Budd sponsored two elaborate historical pageants on the Burlington and was one of the moving spirits behind the extremely successful Railroad Fair held on Chicago’s lakefront in 1948-49. |
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==Later life== |
==Later life== |
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After retirement, Budd spent five years as chairman of the [[Chicago Transit Authority]]. He arranged the donation of the Burlington's corporate records to the [[Newberry Library]]. Though he supported many publication which |
After retirement, Budd spent five years as chairman of the [[Chicago Transit Authority]]. He arranged the donation of the Burlington's corporate records to the [[Newberry Library]]. Though he supported many publication which chronicled the history of the Burlington, Budd himself turned down a professorship at [[Northwestern University]], claiming his lack of qualifications. In 1949, he founded The Lexington Group in Transportation History,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lexingtongroup.org/ |title=The Lexington Group in Transportation History |publisher=Lexington Group |accessdate=2012-12-14 }}</ref> which holds annual meetings to this day. |
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Ralph Budd retired to [[Santa Barbara, California]], in 1954, and died on February 2, 1962. |
Ralph Budd retired to [[Santa Barbara, California]], in 1954, and died on February 2, 1962. |
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==Legacy== |
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His son, John Marshall Budd [[John M. Budd]], also became president of the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]], and together with [[Robert Stetson Macfarlane]] of the [[Northern Pacific Railway]], worked from 1955 until 1970 to merge the Hill Lines into the [[Burlington Northern Railroad]] (today's [[BNSF Railway]]). |
His son, John Marshall Budd [[John M. Budd]], also became president of the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]], and together with [[Robert Stetson Macfarlane]] of the [[Northern Pacific Railway]], worked from 1955 until 1970 to merge the Hill Lines into the [[Burlington Northern Railroad]] (today's [[BNSF Railway]]). |
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⚫ | The name ''Ralph Budd'' was also applied to a commercial steamship that plied the [[Great Lakes]] in the 1920s and 1930s. On May 15, 1929, the boat ran aground in [[Eagle Harbor, Michigan]], during a fierce winter storm. The crew escaped in lifeboats, and the ship was later repaired and returned to service. |
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==Other uses of the name ''Ralph Budd''== |
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⚫ | The name ''Ralph Budd'' was also applied to a commercial steamship that plied the [[Great Lakes]] in the 1920s and 1930s. On May 15, 1929, the boat ran aground in [[Eagle Harbor, Michigan]], during a fierce winter storm |
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Ralph Budd was 1935 Commencement speaker at [[Rice University]] and donated his honorarium to Rice for the benefit of students as Ralph Budd Thesis award. The award is given annually to the graduate student judged to have the best doctoral thesis in the [[George R. Brown School of Engineering]]. This award was established in June, 1935, and is one of the oldest and most prestigious awards for graduate students at Rice University. |
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Control Point "Budd" (a double track crossover on the [[BNSF Railway]]'s mainline along the Mississippi River) is named after Ralph Budd. The crossover is located just south of [[East Dubuque, Illinois]]. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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{{Refbegin}} |
{{Refbegin}} |
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* Budd |
*{{Cite journal |last=Budd |first=Ralph |url=http://pw2.netcom.com/~whstlpnk/ralphbudd.html |title=Railway Routes Across the Rocky Mountains |journal=Civil Engineering |date=February–April 1940 }} |
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* |
*{{Cite journal |last=Overton |first=Richard C. |title=Ralph Budd—1879–1962 |publisher=Railway and Locomotive Historical Society |journal=[[Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin]] |volume=106 |date=April 1962 |issue=106 |pages=82–85 |jstor=43518038}}. |
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* |
*{{Cite web |date=2000 |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/streamliners/peopleevents/p_rbudd.html |title=American Experience / Streamliners / People & Events / Ralph Budd |website=[[PBS]] |access-date=February 22, 2005 |archive-date=March 9, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050309160358/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/streamliners/peopleevents/p_rbudd.html |url-status=dead }} |
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* Chicago Museum of Science and Industry, excerpts from the New York Times (May 27, 1934), ''[http://www.msichicago.org/exhibit/zephyr/history/nytimes/nytimes.html Pioneer Zephyr - A Legendary History]''. Retrieved February 24, 2005. |
* Chicago Museum of Science and Industry, excerpts from the New York Times (May 27, 1934), ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20050208015948/http://www.msichicago.org/exhibit/zephyr/history/nytimes/nytimes.html Pioneer Zephyr - A Legendary History]''. Retrieved February 24, 2005. |
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* |
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.eagleharborweb.net/oldpics.htm |title=George's Eagle Harbor Web: Old pics |access-date=February 24, 2005 }} |
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* President and Fellows of Harvard College (2004), ''[http://www.hbs.edu/leadership/database/leaders/108/ 20th century great American business leaders - Ralph Budd]''. Retrieved February 22, 2005. |
* President and Fellows of Harvard College (2004), ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20050205103522/http://www.hbs.edu/leadership/database/leaders/108/ 20th century great American business leaders - Ralph Budd]''. Retrieved February 22, 2005. |
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{{Refend}} |
{{Refend}} |
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{{Authority control |
{{Authority control}} |
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{{John Fritz Medal|state=collapsed}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Budd, Ralph |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American railroad executive |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 1879-08-20 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = Waterloo, Iowa |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 1962-02-02 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Budd, Ralph}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Budd, Ralph}} |
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[[Category:1879 births]] |
[[Category:1879 births]] |
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[[Category:1962 deaths]] |
[[Category:1962 deaths]] |
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[[Category:American railroad executives |
[[Category:20th-century American railroad executives]] |
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[[Category:People from Waterloo, Iowa]] |
[[Category:People from Waterloo, Iowa]] |
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[[Category:Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad people]] |
[[Category:Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad people]] |
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[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]] |
[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]] |
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[[Category:Great Northern Railway (U.S.)]] |
[[Category:Great Northern Railway (U.S.)]] |
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[[Category:John Fritz Medal recipients]] |
Latest revision as of 05:37, 7 December 2023
Ralph Budd | |
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President of the Great Northern Railway | |
In office 1919 – January 1, 1932 | |
Succeeded by | William Patrick Kenney |
Personal details | |
Born | near Waterloo, Iowa | August 20, 1879
Died | February 2, 1962 Santa Barbara, California, | (aged 82)
Ralph Budd (August 20, 1879 – February 2, 1962) was an American railroad executive who was the president of the Great Northern Railway from 1919 up until 1932, when he served as president of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad until his retirement in 1949.
Early life
[edit]One of six children of John and Mary Budd, Ralph was born on a farm near Waterloo, Iowa, on August 20, 1879. After graduating at nineteen from Des Moines' Highland Park College, he began railway service as a draftsman in the Chicago Great Western’s divisional engineering office.
In 1902 Budd joined the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad for the construction of its St. Louis-Kansas City line. It was on the Rock that Budd met one of the deans of American railroad civil engineering, John Frank Stevens. Stevens' was already well known for his location of the Great Northern Railway's line across Montana's Marias Pass, and would soon go on to plan the Panama Canal at the behest of Theodore Roosevelt. Budd followed Stevens to Panama, working on the engineering of the Panama Railway.
He followed Stevens again in 1910, this time to Oregon. There, Stevens was working for his old Great Northern boss, James J. Hill, on constructing the Oregon Trunk from the Pacific Northwest into northern California. This route, composed of the Spokane, Portland and Seattle, the Oregon Trunk Railway, the Western Pacific Railroad, and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, was finally pieced together in the 1930s. It gave the Hill Lines a route into the heart of California and became known as the "Inside Gateway." His work with Stevens brought Budd to the attention of Hill, who left confidential instructions that after his death, Budd should be appointed president of the Great Northern.
Great Northern Railway
[edit]At the age of 40, in 1919, Budd became the youngest railroad president in America when he became president of the Great Northern Railway. Under his tenure at Great Northern, the railway built the Cascade Tunnel in Washington, a project that cost $25 million and eliminated an earlier summit tunnel under the Cascade Range and a rugged alignment through an avalanche-prone area. At 7.79 miles in length, the Great Northern's New Cascade Tunnel remains the longest railroad tunnel in the United States.
Over the course of thirteen years, Budd's administration invested $79,000,000 in improvements, $75,000,000 more in rolling stock, and nearly $7,000,000 in the construction of new lines.
In the 1920s, together with Howard Elliott of the Northern Pacific Railway, Budd began the third attempt to formally merge the Hill Lines. This was the first attempt since the disastrous Northern Securities Case of 1904. This ultimately resulted in failure, when the Interstate Commerce Commission agreed to the merger, but only if the Hill Lines let go of their vital link to Chicago—the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad.
Burlington
[edit]At one of the lowest points in the Great Depression, January 1, 1932, Ralph Budd left the Great Northern to become president of the Burlington. While leading the Burlington, he met Edward G. Budd (distant relation), who had formed the Budd Company in 1912, and had recently begun to apply his automobile body construction knowledge to build railroad passenger equipment in a new venture using stainless steel. The Budd Company built the Pioneer Zephyr for Burlington, and the train's "dawn-to-dusk" run from Denver, Colorado, to Chicago, Illinois, on May 26, 1934, in an unprecedented thirteen hours and five minutes, helped usher in the railroad streamliner era. Both Ralph and Edward Budd, among other notable men including H. L. Hamilton, president of the Winton Motor Company which built the motor for the train, were passengers aboard the record-setting run; the train's speed averaged 77.1 miles per hour (124.1 km/h), reaching a top speed of 112.5 miles per hour (181 km/h). The name of the new train came from The Canterbury Tales, which Ralph Budd had been reading. The story begins with pilgrims setting out on a journey, inspired by the budding springtime and by Zephyrus, the gentle and nurturing west wind. Ralph Budd thought that would be an excellent name for a sleek new traveling machine: "Zephyr."[1] In the summer of 1939 he persuaded the Denver and Rio Grande and the Western Pacific to join the Burlington in establishing a daily through train to the Pacific Coast; a decade later it was replaced by the fabled California Zephyr.
Budd also worked to complete the Dotsero Cut-Off, which opened in 1934, and led to fourfold increase of Burlington business through Denver.
In 1939, Budd was awarded the George R. Henderson Medal.
By 1945, Budd had become intrigued with Electro-Motive Diesel’s Cyrus R. Osborne’s idea of a dome passenger car, and built the first experimental one in the Burlington's Aurora Shops.
In 1940 and again in 1949, Budd sponsored two elaborate historical pageants on the Burlington and was one of the moving spirits behind the extremely successful Railroad Fair held on Chicago’s lakefront in 1948-49.
Burlington historian Richard C. Overton wrote: "The Burlington, with Budd in command, was virtually a training school for railway executives. Men like Fred Gurley, John Farrington, Fred Whitman, Harry Murphy, and [Alfred] E. Perlman, all of whom went on to head great railways, served varying terms on the Burlington while Budd was at its head. As James G. Lyne put it in Railway Age at the time of his retirement in 1949, the Burlington was 'principally the lengthened shadow of Ralph Budd.'"
Later life
[edit]After retirement, Budd spent five years as chairman of the Chicago Transit Authority. He arranged the donation of the Burlington's corporate records to the Newberry Library. Though he supported many publication which chronicled the history of the Burlington, Budd himself turned down a professorship at Northwestern University, claiming his lack of qualifications. In 1949, he founded The Lexington Group in Transportation History,[2] which holds annual meetings to this day.
Ralph Budd retired to Santa Barbara, California, in 1954, and died on February 2, 1962.
Legacy
[edit]His son, John Marshall Budd John M. Budd, also became president of the Great Northern Railway, and together with Robert Stetson Macfarlane of the Northern Pacific Railway, worked from 1955 until 1970 to merge the Hill Lines into the Burlington Northern Railroad (today's BNSF Railway).
The name Ralph Budd was also applied to a commercial steamship that plied the Great Lakes in the 1920s and 1930s. On May 15, 1929, the boat ran aground in Eagle Harbor, Michigan, during a fierce winter storm. The crew escaped in lifeboats, and the ship was later repaired and returned to service.
Ralph Budd was 1935 Commencement speaker at Rice University and donated his honorarium to Rice for the benefit of students as Ralph Budd Thesis award. The award is given annually to the graduate student judged to have the best doctoral thesis in the George R. Brown School of Engineering. This award was established in June, 1935, and is one of the oldest and most prestigious awards for graduate students at Rice University.
Control Point "Budd" (a double track crossover on the BNSF Railway's mainline along the Mississippi River) is named after Ralph Budd. The crossover is located just south of East Dubuque, Illinois.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Biography: Ralph Budd". PBS. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- ^ "The Lexington Group in Transportation History". Lexington Group. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
Further reading
[edit]- Budd, Ralph (February–April 1940). "Railway Routes Across the Rocky Mountains". Civil Engineering.
- Overton, Richard C. (April 1962). "Ralph Budd—1879–1962". Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin. 106 (106). Railway and Locomotive Historical Society: 82–85. JSTOR 43518038..
- "American Experience / Streamliners / People & Events / Ralph Budd". PBS. 2000. Archived from the original on March 9, 2005. Retrieved February 22, 2005.
- Chicago Museum of Science and Industry, excerpts from the New York Times (May 27, 1934), Pioneer Zephyr - A Legendary History. Retrieved February 24, 2005.
- "George's Eagle Harbor Web: Old pics". Retrieved February 24, 2005.
- President and Fellows of Harvard College (2004), 20th century great American business leaders - Ralph Budd. Retrieved February 22, 2005.