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{{Use Australian English|date=August 2019}}
⚫
{{Infobox protected area
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
| name = National Reserve System
⚫
{{Infobox Australian place
⚫
| photo = NationalReserveSystem WetTropics.jpg
| type = protected
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = Sample of Signage, within a [[Wet Tropics of Queensland|Wet Tropics portion of National Reserve System]]
| name = National Reserve System
| state = au
| photo_width = 240
⚫
| image = NationalReserveSystem WetTropics.jpg
| map =
| map_alt =
| image_upright = 0.9
| caption = Sample of Signage, within a [[Wet Tropics of Queensland|Wet Tropics portion of National Reserve System]]
| map_caption =
| image_alt =
| map_width =
| relief = yes
| region =
| map_alt =
| area = > 89 million hectares
| established = 1992
| established = 1992
| area = > {{convert|137|e6ha}}
⚫
| visitation_num =
| area_footnotes =
⚫
| visitation_year =
⚫
| url = http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/about/index.html
| governing_body = [[Government of Australia]]<br> Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts.
| iucn_category =
⚫
| url = http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/about/index.html
| nearest_town_or_city =
| established_footnotes =
⚫
| visitation_num =
⚫
| visitation_year =
| visitation_footnotes =
| managing_authorities = {{Plainlist|
* [[Government of Australia]]
* [[Department of the Environment (Australia)|Department of the Environment]]
}}
}}
}}
[[File:Australia national reserves.png|thumb|Locations of the National Reserve System in Australia (shown in green)]]
⚫
Australia's '''National Reserve System''' ('''NRS''') is a network of more than 10,000 [[Commonwealth of Australia|Commonwealth]] plus [[States and territories of Australia|state and territory]] [[protected area]]s which,<ref name="wpfa">{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/minister/burke/2011/mr20110706.html |title=WWF praise for Australia's natural safety net |author=Tony Burke |date=6 July 2011 |work=Media Release |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia |access-date=3 February 2013 }}</ref> in combination, on a national scale, protect more than {{convert|137|e6ha}}, greater than 17% of the [[Australia (continent)|continent]], of unique [[biodiversity]] and most significant [[cultural landscapes|ecological landscapes]] for future generations.<ref name ="DEWHA01">[http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/about/index.html Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts "Caring for Our Country: National Reserve System" webpage]. Accessed 2 June 2010</ref> The aim of the NRS is protect the diversity of all [[Natural landscape|native landscapes]], [[Flora of Australia|flora]] and [[Fauna of Australia|fauna]] across Australia through strategic [[habitat]] protection. It consists of public, indigenous and privately protected areas of land and inland freshwaters.<ref>{{Cite Q|Q107258167}}</ref>


⚫
As part of the National Reserve System Cooperative Program, the [[Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia]] framework was developed as a planning tool to assist in identifying areas of priority.<ref name="ecot">{{cite book |title=Ecotourism |last=Wearing |first=Stephen |author2=John Neil |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0750641371 |page=97 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Plk7QD6MuNcC |access-date=3 February 2013}}</ref>
⚫
[[Australia]]'s '''National Reserve System''' (NRS) is a network of around 9,400 [[Commonwealth of Australia|Commonwealth]] plus [[States and territories of Australia|state and territory]] [[protected area]]s which,<ref name="wpfa">{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/minister/burke/2011/mr20110706.html |title=WWF praise for Australia's natural safety net |author=Tony Burke |date=6 July 2011 |work=Media Release |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia |accessdate=3 February 2013 }}</ref> in combination, on a [[nation]]al scale, are hoped to enable more than 89 million hectares (greater than 12% of the [[Australia (continent)|continent]]'s) unique [[biodiversity]] and most significant [[cultural landscapes|ecological landscapes]] to be protected and preserved for future generations.<ref name ="DEWHA01">[http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/about/index.html Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts "Caring for Our Country: National Reserve System" webpage]. Accessed 2 June 2010</ref> The aim of the NRS is protect the diversity of all [[Natural landscape|native landscapes]], [[Flora of Australia|flora]] and [[Fauna of Australia|fauna]] across Australia through strategic [[habitat]] protection.


== Protected areas on private lands ==
⚫
As part of the National Reserve System Cooperative Program, the [[Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia]] framework was developed as a planning tool to assist in identifying areas of priority.<ref name="ecot">{{cite book |title=Ecotourism |last=Wearing |first=Stephen |author2=John Neil |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0750641371 |page=97 |url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Plk7QD6MuNcC |accessdate=3 February 2013}}</ref>
Privately protected areas consist of privately owned areas where owners have entered into "in perpetuity" covenants which are governed by the various legislative Act of the states, territories and commonwealth of Australia.<ref>{{Cite Q|Q57270770|doi-access=free}}</ref> Consequent to these laws, states, territories and commonwealth maintain registers of the lands and their covenants. See for example the NSW register.<ref>[https://www.bct.nsw.gov.au/public-register-private-land-conservation-agreements NSW Public register of private land conservation agreements] </ref>


==History==
==History==
The move by the Australian Government to establish this National Reserve System was triggered by the international [[Convention on Biological Diversity]], as part of the nation's commitment to fulfilling the objectives of that convention.<ref name="DEWHA02">[http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/about/history.html Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts "Caring for Our Country: History of the National Reserve System" webpage]. Accessed 2 June 2010</ref> In particular, after signing and ratifying the convention in 1992 the then [[Paul_Keating#Prime_Minister:_1991.E2.80.931996|Prime Minister]] announced <ref name="DEWHA02"/>
The move by the Australian Government to establish this National Reserve System was triggered by the international [[Convention on Biological Diversity]], as part of the nation's commitment to fulfilling the objectives of that convention.<ref name="DEWHA02">[http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/about/history.html Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts "Caring for Our Country: History of the National Reserve System" webpage]. Accessed 2 June 2010</ref> In particular, after signing and ratifying the convention in 1992 the then [[Paul Keating#Prime Minister: 1991.E2.80.931996|Prime Minister, Paul Keating]], announced <ref name="DEWHA02"/>


⚫
{{quote|The establishment of a comprehensive system of protected areas is vital if we are to retain our status as a region of megadiversity. Besides being ecologically viable these areas must represent the full range of ecosystems. The Government is committed to the development of a national comprehensive system of parks and reserves. This will be achieved in cooperation with States and Territories.}}
<blockquote>
⚫
"The establishment of a comprehensive system of protected areas is vital if we are to retain our status as a region of megadiversity. Besides being ecologically viable these areas must represent the full range of ecosystems. The Government is committed to the development of a national comprehensive system of parks and reserves. This will be achieved in cooperation with States and Territories."
</blockquote>


Within the first 4 years (1992–1996) $11.2&nbsp;million was spent establishing the system and, with the cooperation and agreement of the Australian [[States and territories of Australia|States and territories]] 5,600 properties (covering almost 60&nbsp;million hectares) were included within the system and a new [[Indigenous Protected Area]] (IPA) program was initiated to include some of the most valuable and rare ecological landscapes on [[Indigenous Australian]] owned lands.<ref name="DEWHA02"/> 17 Indigenous Protected Area were declared by 2003 which significantly added to the NRS.<ref name="copl">{{cite book |title=Conservation on Private Lands: The Australian Experience |last=Figgis |first=Penny |year=2004 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=283170779X |page=9 |url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=F1QujacirIkC |accessdate=3 February 2013}}</ref>
Within the first 4 years (1992–1996) $11.2&nbsp;million was spent establishing the system and, with the cooperation and agreement of the Australian [[States and territories of Australia|States and territories]] 5,600 properties (covering almost {{convert|60|e6ha}}) were included within the system and a new [[Indigenous Protected Area]] (IPA) program was initiated to include some of the most valuable and rare ecological landscapes on [[Indigenous Australian]] owned lands.<ref name="DEWHA02"/> 17 Indigenous Protected Area were declared by 2003 which significantly added to the NRS.<ref name="copl">{{cite book |title=Conservation on Private Lands: The Australian Experience |last=Figgis |first=Penny |year=2004 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=283170779X |page=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F1QujacirIkC |access-date=3 February 2013}}</ref>


Within the next 10 years (1996–2007), with further substantial investment (through a [[National Heritage Trust]]) an additional 30 million hectares were added to the National Reserve System, two thirds of which were Indigenous Protected Areas. During this time, starting in 1999, [[Tasmania]] took a lead investing in partnerships to create protected areas on other private lands; and by 2005 all the states and territories re-affirmed their joint commitment to what was to be described as a national 'flagship in biodiversity conservation'.<ref name="DEWHA02"/>
Within the next 10 years (1996–2007), with further substantial investment (through a [[National Heritage Trust]]) an additional {{convert|30|e6ha}} were added to the National Reserve System, two thirds of which were Indigenous Protected Areas. During this time, starting in 1999, [[Tasmania]] took a lead investing in partnerships to create protected areas on other private lands; and by 2005 all the states and territories re-affirmed their joint commitment to what was to be described as a national 'flagship in biodiversity conservation'.<ref name="DEWHA02"/>


The National Reserve System continues to be an Australian Government priority, with continuing funding "target[ing] areas with low levels of protection, including the sub-tropical savanna from [[Cape York Peninsula|Cape York]] to the [[Kimberley (Western Australia)|Kimberley]], the [[Astrebla|Mitchell grass]] country of [[Regions_of_Queensland#North_West|north-west Queensland]] and arid [[central Australia]];<ref name="DEWHA02"/> continuing investment in indigenous protected areas;<ref name="DEWHA02"/> plus a new National Reserve System strategy identifying priorities and actions to be taken over the next 20 years.<ref name="DEWHA03">[http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/publications/nrs/nrsstrat.html Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts "Caring for Our Country: Strategy for Australia's National Reserve System 2009-2030" webpage]. Accessed 2 June 2010</ref>
The National Reserve System continues to be an Australian Government priority, with continuing funding "target[ing] areas with low levels of protection, including the sub-tropical savanna from [[Cape York Peninsula|Cape York]] to the [[Kimberley (Western Australia)|Kimberley]], the [[Astrebla|Mitchell grass]] country of [[Regions of Queensland#North West|north-west Queensland]] and arid [[central Australia]];<ref name="DEWHA02"/> continuing investment in indigenous protected areas;<ref name="DEWHA02"/> plus a new National Reserve System strategy identifying priorities and actions to be taken over the next 20 years.<ref name="DEWHA03">[http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/publications/nrs/nrsstrat.html Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts "Caring for Our Country: Strategy for Australia's National Reserve System 2009-2030" webpage]. Accessed 2 June 2010</ref>


==Appraisal==
==Appraisal==
The NRS has been praised by the [[WWF Australia]] as a successful, cost-effective conservation measure.<ref name="bsa">{{Cite news |url=http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/journal/big-success-australias-network-of-protected-areas.htm |title=Big success: Australia’s protected areas |author=Victoria Laurie |accessdate=3 February 2013 |date=15 July 2011 |journal=Australian Geographic }}</ref> [[CSIRO]] modelling has concluded that the NRS will be an important conservation tool to combat the effects of [[climate change in Australia]] on the environment.<ref name="mcn">{{cite web |url=http://www.csiro.au/Portals/Media/NRSreport2012.aspx |title=Major changes needed to protect Australia’s species and ecosystems |date=18 September 2012 |publisher=CSIRO |accessdate=3 February 2013 }}</ref>
The NRS has been praised by the [[World Wide Fund for Nature|WWF Australia]] as a successful, cost-effective conservation measure.<ref name="bsa">{{Cite news |url=http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/journal/big-success-australias-network-of-protected-areas.htm |title=Big success: Australia's protected areas |author=Victoria Laurie |access-date=3 February 2013 |date=15 July 2011 |journal=Australian Geographic |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130190612/http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/journal/big-success-australias-network-of-protected-areas.htm |archive-date=30 January 2013 }}</ref> [[CSIRO]] modelling has concluded that the NRS will be an important conservation tool to combat the effects of [[climate change in Australia]] on the environment.<ref name="mcn">{{cite web |url=http://www.csiro.au/Portals/Media/NRSreport2012.aspx |title=Major changes needed to protect Australia's species and ecosystems |date=18 September 2012 |publisher=CSIRO |access-date=3 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408033006/http://www.csiro.au/Portals/Media/NRSreport2012.aspx |archive-date=8 April 2013 }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Australia}}
{{Portal|Australia}}
* [[Indigenous Protected Area]]
* [[Protected areas of Australia]]
* [[Protected areas of Australia]]
* [[Protected areas of the Australian Capital Territory]]
* [[Protected areas of the Australian Capital Territory]]
Line 49: Line 60:
* [[Protected areas of Victoria]]
* [[Protected areas of Victoria]]
* [[Protected areas of Western Australia]]
* [[Protected areas of Western Australia]]
* [[Wild river#Wild_Rivers_in_Australia|Wild rivers]]
* [[Wild river#Australia|Wild rivers]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|30em}}


{{Australia topics}}
{{Australia topics}}


[[Category:Protected areas of Australia| ]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Australia]]

Latest revision as of 03:38, 8 December 2023

National Reserve System
Australia
Sample of Signage, within a Wet Tropics portion of National Reserve System
Established1992
Area> 137 million hectares (340×10^6 acres)
Managing authorities
WebsiteNational Reserve System
Locations of the National Reserve System in Australia (shown in green)

Australia's National Reserve System (NRS) is a network of more than 10,000 Commonwealth plus state and territory protected areas which,[1] in combination, on a national scale, protect more than 137 million hectares (340×10^6 acres), greater than 17% of the continent, of unique biodiversity and most significant ecological landscapes for future generations.[2] The aim of the NRS is protect the diversity of all native landscapes, flora and fauna across Australia through strategic habitat protection. It consists of public, indigenous and privately protected areas of land and inland freshwaters.[3]

As part of the National Reserve System Cooperative Program, the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia framework was developed as a planning tool to assist in identifying areas of priority.[4]

Protected areas on private lands

[edit]

Privately protected areas consist of privately owned areas where owners have entered into "in perpetuity" covenants which are governed by the various legislative Act of the states, territories and commonwealth of Australia.[5] Consequent to these laws, states, territories and commonwealth maintain registers of the lands and their covenants. See for example the NSW register.[6]

History

[edit]

The move by the Australian Government to establish this National Reserve System was triggered by the international Convention on Biological Diversity, as part of the nation's commitment to fulfilling the objectives of that convention.[7] In particular, after signing and ratifying the convention in 1992 the then Prime Minister, Paul Keating, announced [7]

The establishment of a comprehensive system of protected areas is vital if we are to retain our status as a region of megadiversity. Besides being ecologically viable these areas must represent the full range of ecosystems. The Government is committed to the development of a national comprehensive system of parks and reserves. This will be achieved in cooperation with States and Territories.

Within the first 4 years (1992–1996) $11.2 million was spent establishing the system and, with the cooperation and agreement of the Australian States and territories 5,600 properties (covering almost 60 million hectares (150×10^6 acres)) were included within the system and a new Indigenous Protected Area (IPA) program was initiated to include some of the most valuable and rare ecological landscapes on Indigenous Australian owned lands.[7] 17 Indigenous Protected Area were declared by 2003 which significantly added to the NRS.[8]

Within the next 10 years (1996–2007), with further substantial investment (through a National Heritage Trust) an additional 30 million hectares (74×10^6 acres) were added to the National Reserve System, two thirds of which were Indigenous Protected Areas. During this time, starting in 1999, Tasmania took a lead investing in partnerships to create protected areas on other private lands; and by 2005 all the states and territories re-affirmed their joint commitment to what was to be described as a national 'flagship in biodiversity conservation'.[7]

The National Reserve System continues to be an Australian Government priority, with continuing funding "target[ing] areas with low levels of protection, including the sub-tropical savanna from Cape York to the Kimberley, the Mitchell grass country of north-west Queensland and arid central Australia;[7] continuing investment in indigenous protected areas;[7] plus a new National Reserve System strategy identifying priorities and actions to be taken over the next 20 years.[9]

Appraisal

[edit]

The NRS has been praised by the WWF Australia as a successful, cost-effective conservation measure.[10] CSIRO modelling has concluded that the NRS will be an important conservation tool to combat the effects of climate change in Australia on the environment.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Tony Burke (6 July 2011). "WWF praise for Australia's natural safety net". Media Release. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  2. ^ Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts "Caring for Our Country: National Reserve System" webpage. Accessed 2 June 2010
  3. ^ The Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council (2009), Australia's Strategy for the National Reserve System 2009-2030 (PDF), Wikidata Q107258167
  4. ^ Wearing, Stephen; John Neil (2012). Ecotourism. Routledge. p. 97. ISBN 978-0750641371. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  5. ^ James A. Fitzsimons (3 February 2015). "Private protected areas in Australia: current status and future directions" (PDF). Nature Conservation. 10: 1–23. doi:10.3897/NATURECONSERVATION.10.8739. ISSN 1314-3301. Wikidata Q57270770.
  6. ^ NSW Public register of private land conservation agreements
  7. ^ a b c d e f Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts "Caring for Our Country: History of the National Reserve System" webpage. Accessed 2 June 2010
  8. ^ Figgis, Penny (2004). Conservation on Private Lands: The Australian Experience. IUCN. p. 9. ISBN 283170779X. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  9. ^ Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts "Caring for Our Country: Strategy for Australia's National Reserve System 2009-2030" webpage. Accessed 2 June 2010
  10. ^ Victoria Laurie (15 July 2011). "Big success: Australia's protected areas". Australian Geographic. Archived from the original on 30 January 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  11. ^ "Major changes needed to protect Australia's species and ecosystems". CSIRO. 18 September 2012. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
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