The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Novella by H. P. Lovecraft}} |
{{short description|Novella by H. P. Lovecraft}} |
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{{Infobox book | |
{{Infobox book | |
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| name = The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath |
| name = The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath |
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| image = |
| image = hplovecraft-manuscript-thedreamquestofunknownkadath.jpg |
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| caption = First page of H. P. Lovecraft's original manuscript to "The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath" |
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| caption = [[Ballantine Books]] edition cover |
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| author = [[H. P. Lovecraft]] |
| author = [[H. P. Lovecraft]] |
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| country = United States |
| country = United States |
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| language = English |
| language = English |
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| genre = [[Horror Fiction|Horror]], [[ |
| genre = [[Horror Fiction|Horror]], [[fantasy]] |
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| publisher = [[Arkham House]] |
| publisher = [[Arkham House]] |
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| release_date = 1943 |
| release_date = 1943 |
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'''''The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath''''' is a [[novella]] by American writer [[H. P. Lovecraft]]. Begun probably in the autumn of 1926, the draft was completed on January 22, [[1927 in literature|1927]] and it remained unrevised and unpublished in his lifetime. It is both the longest of the stories that make up his [[Dream Cycle]] and the longest Lovecraft work to feature protagonist [[Randolph Carter]]. Along with his 1927 novel ''[[The Case of Charles Dexter Ward]]'', it can be considered one of the significant achievements of that period of Lovecraft's writing. ''The Dream-Quest'' combines elements of horror and fantasy into an epic tale that illustrates the scope and wonder of humankind's ability to dream. |
'''''The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath''''' is a [[novella]] by American writer [[H. P. Lovecraft]]. Begun probably in the autumn of 1926, the draft was completed on January 22, [[1927 in literature|1927]] and it remained unrevised and unpublished in his lifetime. It is both the longest of the stories that make up his [[Dream Cycle]] and the longest Lovecraft work to feature protagonist [[Randolph Carter]]. Along with his 1927 novel ''[[The Case of Charles Dexter Ward]]'', it can be considered one of the significant achievements of that period of Lovecraft's writing. ''The Dream-Quest'' combines elements of horror and fantasy into an epic tale that illustrates the scope and wonder of humankind's ability to dream. |
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The story was published posthumously by [[Arkham House]] in [[1943 in literature|1943]].<ref>Lovecraft, H.P. and Joshi, S.T. (editor): ''Dreams in the Witch House and Other Weird Stories'', page 433. Penguin Classics, 2004.</ref> Currently, it is published by [[Ballantine Books]] in an anthology that also includes "[[The Silver Key]]" and "[[Through the Gates of the Silver Key]] |
The story was published posthumously by [[Arkham House]] in [[1943 in literature|1943]].<ref>Lovecraft, H. P., and Joshi, S. T. (editor): ''Dreams in the Witch House and Other Weird Stories'', page 433. Penguin Classics, 2004.</ref> Currently, it is published by [[Ballantine Books]] in an anthology that also includes "[[The Silver Key]]" and "[[Through the Gates of the Silver Key]]". The definitive version, with corrected text by [[S. T. Joshi]], is published by Arkham House in ''At the Mountains of Madness and Other Novels'' and by Penguin Classics in ''The Dreams in the Witch-House and Other Weird Stories''. |
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==Plot== |
==Plot== |
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<!--Note: spellings for names and places in the following synopsis are based on the definitive Arkham House version.--> |
<!--Note: spellings for names and places in the following synopsis are based on the definitive Arkham House version.--> |
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In his dreams, [[Randolph Carter]] sees a majestic city, but is unable to approach it. After the third time the city appears in his dreams, he prays to the gods of dream to reveal the city's whereabouts, but then the city vanishes from his dreams altogether. Undaunted, Carter resolves to beseech the gods in person at [[Kadath]], the mountain above which the gods of dream live. In dream, Carter consults priests in a temple that borders the [[Dreamlands]]. They tell Carter that nobody knows the location of Kadath, and warn him of great danger should he continue with his quest to reach the city and suggest that the gods purposefully stopped his visions. |
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Carter's knowledge of Dreamlands customs and languages makes his quest comparatively less risky than if done by an amateur, but he must consult entities with a dangerous reputation. The Zoogs, a race of predatory rodents, direct him to [[Ulthar]] to find the priest [[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#Atal|Atal]]. In the cat-laden city of Ulthar, Atal mentions a huge mountainside carving of the gods' features. Carter realizes the gods' mortal descendants will share those features and presumably be near Kadath. While seeking passage there, Carter is kidnapped by turbaned slavers, who take him to the moon and deliver him to horrible moon-beasts, the servants of malevolent god [[Nyarlathotep]]. The cats of Ulthar, Carter's allies, rescue him and return him to a port city. |
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===The quest begins=== |
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Carter enters the [[The Enchanted Wood (H. P. Lovecraft)|Enchanted Wood]] and meets the zoogs, a race of predatory and sapient rodents. For a novice, such an encounter could prove calamitous, but Carter is an experienced dreamer and so is knowledgeable of their language and customs. When Carter asks the zoogs about Kadath, they don't know where it is; instead, they suggest that Carter go to the town of [[Ulthar]] to find a wizened priest named [[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#Atal|Atal]] who is learned in the ways of the gods. |
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After a long journey, Carter finds the carving, recognizing the visage of the gods in traders who dock at [[Celephaïs]]. Before he can act on his knowledge, faceless, winged creatures called nightgaunts capture him and leave him to die in the underworld. Friendly [[ghoul]]s, including Carter's friend [[Richard Pickman]], assist him in returning to the surface by sneaking through the terrible city of the man-eating Gugs. After assisting the cats in repelling a Zoog sneak attack, Carter buys passage to Celephaïs and learns from the sailors that the traders come from Inganok,<ref>Some versions of the text use "Inquanok", which came from [[August Derleth]]'s misreading of Lovecraft's manuscript when he originally published the story. (Harms, "Inganok", ''[[The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana]]'', p. 149).</ref> a cold and dark land devoid of cats. |
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In the cat-laden city of Ulthar, Carter visits Atal, who mentions a huge carving wrought on Ngranek's hidden side that shows the features of the gods. Carter realizes that if he can go to Ngranek, examine the carving, and then find a place where mortals share those features and are thus related to the gods, he must be near Kadath. |
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Carter meets Celephaïs' king, his friend Kuranes, who became a permanent resident of the Dreamlands upon his death in the waking world. Longing for home, he has dreamed parts of his kingdom to resemble his native [[Cornwall]]. Kuranes knows the pitfalls of the Dreamlands well but fails to dissuade Carter from his quest. Under the pretense of wishing to work in its quarries, Carter boards a ship bound for Inganok. As they draw near, Carter spots a nameless island from which he hears strange howls. At a breathtaking summit near a quarry, Carter is captured by a merchant he had previously encountered. Monstrous birds fly them over the Plateau of Leng, a vast tableland populated by [[Pan (mythology)|Pan]]-like horned humanoid beings. |
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=== Voyage to Oriab Isle === |
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Carter goes to Dylath-Leen to secure passage to [[Oriab]]. Dylath-Leen is infamous for the black [[galley]]s that frequent its harbors. These galleys are steered by oarsmen who are never seen and crewed by [[turban]]ed men that trade curious-looking [[rubies]] for slaves and [[gold]]. |
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Carter is brought to a monastery inhabited by the dreaded High Priest Not to Be Described. There, Carter learns that the Men of Leng are the slavers who captured him, and had worn turbans to conceal their horns. He also learns that the nightgaunts do not serve Nyarlathotep, as is commonly supposed, but [[Nodens (Cthulhu Mythos)|Nodens]], and that even Earth's gods fear them. Carter recoils in horror as he realizes the masked high-priest's true identity. Carter flees through maze-like corridors, wandering through the monastery in pitch-black darkness until he chances on the exit. |
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Randolph Carter's quest is interrupted when he is captured by the turbaned men and flown to the moon on one of their notorious black galleys. Once there, he learns that the turbaned men are slaves to the terrifying [[moon-beasts]]. A procession of moon-beasts and their slaves escort Carter across the moon to deliver him to the Crawling Chaos [[Nyarlathotep]] (one of the Outer Gods who rule space, in contrast to the [[Great Ones]], the gods of earth). He is saved by the cats of Ulthar, who slay his captors and return Carter to earth's Dreamlands in the port of Dylath-Leen. |
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After rescuing several ghouls from the Men of Leng, Carter and the ghoul reinforcements attack a moon-beast outpost on the nameless rock. In a nearby city, Carter obtains the services of a flock of nightgaunts to transport himself and the ghouls to the gods' castle on Kadath. After a long flight, Carter arrives at Kadath but finds it empty. A great procession led by a [[pharaoh]]-like man arrives. The pharaoh reveals himself as Nyarlathotep and tells Carter that the city of his dreams is the childhood memories of his home city of Boston. The gods of earth have seen the city of Carter's dreams and made it their home, abandoning Kadath and their responsibilities. |
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Carter boards a ship sailing to [[Oriab#Baharna|Baharna]], a great seaport on the isle of Oriab. On the way to Oriab and while he travels across the island riding a [[zebra]], Carter hears dark whispers about the [[night-gaunt]]s, though they are never properly described. Carter makes a treacherous climb across Ngranek and discovers the gigantic carving of the gods on its far side. He is surprised to see that the features match those of sailors who trade at the port of [[Celephaïs]], but before he can act on this knowledge, he is snatched away by the night-gaunts and left to die in the Vale of Pnath<ref>Uncorrected versions of the text use the spelling "Pnoth".</ref> in the underworld. |
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⚫ | Impressed with Carter's resolve, Nyarlathotep grants Carter passage to the city to recall the gods of earth, but Carter realizes too late that the mocking Nyarlathotep has tricked him, and he is being taken to the court of [[Azathoth]] at the center of the universe. At first believing he is doomed, Carter suddenly remembers that he is in a dream and wakes. Nyarlathotep broods over his defeat within the halls of Kadath, mocking in anger the "mild gods of earth" whom he has snatched back from the sunset city. |
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Carter is rescued by friendly [[ghouls]], amongst them Richard Pickman, a friend of Carter's, the protagonist of another of Lovecraft's stories, [[Pickman's Model]], and who is now also a ghoul, who agree to return him to the upper Dreamlands. They make their way to the terrible city of the gugs to reach the Tower of Koth, wherein a winding stairway leads to the surface. Finding the city asleep, Carter and the ghouls attempt to sneak past the snoring gugs. The ghasts, the gugs' traditional enemies, begin an attack, but the group manages to ascend the stairway and open the great trapdoor to the Enchanted Wood. |
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== Characters == |
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===Journey to Celephaïs=== |
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Lovecraft included elements and characters from previous stories, many of which had been influenced by [[Lord Dunsany]], in ''Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath'', though they are not always depicted consistently.<ref name=dunsany>{{cite book|title=Lovecraft and Influence: His Predecessors and Successors|last=Schweitzer|first=Darrell|chapter=Lovecraft's Debt to Lord Dunsany|publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]]|year=2013|pages=62–63|isbn=978-0-8108-9116-6}}</ref> |
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Here Carter comes upon a gathering of zoogs and finds that they plan to make war on the cats of Ulthar. Not wanting to see his friends harmed, Carter warns the cats, enabling them to launch a surprise attack on the zoogs. After a brief skirmish, the zoogs are defeated. To abate further hostilities, the zoogs agree to a new treaty with the cats of Ulthar. |
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* [[Randolph Carter]] has the ability to enter the [[Dreamlands]], an alternate dimension accessible through dreams. He appears in several other Lovecraft stories: "[[The Statement of Randolph Carter]]", "[[The Unnamable (short story)|The Unnamable]]", "[[The Silver Key]]", and "[[Through the Gates of the Silver Key]]". He is modeled after the author himself and represents his philosophical views.<ref>{{cite book|title=An H.P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia|last1=Joshi|first1=S. T.|last2=Schultz|first2=David E.|year=2001|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|isbn=0-313-31578-7|page=31}}</ref> |
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* [[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#Pickman, Richard Upton|Richard Upton Pickman]] appears as a ghoul. The character first appeared in "[[Pickman's Model]]" (1927), in which he was still a living human artist.<ref name=dunsany/> He is reported to have disappeared with his family's copy of the [[Necronomicon]] in 1926 in Lovecraft's short story "[[History of the Necronomicon]]". |
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Carter reaches the city of Thran and buys passage on a [[galleon]] to Celephaïs. While en route, Carter asks the sailors about the men who trade in Celephaïs—the ones he believes to be kin to the gods. He learns that they are from the cold, dark land of Inquanok or Inganok<ref>Some versions of the text use "Inquanok", which came from [[August Derleth]]'s misreading of Lovecraft's manuscript when he originally published the story. (Harms, "Inganok", ''The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana'', p. 149).</ref> and that few people dare to travel there. Even more ominous, there are no cats there. The plateau of Leng with its inhuman treacheries is too near. |
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⚫ | * The priest [[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#Atal|Atal]] appears as a boy and youth in two earlier tales, "[[The Cats of Ulthar]]" (1920) and "[[The Other Gods]]" (1933), respectively, which fully describe places and events alluded to in ''The Dream Quest of Unknown Kadath''.<ref>{{cite book|title=An H.P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia|last1=Joshi|first1=S. T.|last2=Schultz|first2=David E.|year=2001|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|isbn=0-313-31578-7|page=13}}</ref> |
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⚫ | * [[Nyarlathotep]], the Crawling Chaos, is frequently mentioned in Lovecraft's [[Cthulhu Mythos]] tales, but his appearance here is the only time during which Nyarlathotep interacts meaningfully with any of Lovecraft's human characters. Nyarlathotep also appears in the sonnet cycle ''[[Fungi from Yuggoth]]''. |
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In Celephaïs, Carter meets his old friend [[Kuranes]], the king of the city. Kuranes is an old dreamer whom Carter knew in the waking world, but when he died, he became a permanent resident of the Dreamlands. Longing for home, he has dreamed parts of his kingdom to resemble his native [[Cornwall]]. Kuranes knows the pitfalls of the Dreamlands all too well and tries to dissuade Carter from his dangerous quest. Carter, however, will not be deterred. |
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* Nodens (an [[Elder God (Cthulhu Mythos)|Elder God]]) is also described in "[[The Strange High House in the Mist]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/books-comics/lovecraft/27427/the-10-scariest-monsters-from-lovecrafts-cthulu-mythos|title=The 10 scariest monsters from Lovecraft's Cthulu Mythos|last=Voss|first=Kate|work=[[Den of Geek]]|date=2013-09-27|access-date=2020-02-09}}</ref> [[Fritz Leiber]] wrote that the gods in Lovecraft's fiction are typically depicted as "either malevolent or, at best, cruelly indifferent". Nodens is an exception to this, which Leiber says could be an attempt to explain why the more malevolent gods have not overrun humanity.<ref>{{cite book|title=Discovering H.P. Lovecraft|last=Leiber|first=Fritz|publisher=[[Wildside Press]]|year=2001|isbn=1-58715-470-6|page=10}}</ref> |
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===Trek into the Cold Waste=== |
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Under the pretense of wishing to work in its quarries, Carter boards a ship bound for Inganok, a nation built of [[onyx]]. The trip to Inganok takes three weeks, but as they draw near, Carter spots a strange [[granite]] island. When he inquires about the mysterious isle, the captain explains that it is the nameless rock, and it is best to not speak of it. That night, Carter hears strange howls from the nameless island. |
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When Carter arrives at Inganok, he purchases a [[yak]] and heads northward, in the hope that past the onyx quarries he will find Kadath. Carter ascends a steep ridge beyond which nothing is visible but sky. At the summit, he looks out and gets a breathtaking view of a gargantuan quarry. Carter sets off toward this quarry, but his yak, spooked, abandons him. |
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Carter is captured by a slant-eyed man, whom he has met before among the merchants of Dylath-Leen. The slant-eyed man summons a shantak-bird, which both ride over the Plateau of Leng, a vast tableland populated by [[Pan (mythology)|Pan]]-like beings. Arriving at a [[monastery]] wherein dwells the dreaded [[High Priest Not to Be Described]], Carter now suspects that the slant-eyed man is yet another conspirator of the forces that seek to thwart his quest. |
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The slant-eyed man leads Carter through the monastery to a domed room with a circular well, which Carter speculates leads to the Vaults of Zin in the underworld. Herein, the high-priest, wearing a silken robe and a mask, is waiting. Carter learns that the Men of Leng are the same beings that conceal their horns under turbans and trade in Dylath-Leen. He also learns that the night-gaunts do not serve Nyarlathotep as is commonly supposed, but [[Nodens (Cthulhu Mythos)|Nodens]], and that even Earth's Gods are afraid of them. It is never revealed to the reader who the high-priest in the silken mask is, but Carter recoils from it in horror. |
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When the slant-eyed man is momentarily distracted, Carter pushes him into the well and escapes through the maze-like corridors. In pitch-black darkness, Carter wanders through the monastery, fearing he is being pursued by the High Priest Not to Be Described. At last reaching the outside, Carter realizes that he is in the ruins of ancient [[Sarkomand]], which lies near the coast. |
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Soon he encounters the ghouls that helped him earlier once more. The Men of Leng have taken them hostage on their ship, and they are to be taken to the nameless rock, revealed to be a moon-beast outpost. Carter summons the rest of the ghouls from the underworld and they take control of the galley. After releasing their kin, they sail on to the nameless rock and fight a pitched battle against the moon-beasts. Emerging victorious, and fearing the arrival of reinforcements, Carter and the ghouls return to Sarkomand. Once there, Carter obtains the services of a flock of night-gaunts to transport himself and the ghouls to the gods' castle on Kadath. |
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===Conclusion=== |
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After an exhilarating flight, Carter arrives at last at the abode of the gods, but finds it empty. Finally a great procession arrives with much fanfare, led by a [[pharaoh]]-like man who explains to Carter that the gods of earth have seen the city of Carter's dreams and decided to make it their home, and have thus abandoned Kadath. The gods walk no more in the ways of gods, and have become instead mere denizens of the jewelled city Carter had glimpsed in his dreams, which is nothing but childhood memories of his home city of Boston. "It is not over unknown seas," he says, "but back over well-known years that your quest must go; back to the bright strange things of infancy and the quick sun-drenched glimpses of magic that old scenes brought to wide young eyes. For know you, that your gold and marble city of wonder is only the sum of what you have seen and loved in youth... These things you saw, Randolph Carter, when your nurse first wheeled you out in the springtime, and they will be the last things you will ever see with eyes of memory and of love." This mysterious man then reveals his identity—he is [[Nyarlathotep]], the Crawling Chaos, the emissary of the Other Gods who dwell in the blackness of space. |
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The final lines of the story find Nyarlathotep brooding over his defeat within the halls of Kadath, mocking in anger the "mild gods of earth" whom he has snatched back from the sunset city. |
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==Connections to other Lovecraft tales== |
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* Several of Lovecraft's short stories might be understood as laying the mythological groundwork for "The Dream Quest of Unknown Kadath" to include: "[[Polaris (short story)]]," "[[Memory (H. P. Lovecraft)|Memory]]," "[[The White Ship (story)|The White Ship]]," "[[The Doom that Came to Sarnath]]," "[[The Cats of Ulthar]]," "[[Celephaïs]]," "[[Nyarlathotep]]" (an Outer God and/or Other God), "[[Ex Oblivione]]," "[[The Nameless City]]," "[[The Quest of Iranon]]," "[[The Other Gods]]," "Hypnos" (an Elder God), "[[Azathoth]]" (an Outer God and/or Other God), and "The History of the [[Necronomicon]]." Reading these short stories before "The Dream Quest of Unknown Kadath" and consulting a map of H. P. Lovecraft's [[Dreamlands]] can improve the readers understanding of Lovecraftian mythos. |
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* [[Randolph Carter]] appears as the protagonist in a cycle of Lovecraft's stories which might best be read in this order: "[[The Statement of Randolph Carter]], "[[The Unnamable (short story)|The Unnamable]]," "[[The Silver Key]]," "The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath" and "[[Through the Gates of the Silver Key]]." |
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* [[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#Pickman, Richard Upton|Richard Upton Pickman]] appears as a ghoul in "The Dream Quest of the Unknown Kadath." The character first appeared in "[[Pickman's Model]]" ([[1927 in literature|1927]]) in which he was still a living human artist who paints the nightmare creatures that he calls forth as models. He is reported to have disappeared with his family's copy of the [[Necronomicon]] in 1926 in Lovecraft's short story "The History of the [[Necronomicon]]." Two other Lovecraft characters share the Pickman name -- Nathaniel Derby Pickman ([[At the Mountains of Madness]]) and Edwin Pickman Derby ([[The Thing on the Doorstep]]) -- yet it is unclear if they are in any way related to the artist R. U. Pickman. The character seems to be loosely modeled upon the Classical-period artist [[Henry Fuseli]] (referenced in Lovecraft's "[[Pickman's Model]]" and "[[The Colour out of Space]]") whose most famous painting is [[The Nightmare]] (1781). |
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⚫ | * The priest [[Cthulhu Mythos biographies#Atal|Atal]] appears as a boy and youth in two earlier tales, "[[The Cats of Ulthar]]" ( |
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⚫ | * [[Nyarlathotep]], the Crawling Chaos, is frequently mentioned in Lovecraft's [[Cthulhu Mythos]] tales, but his appearance here is the only time during which Nyarlathotep interacts meaningfully with any of Lovecraft's human characters. Nyarlathotep also appears in the sonnet cycle [[Fungi from Yuggoth]]. |
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* Nodens (an Elder God) is also described in "[[The Strange High House in the Mist]]." |
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* Carter alludes to the travels of the lighthouse keeper and main character of "[[The White Ship (story)|The White Ship]]". |
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* The [[Plateau of Leng]] is referenced in several of Lovecraft's other works including [[Celephaïs]], [[The Hound]], [[The Whisperer in Darkness]] and ''[[At the Mountains of Madness]]'', although its location differs in each instance. |
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* [[Kadath]] is mentioned first in Lovecraft's short story [[The Other Gods]], and later in [[The Strange High House in the Mist]] and by name in an extended quote from the [[Necronomicon]] found in [[The Dunwich Horror]]. Kadath is also briefly mentioned in ''[[At the Mountains of Madness]]''. |
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* The [[Pnakotic Manuscripts]], a fictitious ancient book, is also mentioned in Lovecraft's "[[Polaris (short story)]]," "[[The Other Gods]]," "[[The Whisperer in Darkness]]," "[[At the Mountains of Madness]]," "[[Through the Gates of the Silver Key]]," "[[The Shadow out of Time]]" and "[[The Haunter of the Dark]]." |
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* The Sign of Koth is mentioned in ''[[The Case of Charles Dexter Ward]]'' as inscribed on a tower in the dreamworld (to keep the gugs from returning to upper dreamland) and as having strange attributes. It is also inscribed in the catacombs under Curwen's long abandoned house. Neither novelette was published in Lovecraft's lifetime. |
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==Inspiration== |
==Inspiration== |
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In 1948, [[Arthur C. Clarke]] sent [[Lord Dunsany]] a copy of ''[[The Arkham Sampler]]'' containing part of ''The Dream-Quest''. Dunsany responded: "I see Lovecraft borrowed my style, & I don't grudge it to him".<ref>[[Darrell Schweitzer]], Review of Keith Allan Daniels, "Arthur C. Clarke & Lord Dunsany: A Correspondence by Keith Allen Daniels". ''Weird Tales'', DNA Publications, Fall 1998 (p. 9).</ref> |
In 1948, [[Arthur C. Clarke]] sent [[Lord Dunsany]] a copy of ''[[The Arkham Sampler]]'' containing part of ''The Dream-Quest''. Dunsany responded: "I see Lovecraft borrowed my style, & I don't grudge it to him".<ref>[[Darrell Schweitzer]], Review of Keith Allan Daniels, "Arthur C. Clarke & Lord Dunsany: A Correspondence by Keith Allen Daniels". ''Weird Tales'', DNA Publications, Fall 1998 (p. 9).</ref> |
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==Adaptations== |
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* In 1988, a video game adaptation was released for [[ZX-Spectrum]], titled ''The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0021008|title=Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath, The - World of Spectrum|website=Worldofspectrum.org|accessdate=3 October 2017}}</ref> |
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* In 1995, the German [[Progressive rock|prog rock]] band Payne's Gray released a concept CD based on Dream-Quest, ''Kadath Decoded''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ZyFoBl6M6LEC&pg=PA228&lpg=PA228&dq=%22Payne's+Gray%22+Kadath+Decoded#v=onepage&q=%22Payne's+Gray%22+Kadath+Decoded&f=false|title=The Strange Sound of Cthulhu: Music Inspired by the Writings of H. P. Lovecraft|first=Gary|last=Hill|date=3 October 2017|publisher=Lulu.com|accessdate=3 October 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9781847287762}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004040520/http://www.e-prog.net/bands/paynesgray.htm|title=Payne's Gray Page|first=A. Mark|last=Fonda|website=E-prog.net|accessdate=3 October 2017}}</ref> |
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* From 1997-1999, a five-issue comic book adaptation was drawn by [[Jason Thompson (writer)|Jason Thompson]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jason Thompson|url=http://www.sequentialtart.com/article.php?id=1518|website=SequentialTart|accessdate=2015-02-18}}</ref> |
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* The art of Thompson's comic was used as the basis for an animated [[feature film|feature]] film adaptation of the novel, directed by Edward Martin III, with Thompson's involvement in drawing additional art and help from volunteers and Lovecraft fans from around the world. The film premiered on October 11, 2003 at the H. P. Lovecraft Film Festival and was later released on DVD.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0384057/|title=The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath|date=11 October 2003|website=IMDb.com|accessdate=3 October 2017|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hellbendermedia.com/Features_Dreamquest.html|title=The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath - Hellbender Media|website=Hellbendermedia.com|accessdate=3 October 2017}}</ref> In 2004, the film's composer Cyoakha Grace O'Manion released a concept album featuring the film's original soundtrack with extended tracks and additional music, called ''Unknown Music from Dream Quest of Kadath''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdbaby.com/cd/cyoakha|title=♫ Unknown Music from Dream Quest of Kadath - Cyoakha Grace O'Manion|website=Cdbaby.com|accessdate=3 October 2017}}</ref> In November 2011, Thompson successfully raised money on [[Kickstarter]] for the graphic novel ''The Dream Quest of Unknown Kadath and Other Stories'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/22092473/the-dream-quest-of-unknown-kadath-and-other-storie?ref=card|title=The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath and Other Stories|website=Kickstarter|accessdate=3 October 2017}}</ref> containing a reprint of his 122-page Kadath story, and three additional stories from the Dreamlands series. The book began shipping in March 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13558064-the-dream-quest-of-unknown-kadath-other-stories|title=The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath & Other Stories|website=Goodreads.com|accessdate=3 October 2017}}</ref> |
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* In 2007, a concept album titled ''Kadath - The Dream Quest'' was released by XCross.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thethunderchild.com/Music/ConceptAlbums/Kadath.html|title=Review of Kadath: A Concept Album, by XCross|website=thethunderchild.com|accessdate=3 October 2017}}</ref> |
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* In 2012, issue one of a comic adaptation titled ''The Dream Quest of Randolph Carter'' drawn by Oxford artist Charles Cutting was released.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comicbitsonline.com/2012/11/18/cutting-the-dream-quest-of-randolph-carter-1|title=Cutting: The Dream Quest of Randolph Carter 1|last=Hooper-Scharf|first=Terry|date=18 November 2012|website=ComicBitsOnline.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719102713/http://www.comicbitsonline.com/2012/11/18/cutting-the-dream-quest-of-randolph-carter-1|archive-date=19 July 2013|url-status=dead|accessdate=3 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theillustratedape.com/archive/|title=Archive - The Illustrated Ape|website=Theillustratedape.com|accessdate=3 October 2017}}</ref> In 2015 Sloth Comics released the completed adaptation.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kadath : or The Dream Quest of Randolph Carter|first=Charles|last=Cutting|date=11 June 2015|publisher=Sloth Comics|id= {{ASIN|1908830077|country=uk}}}}</ref> |
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* In 2014, a graphic novel adaptation by I.N.J. Culbard was released by the independent publishing house [[Self Made Hero]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.selfmadehero.com/title.php?isbn=9781906838850&edition_id=250|title=The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath|website=Selfmadehero.com|accessdate=3 October 2017}}</ref> |
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* In 2016, [[Tor.com]] published [[Kij Johnson]]'s short novel ''[[The Dream-Quest of Vellitt Boe]]'', which depicts the Dreamlands from the viewpoint of a native. |
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*In 2018, a music video "Entrance to the Cold Waste" by The Sixth Chamber, was released based on The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath. |
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===Mentions in other works=== |
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In the sixth season of ''[[Northern Exposure]]'' (1995), the main character of Joel Fleischman goes on a quest to find Alaska's "Lost Jewel City of the North", only to realize that it is his beloved hometown of New York. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==Sources== |
==Sources== |
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* {{cite book|last=Harms|first=Daniel|title=The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana| |
* {{cite book |last=Harms |first=Daniel |year=1998 |title=The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediacthu00dani |edition=2nd |location=Oakland, CA |publisher=Chaosium |isbn=978-1-56882-119-1 |url-access=registration}} |
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* Lovecraft, Howard P. ''The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath'' (1926) |
* Lovecraft, Howard P. ''The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath'' (1926). In S. T. Joshi (ed.). ''At the Mountains of Madness and Other Novels'' (7th corrected printing). Sauk City, WI: Arkham House, 1985. {{ISBN|0-87054-038-6}}. |
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* Schweitzer, Darrell |
* Schweitzer, Darrell, ed. (2001). ''Discovering H. P. Lovecraft''. Holicong, PA: Wildside Press. {{ISBN|1-58715-470-6}}. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* {{isfdb title|69741}} |
* {{isfdb title|69741}} |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111127124349/http://www.pitaka.ch/ricius.htm ''Somnis Quaeritur Ignota Cadath'' (Latin Translation by Alexander Ricius)] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111127124349/http://www.pitaka.ch/ricius.htm ''Somnis Quaeritur Ignota Cadath'' (Latin Translation by Alexander Ricius)] |
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* [http://www.hplfilmfestival.com/ The H. P. Lovecraft Film Festival] |
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* [http://thethunderchild.com/Music/ConceptAlbums/Kadath.html Review of ''Kadath - The Dream Quest Concept Album''] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030704002249/http://wizards.com/default.asp?x=books%2Fmain%2Fclassicsdreamquest Review of the novella from Wizards of the Coast's John D. Rateliff] |
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{{Works of H. P. Lovecraft}} |
{{Works of H. P. Lovecraft}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Novels about dreams]] |
[[Category:Novels about dreams]] |
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[[Category:Weird fiction novels]] |
[[Category:Weird fiction novels]] |
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[[Category:Arkham House books]] |
Latest revision as of 08:19, 9 December 2023
Author | H. P. Lovecraft |
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Language | English |
Genre | Horror, fantasy |
Publisher | Arkham House |
Publication date | 1943 |
Publication place | United States |
Text | The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath at Wikisource |
The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath is a novella by American writer H. P. Lovecraft. Begun probably in the autumn of 1926, the draft was completed on January 22, 1927 and it remained unrevised and unpublished in his lifetime. It is both the longest of the stories that make up his Dream Cycle and the longest Lovecraft work to feature protagonist Randolph Carter. Along with his 1927 novel The Case of Charles Dexter Ward, it can be considered one of the significant achievements of that period of Lovecraft's writing. The Dream-Quest combines elements of horror and fantasy into an epic tale that illustrates the scope and wonder of humankind's ability to dream.
The story was published posthumously by Arkham House in 1943.[1] Currently, it is published by Ballantine Books in an anthology that also includes "The Silver Key" and "Through the Gates of the Silver Key". The definitive version, with corrected text by S. T. Joshi, is published by Arkham House in At the Mountains of Madness and Other Novels and by Penguin Classics in The Dreams in the Witch-House and Other Weird Stories.
Plot
[edit]In his dreams, Randolph Carter sees a majestic city, but is unable to approach it. After the third time the city appears in his dreams, he prays to the gods of dream to reveal the city's whereabouts, but then the city vanishes from his dreams altogether. Undaunted, Carter resolves to beseech the gods in person at Kadath, the mountain above which the gods of dream live. In dream, Carter consults priests in a temple that borders the Dreamlands. They tell Carter that nobody knows the location of Kadath, and warn him of great danger should he continue with his quest to reach the city and suggest that the gods purposefully stopped his visions.
Carter's knowledge of Dreamlands customs and languages makes his quest comparatively less risky than if done by an amateur, but he must consult entities with a dangerous reputation. The Zoogs, a race of predatory rodents, direct him to Ulthar to find the priest Atal. In the cat-laden city of Ulthar, Atal mentions a huge mountainside carving of the gods' features. Carter realizes the gods' mortal descendants will share those features and presumably be near Kadath. While seeking passage there, Carter is kidnapped by turbaned slavers, who take him to the moon and deliver him to horrible moon-beasts, the servants of malevolent god Nyarlathotep. The cats of Ulthar, Carter's allies, rescue him and return him to a port city.
After a long journey, Carter finds the carving, recognizing the visage of the gods in traders who dock at Celephaïs. Before he can act on his knowledge, faceless, winged creatures called nightgaunts capture him and leave him to die in the underworld. Friendly ghouls, including Carter's friend Richard Pickman, assist him in returning to the surface by sneaking through the terrible city of the man-eating Gugs. After assisting the cats in repelling a Zoog sneak attack, Carter buys passage to Celephaïs and learns from the sailors that the traders come from Inganok,[2] a cold and dark land devoid of cats.
Carter meets Celephaïs' king, his friend Kuranes, who became a permanent resident of the Dreamlands upon his death in the waking world. Longing for home, he has dreamed parts of his kingdom to resemble his native Cornwall. Kuranes knows the pitfalls of the Dreamlands well but fails to dissuade Carter from his quest. Under the pretense of wishing to work in its quarries, Carter boards a ship bound for Inganok. As they draw near, Carter spots a nameless island from which he hears strange howls. At a breathtaking summit near a quarry, Carter is captured by a merchant he had previously encountered. Monstrous birds fly them over the Plateau of Leng, a vast tableland populated by Pan-like horned humanoid beings.
Carter is brought to a monastery inhabited by the dreaded High Priest Not to Be Described. There, Carter learns that the Men of Leng are the slavers who captured him, and had worn turbans to conceal their horns. He also learns that the nightgaunts do not serve Nyarlathotep, as is commonly supposed, but Nodens, and that even Earth's gods fear them. Carter recoils in horror as he realizes the masked high-priest's true identity. Carter flees through maze-like corridors, wandering through the monastery in pitch-black darkness until he chances on the exit.
After rescuing several ghouls from the Men of Leng, Carter and the ghoul reinforcements attack a moon-beast outpost on the nameless rock. In a nearby city, Carter obtains the services of a flock of nightgaunts to transport himself and the ghouls to the gods' castle on Kadath. After a long flight, Carter arrives at Kadath but finds it empty. A great procession led by a pharaoh-like man arrives. The pharaoh reveals himself as Nyarlathotep and tells Carter that the city of his dreams is the childhood memories of his home city of Boston. The gods of earth have seen the city of Carter's dreams and made it their home, abandoning Kadath and their responsibilities.
Impressed with Carter's resolve, Nyarlathotep grants Carter passage to the city to recall the gods of earth, but Carter realizes too late that the mocking Nyarlathotep has tricked him, and he is being taken to the court of Azathoth at the center of the universe. At first believing he is doomed, Carter suddenly remembers that he is in a dream and wakes. Nyarlathotep broods over his defeat within the halls of Kadath, mocking in anger the "mild gods of earth" whom he has snatched back from the sunset city.
Characters
[edit]Lovecraft included elements and characters from previous stories, many of which had been influenced by Lord Dunsany, in Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath, though they are not always depicted consistently.[3]
- Randolph Carter has the ability to enter the Dreamlands, an alternate dimension accessible through dreams. He appears in several other Lovecraft stories: "The Statement of Randolph Carter", "The Unnamable", "The Silver Key", and "Through the Gates of the Silver Key". He is modeled after the author himself and represents his philosophical views.[4]
- Richard Upton Pickman appears as a ghoul. The character first appeared in "Pickman's Model" (1927), in which he was still a living human artist.[3] He is reported to have disappeared with his family's copy of the Necronomicon in 1926 in Lovecraft's short story "History of the Necronomicon".
- The priest Atal appears as a boy and youth in two earlier tales, "The Cats of Ulthar" (1920) and "The Other Gods" (1933), respectively, which fully describe places and events alluded to in The Dream Quest of Unknown Kadath.[5]
- Nyarlathotep, the Crawling Chaos, is frequently mentioned in Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos tales, but his appearance here is the only time during which Nyarlathotep interacts meaningfully with any of Lovecraft's human characters. Nyarlathotep also appears in the sonnet cycle Fungi from Yuggoth.
- Nodens (an Elder God) is also described in "The Strange High House in the Mist".[6] Fritz Leiber wrote that the gods in Lovecraft's fiction are typically depicted as "either malevolent or, at best, cruelly indifferent". Nodens is an exception to this, which Leiber says could be an attempt to explain why the more malevolent gods have not overrun humanity.[7]
- Kuranes was introduced in the short story "Celephaïs" (1920), as a person who abandoned his earthly life in favor of the Dreamlands.[8]
Inspiration
[edit]Like Lovecraft's novel fragment "Azathoth" (1922, published 1938), The Dream-Quest appears to have been influenced by Vathek, a 1786 novel by William Thomas Beckford that "is similarly an exotic fantasy written without chapter divisions".[9] Critics such as Will Murray and David E. Schultz, in fact, have suggested that The Dream-Quest is in effect a second attempt at completing the abandoned novel Azathoth.[10]
While the influence of the fantasies of Lord Dunsany on Lovecraft's Dream Cycle is often mentioned, Robert M. Price argues that a more direct model for The Dream-Quest is provided by the six Mars ("Barsoom") novels of Edgar Rice Burroughs that had been published by 1927. It's been noted, however, that there is little in common between John Carter, a classic action hero, outstanding warrior and rescuer of princesses, and Randolph Carter, a melancholy figure, quiet and contemplative, who never actually fights any of his enemies, is captured several times, and needs his friends to rescue him again and again.[11] Elsewhere, Price maintains that L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) was also a significant influence on The Dream-Quest, pointing out that in both books the main character chooses in the end to return "home" as the best place to be.
An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia cites Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Marble Faun and "The Great Stone Face" as influences.[12]
Reception
[edit]The Dream-Quest has evoked a broad range of reactions, "some HPL enthusiasts finding it almost unreadable and others... comparing it to the Alice books and the fantasies of George MacDonald."[13] Joanna Russ referred to The Dream-Quest as "charming... but alas, never rewritten or polished".[14]
Lovecraft himself declared that "it isn't much good; but forms useful practice for later and more authentic attempts in the novel form." He expressed concern while writing it that "Randolph Carter's adventures may have reached the point of palling on the reader; or that the very plethora of weird imagery may have destroyed the power of any one image to produce the desired impression of strangeness."[15]
In 1948, Arthur C. Clarke sent Lord Dunsany a copy of The Arkham Sampler containing part of The Dream-Quest. Dunsany responded: "I see Lovecraft borrowed my style, & I don't grudge it to him".[16]
References
[edit]- ^ Lovecraft, H. P., and Joshi, S. T. (editor): Dreams in the Witch House and Other Weird Stories, page 433. Penguin Classics, 2004.
- ^ Some versions of the text use "Inquanok", which came from August Derleth's misreading of Lovecraft's manuscript when he originally published the story. (Harms, "Inganok", The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana, p. 149).
- ^ a b Schweitzer, Darrell (2013). "Lovecraft's Debt to Lord Dunsany". Lovecraft and Influence: His Predecessors and Successors. Scarecrow Press. pp. 62–63. ISBN 978-0-8108-9116-6.
- ^ Joshi, S. T.; Schultz, David E. (2001). An H.P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 31. ISBN 0-313-31578-7.
- ^ Joshi, S. T.; Schultz, David E. (2001). An H.P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 13. ISBN 0-313-31578-7.
- ^ Voss, Kate (2013-09-27). "The 10 scariest monsters from Lovecraft's Cthulu Mythos". Den of Geek. Retrieved 2020-02-09.
- ^ Leiber, Fritz (2001). Discovering H.P. Lovecraft. Wildside Press. p. 10. ISBN 1-58715-470-6.
- ^ Joshi, S. T. (1996). A Subtler Magick. Wildside Press. p. 115. ISBN 1880448610.
- ^ S.T. Joshi and David E. Schultz, An H.P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia (New York: Hippocampus Press, 2001), p. 74.
- ^ Price, The Azathoth Cycle, p. vii.
- ^ S.T. Joshi and David E. Schultz, An H.P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia (New York: Hippocampus Press, 2001), pp. 263-85.
- ^ Joshi and Schultz, p. 107.
- ^ Joshi and Schultz, p. 74.
- ^ Joanna Russ, "Lovecraft, H(oward) P(hilips), in Twentieth-Century Science-Fiction Writers by Curtis C. Smith. St. James Press, 1986, ISBN 0-912289-27-9 (pp. 461–3).
- ^ H. P. Lovecraft, Selected Letters Vol. 2, pp. 94-95; cited in Joshi and Schultz, p. 74.
- ^ Darrell Schweitzer, Review of Keith Allan Daniels, "Arthur C. Clarke & Lord Dunsany: A Correspondence by Keith Allen Daniels". Weird Tales, DNA Publications, Fall 1998 (p. 9).
Sources
[edit]- Harms, Daniel (1998). The Encyclopedia Cthulhiana (2nd ed.). Oakland, CA: Chaosium. ISBN 978-1-56882-119-1.
- Lovecraft, Howard P. The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath (1926). In S. T. Joshi (ed.). At the Mountains of Madness and Other Novels (7th corrected printing). Sauk City, WI: Arkham House, 1985. ISBN 0-87054-038-6.
- Schweitzer, Darrell, ed. (2001). Discovering H. P. Lovecraft. Holicong, PA: Wildside Press. ISBN 1-58715-470-6.