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{{Short description|Polish rotor cipher machine}} |
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[[Image:Lacida cipher machine.jpg|thumb|250px|Lacida. A: Rotor-lid fasteners. B: Rotor-drive-spring pull. C: Cable from encryption box to electric typewriter. D: Cipher-decipher switch. E: Indicator drive. F: Letter windows. G: Encryption box. H: Rotor finger-wheels]] |
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{{For |the genus of moths |Lacida (moth){{!}}''Lacida'' (moth)}} |
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The '''Lacida''' (or '''LCD''') was a [[Poland|Polish]] [[rotor machine|rotor cipher machine]]. It was designed and produced before [[World War II]] by [[Poland]]'s [[Biuro Szyfrów|Cipher Bureau]] for prospective wartime use by Polish military higher commands. |
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{{Infobox computer hardware |
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| name = Lacida |
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| invent-name = [[Poland]]'s [[Biuro Szyfrów|Cipher Bureau]] |
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| introduced = Before [[World War II]] |
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| type = [[rotor machine|Rotor cipher machine]] |
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The '''Lacida''', also called '''LCD''',<ref name="Barczak2010">{{cite book|author=C. L. Barczak|title=A Indecifrável Enigma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9804BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA224|date=11 March 2010|publisher=Clube de Autores|pages=224–|id=PKEY:90161545}}</ref> was a Polish [[rotor machine|rotor cipher machine]]. It was designed and produced before [[World War II]] by Poland's [[Biuro Szyfrów|Cipher Bureau]] for prospective wartime use by Polish military higher commands. Lacida was also known as Crypto Machine during a TNMOC Virtual Talk.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCarthy |first1=Jerry |title=Virtual Talk LACIDA - A Polish Cryptomachine |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQ5jQ7VKPPQ |website=www.youtube.com |access-date=Dec 24, 2020}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The machine's name derived from the [[surname]] initials of [[Gwido Langer|Gwido '''''La'''''nger]], [[Maksymilian Ciężki|Maksymilian '''''Ci'''''ężki]] and [[Ludomir Danilewicz|Ludomir '''''Da'''''nilewicz]] and / or his younger brother, [[Leonard Danilewicz|Leonard '''''Da'''''nilewicz]].<ref>[[Władysław Kozaczuk]], ''Enigma'' (1984), p. 134.</ref> It was built in [[Warsaw]], to the Cipher Bureau's specifications, by the [[AVA Radio Company]].<ref>[[Władysław Kozaczuk]], ''Enigma'' (1984), p. 212.</ref> |
The machine's name derived from the [[surname]] initials of [[Gwido Langer|Gwido '''''La'''''nger]], [[Maksymilian Ciężki|Maksymilian '''''Ci'''''ężki]] and [[Ludomir Danilewicz|Ludomir '''''Da'''''nilewicz]] and / or his younger brother, [[Leonard Danilewicz|Leonard '''''Da'''''nilewicz]].<ref>[[Władysław Kozaczuk]], ''Enigma'' (1984), p. 134.</ref> It was built in [[Warsaw]], to the Cipher Bureau's specifications, by the [[AVA Radio Company]].<ref>[[Władysław Kozaczuk]], ''Enigma'' (1984), p. 212.</ref> |
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In anticipation of war, |
In anticipation of war, before the September 1939 [[invasion of Poland (1939)|invasion of Poland]], two LCDs were sent to [[France]]. From spring 1941, an LCD was used by the Polish ''Team Z'' at the Polish-, Spanish- and French-manned [[Cadix]] radio-intelligence and decryption center at [[Uzès]], near France's Mediterranean coast.<ref>[[Władysław Kozaczuk]], ''Enigma'' (1984), p. 119.</ref> |
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Prior to the machine's production, it had never been subjected to rigorous decryption attempts. Now it was decided to remedy this oversight. In early July 1941, Polish [[cryptologist]]s [[Marian Rejewski]] and [[Henryk Zygalski]] received LCD-enciphered messages that had earlier been transmitted to the staff of the Polish Commander-in-Chief, based in London. Breaking the first message, given to the two cryptologists on |
Prior to the machine's production, it had never been subjected to rigorous decryption attempts. Now it was decided to remedy this oversight. In early July 1941, Polish [[cryptologist]]s [[Marian Rejewski]] and [[Henryk Zygalski]] received LCD-enciphered messages that had earlier been transmitted to the staff of the Polish Commander-in-Chief, based in London. Breaking the first message, given to the two cryptologists on July 3, took them only a couple of hours. Further tests yielded similar results.<ref>[[Władysław Kozaczuk]], ''Enigma'' (1984), pp. 134–35.</ref> Colonel [[Gwido Langer|Langer]] suspended the use of LCD at Cadix. |
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In 1974, Rejewski explained that the LCD had two serious flaws. It lacked a [[commutator]] ("plugboard"), which was one of the strong points of the German military [[Enigma machine]]. The LCD's other weakness involved the [[reflector]] and wiring. These shortcomings did not imply that the LCD, somewhat larger than the Enigma and more complicated (e.g., it had a switch for resetting to deciphering), was easy to solve. Indeed, the likelihood of its being broken by the German ''E-Dienst'' was judged slight. Theoretically it did exist, however.<ref>[[Władysław Kozaczuk]], ''Enigma'' (1984), p. 135.</ref> |
In 1974, Rejewski explained that the LCD had two serious flaws. It lacked a [[commutator]] ("plugboard"), which was one of the strong points of the German military [[Enigma machine]]. The LCD's other weakness involved the [[Reflector (cipher machine)|reflector]] and wiring. These shortcomings did not imply that the LCD, somewhat larger than the Enigma and more complicated (e.g., it had a switch for resetting to deciphering), was easy to solve. Indeed, the likelihood of its being broken by the German ''E-Dienst'' was judged slight. Theoretically it did exist, however.<ref>[[Władysław Kozaczuk]], ''Enigma'' (1984), p. 135.</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Cipher Bureau}} |
{{Cipher Bureau}} |
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* [[Biuro Szyfrów]] (Cipher Bureau) |
* ''[[Biuro Szyfrów]]'' (Cipher Bureau) |
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==Notes== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==Further reading== |
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[[Category:Rotor machines]] |
[[Category:Rotor machines]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Cipher Bureau (Poland)]] |
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[[Category:Cryptographic hardware]] |
[[Category:Cryptographic hardware]] |
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[[Category:Polish inventions]] |
[[Category:Polish inventions]] |
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[[Category:Science and technology in Poland]] |
[[Category:Science and technology in Poland]] |
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[[nl:Lacida]] |
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[[pl:Lacida]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:30, 14 December 2023
| Invented by | Poland's Cipher Bureau |
|---|---|
| Introduced | Before World War II |
| Type | Rotor cipher machine |
The Lacida, also called LCD,[1] was a Polish rotor cipher machine. It was designed and produced before World War II by Poland's Cipher Bureau for prospective wartime use by Polish military higher commands. Lacida was also known as Crypto Machine during a TNMOC Virtual Talk.[2]
History
[edit]The machine's name derived from the surname initials of Gwido Langer, Maksymilian Ciężki and Ludomir Danilewicz and / or his younger brother, Leonard Danilewicz.[3] It was built in Warsaw, to the Cipher Bureau's specifications, by the AVA Radio Company.[4]
In anticipation of war, before the September 1939 invasion of Poland, two LCDs were sent to France. From spring 1941, an LCD was used by the Polish Team Z at the Polish-, Spanish- and French-manned Cadix radio-intelligence and decryption center at Uzès, near France's Mediterranean coast.[5]
Prior to the machine's production, it had never been subjected to rigorous decryption attempts. Now it was decided to remedy this oversight. In early July 1941, Polish cryptologists Marian Rejewski and Henryk Zygalski received LCD-enciphered messages that had earlier been transmitted to the staff of the Polish Commander-in-Chief, based in London. Breaking the first message, given to the two cryptologists on July 3, took them only a couple of hours. Further tests yielded similar results.[6] Colonel Langer suspended the use of LCD at Cadix.
In 1974, Rejewski explained that the LCD had two serious flaws. It lacked a commutator ("plugboard"), which was one of the strong points of the German military Enigma machine. The LCD's other weakness involved the reflector and wiring. These shortcomings did not imply that the LCD, somewhat larger than the Enigma and more complicated (e.g., it had a switch for resetting to deciphering), was easy to solve. Indeed, the likelihood of its being broken by the German E-Dienst was judged slight. Theoretically it did exist, however.[7]
See also
[edit]| Methods and technology |
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| Locations |
| Personnel |
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Chief
Gwido Langer German Section cryptologists Wiktor Michałowski
Chief of Russian Section
Jan Graliński Russian Section cryptologist
Piotr Smoleński |
- Biuro Szyfrów (Cipher Bureau)
References
[edit]- ^ C. L. Barczak (11 March 2010). A Indecifrável Enigma. Clube de Autores. pp. 224–. PKEY:90161545.
- ^ McCarthy, Jerry. "Virtual Talk LACIDA - A Polish Cryptomachine". www.youtube.com. Retrieved Dec 24, 2020.
- ^ Władysław Kozaczuk, Enigma (1984), p. 134.
- ^ Władysław Kozaczuk, Enigma (1984), p. 212.
- ^ Władysław Kozaczuk, Enigma (1984), p. 119.
- ^ Władysław Kozaczuk, Enigma (1984), pp. 134–35.
- ^ Władysław Kozaczuk, Enigma (1984), p. 135.
Further reading
[edit]- Władysław Kozaczuk, Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher Was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two, edited and translated by Christopher Kasparek, Frederick, MD, University Publications of America, 1984, ISBN 0-89093-547-5.
- K. Gaj, "Polish Cipher Machine - Lacida," Cryptologia, 16 (1), January 1992, pp. 73–80.
