Astrocaryum murumuru: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of palm}} |
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{{taxobox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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|image = Murumuru1.JPG |
|image = Murumuru1.JPG |
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|image_caption = Drying murumuru seeds |
|image_caption = Drying murumuru seeds |
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|regnum = [[Plantae]] |
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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|authority = [[Mart.]] |
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|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]] |
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|ordo = [[Arecales]] |
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|familia = [[Arecaceae]] |
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|binomial = ''Astrocaryum murumuru'' |
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|binomial_authority = [[Mart.]] |
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|synonyms = *''Astrocaryum yauaperyense'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small> |
|synonyms = *''Astrocaryum yauaperyense'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small> |
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}} |
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[[File:Astrocaryum murumuru MHNT.BOT.2017.10.5.jpg|thumb|''Astrocaryum murumuru'' - [[MHNT]]]] |
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'''''Astrocaryum murumuru''''' (Portuguese [[common name]]'' |
'''''Astrocaryum murumuru''''' (Portuguese [[common name]]: '''murumuru''') is a [[Arecaceae|palm]] native to [[Amazon Rainforest]] [[vegetation]] in [[Brazil]], which bears [[Eating|edible]] fruits. ''Murumuru'' butter, extracted from the seeds of the plant, may be used as a moisturizer.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/features/image/la-ig-edible-20100613,0,7284731.story |date=13 June 2010 |title=Makeup and skin products that are fresh, new and natural |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=10 July 2010 | first=Kavita | last=Daswani}}</ref> One remarkable feature of this palm is that it is covered with spines up to twelve inches (30 centimeters) in length.<ref>{{cite book | last=Henderson | first= Andrew | date= 1995 | title= Palms of the Amazon | location= New York | publisher= Oxford Univ. Press | page= 244 }}</ref> |
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The ''murumuru'' palm trees grow in Brazil and around the Amazon and are one of the dominant trees in this region. It has a thick trunk and a shuttlecock-shaped, bushy crown. The nutritious, edible fruits are an important local food source and materials made from the tree, fruit, and seed kernels are commercially significant to the region. Hammocks are made from the tree’s fibres. ''Murumuru'' butter is |
The ''murumuru'' palm trees grow in Brazil and around the Amazon and are one of the dominant trees in this region. It has a thick trunk and a shuttlecock-shaped, bushy crown. The nutritious, edible fruits are an important local food source and materials made from the tree, fruit, and seed kernels are commercially significant to the region. Hammocks are made from the tree’s fibres. ''Murumuru'' butter is moisturizing ([[emollient]]). It is also [[Film-forming agent|film-forming]] and glossy. These qualities make it very protective. It contains vitamins and has a high content of [[oleic acid]]. The oil from the seeds is traditionally used to soften and protect hair. ''Murumuru'' butter is the white to yellowish fat obtained from the seeds of the ''murumuru'' palm. |
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==Ecology== |
==Ecology== |
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| ⚫ | The Murumuru palm (''Astrocaryum murumuru'') is abundant in the Brazilian Amazon, extending to the borders of Bolivia and Peru. It prefers to grow in periodically flooded areas, especially on islands and in lowlands along the rivers throughout the Amazon River estuary and its tributaries, in dense or semi-open forests.<ref name=Lorenzi>LORENZI, H. Árvores Brasileiras., 2002, p.368 {{full citation needed|date=March 2019}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | It is also frequently found in the lowlands of Marajo Island. The stem, leaves and fruit stalks are covered with hard, black spines that can reach over 20 cm in length, complicating fruit harvesting. When the fruit is ripe, the inflorescence (cluster of flowers) drops to the ground. The fruit contains a yellow flesh often consumed by rodents as food, which leave the seeds clean. The seed's hard shell is only separable from the kernel when dry. In general, 100 kg of dry seeds (12–15% water) yields 27 kg to 29 kg of kernels, which must be further dried to prevent deterioration during storage. These kernels then yield 40% to 42% oil. A single Murumuru palm produces about 11 kg of dry seeds. Hydraulic extraction can produce 35% oil relative to the dry weight of the kernel, which is equivalent to about 3.8 liters of oil per Murumuru palm. The kernels must be ground with grinding discs before hydraulic extraction. A kilogram of fruit pulp contains approximately 50 seeds. Seed germination is moderate and growth in the field is slow.<ref name=Morais>MORAIS, L.: Banco de Dados Sobre Espécies Oleaginosas da Amazônia, unpublished {{full citation needed|date=March 2019}}</ref><ref name=Pinto>PINTO, G.P. Características físico-químicas e outras informações sobre as principais oleaginosas do Brasil. Recife: Instituto de Pesquisas e Experimentação Agropecuárias do Nordeste, Boletim Técnico 18, 1963.</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The Murumuru palm (Astrocaryum murumuru) is abundant in the Brazilian Amazon, extending to the borders of Bolivia and Peru. It prefers to grow in periodically flooded areas, especially on islands and in lowlands along the rivers throughout the Amazon River estuary and its tributaries, in dense or semi-open forests.<ref>LORENZI, H. Árvores Brasileiras |
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| ⚫ | It is also frequently found in the lowlands of Marajo Island. The stem, leaves and fruit stalks are covered with hard, black spines that can reach over 20 cm in length, complicating fruit harvesting. When the fruit is ripe, the inflorescence (cluster of flowers) drops to the ground. The fruit contains a yellow flesh often consumed by rodents as food, which leave the seeds clean. The |
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==Astrocaryum murumuru butter== |
==Astrocaryum murumuru butter== |
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[[File:Murumuru butter.JPG|thumb|Murumuru butter]] |
[[File:Murumuru butter.JPG|thumb|Murumuru butter]] |
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| ⚫ | Murumuru butter contains [[lauric acid|lauric]], [[myristic acid|myristic]], and [[oleic acid]]s. The fruit contains a white butter that is odorless and tasteless and has the advantage of not becoming rancid easily. The quality of Murumuru butter is similar to the seed fat of the [[Astrocaryum vulgare|Tucumã palm]] and [[coconut palm]], but it has the advantage of providing greater consistency because of its melting point (33 C), which is superior to that of the Tucumã palm (30 °C) and coconut palm (22.7 °C).<ref name=Lorenzi/> The quality of Murumuru butter makes it possible to mix it with other vegetable butters that have a lower melting point. It can also be used to partially substitute cocoa butter in chocolate, providing a firmer consistency in environments where the temperature is higher.<ref name=Morais/> |
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| ⚫ | Murumuru butter |
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Murumuru butter has the great advantage of having a low acidity value (4% to 5%), especially when made from fresh seeds, which reduces the cost of refinement.<ref>PESCE, C. Oleaginosas da Amazônia, 1941, Oficinas Gráficas da Revista Veterinária, Belém/PA.</ref> |
Murumuru butter has the great advantage of having a low acidity value (4% to 5%), especially when made from fresh seeds, which reduces the cost of refinement.<ref>PESCE, C. Oleaginosas da Amazônia, 1941, Oficinas Gráficas da Revista Veterinária, Belém/PA.</ref> |
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Murumuru butter was highly valued in Europe and the United States during the 1940s and 1950s, when it served as an ingredient in vegetable creams and soaps. Today, |
Murumuru butter was highly valued in Europe and the United States during the 1940s and 1950s, when it served as an ingredient in vegetable creams and soaps. Today, soaps containing Murumuru butter together with Ucuuba butter leave a protection layer on the skin similar to silicone, only it does not clog the pores.<ref name=Pinto/> |
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the skin similar to silicone, only it does not clog the pores.<ref>PINTO, G.P. Características físico-químicas e outras informações sobre as principais oleaginosas do Brasil. Recife: Instituto de Pesquisas e Experimentação Agropecuárias do Nordeste, Boletim Técnico 18, 1963.</ref> |
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The combination of these two butters is an excellent treatment for dry and tired skins. |
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In hair products, Murumuru butter helps to maintain curls, while nourishing and strengthening hair roots. Murumuru butter is used in small amounts in shampoos (0.5% to 1%) and formulas for conditioners, creams, soaps, lipsticks and deodorants (0.5% to 8%).<ref>PINTO, G.P. Características físico-químicas e outras informações sobre as principais oleaginosas do Brasil. Recife: Instituto de Pesquisas e Experimentação Agropecuárias do Nordeste, Boletim Técnico 18, 1963.</ref> |
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Murumuru butter is used in small amounts in shampoos (0.5% to 1%) and formulas for conditioners, creams, soaps, lipsticks and deodorants (0.5% to 8%).<ref name=Pinto/> |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of plants of Amazon Rainforest vegetation of Brazil]] |
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*[[Amazon oil]] |
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==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*{{ |
* {{in lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929211834/http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/isdb/Taxonomy/tax-species-result.cfm?Genus=Astrocaryum&species=murumuru&source=plants ''Astrocaryum murumuru''] |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q4811547}} |
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[[Category:Astrocaryum|murumuru]] |
[[Category:Astrocaryum|murumuru]] |
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[[Category:Trees of the Amazon rainforest]] |
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[[Category:Endemic flora of Brazil]] |
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[[Category:Tropical agriculture]] |
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[[Category:Trees of Brazil]] |
[[Category:Trees of Brazil]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Trees of Peru]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:39, 16 December 2023
| Astrocaryum murumuru | |
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| Drying murumuru seeds | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Genus: | Astrocaryum |
| Species: | A. murumuru
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| Binomial name | |
| Astrocaryum murumuru | |
| Synonyms | |
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Astrocaryum murumuru (Portuguese common name: murumuru) is a palm native to Amazon Rainforest vegetation in Brazil, which bears edible fruits. Murumuru butter, extracted from the seeds of the plant, may be used as a moisturizer.[1] One remarkable feature of this palm is that it is covered with spines up to twelve inches (30 centimeters) in length.[2]
The murumuru palm trees grow in Brazil and around the Amazon and are one of the dominant trees in this region. It has a thick trunk and a shuttlecock-shaped, bushy crown. The nutritious, edible fruits are an important local food source and materials made from the tree, fruit, and seed kernels are commercially significant to the region. Hammocks are made from the tree’s fibres. Murumuru butter is moisturizing (emollient). It is also film-forming and glossy. These qualities make it very protective. It contains vitamins and has a high content of oleic acid. The oil from the seeds is traditionally used to soften and protect hair. Murumuru butter is the white to yellowish fat obtained from the seeds of the murumuru palm.
Ecology
[edit]The Murumuru palm (Astrocaryum murumuru) is abundant in the Brazilian Amazon, extending to the borders of Bolivia and Peru. It prefers to grow in periodically flooded areas, especially on islands and in lowlands along the rivers throughout the Amazon River estuary and its tributaries, in dense or semi-open forests.[3] It is also frequently found in the lowlands of Marajo Island. The stem, leaves and fruit stalks are covered with hard, black spines that can reach over 20 cm in length, complicating fruit harvesting. When the fruit is ripe, the inflorescence (cluster of flowers) drops to the ground. The fruit contains a yellow flesh often consumed by rodents as food, which leave the seeds clean. The seed's hard shell is only separable from the kernel when dry. In general, 100 kg of dry seeds (12–15% water) yields 27 kg to 29 kg of kernels, which must be further dried to prevent deterioration during storage. These kernels then yield 40% to 42% oil. A single Murumuru palm produces about 11 kg of dry seeds. Hydraulic extraction can produce 35% oil relative to the dry weight of the kernel, which is equivalent to about 3.8 liters of oil per Murumuru palm. The kernels must be ground with grinding discs before hydraulic extraction. A kilogram of fruit pulp contains approximately 50 seeds. Seed germination is moderate and growth in the field is slow.[4][5]
Astrocaryum murumuru butter
[edit]
Murumuru butter contains lauric, myristic, and oleic acids. The fruit contains a white butter that is odorless and tasteless and has the advantage of not becoming rancid easily. The quality of Murumuru butter is similar to the seed fat of the Tucumã palm and coconut palm, but it has the advantage of providing greater consistency because of its melting point (33 C), which is superior to that of the Tucumã palm (30 °C) and coconut palm (22.7 °C).[3] The quality of Murumuru butter makes it possible to mix it with other vegetable butters that have a lower melting point. It can also be used to partially substitute cocoa butter in chocolate, providing a firmer consistency in environments where the temperature is higher.[4] Murumuru butter has the great advantage of having a low acidity value (4% to 5%), especially when made from fresh seeds, which reduces the cost of refinement.[6] Murumuru butter was highly valued in Europe and the United States during the 1940s and 1950s, when it served as an ingredient in vegetable creams and soaps. Today, soaps containing Murumuru butter together with Ucuuba butter leave a protection layer on the skin similar to silicone, only it does not clog the pores.[5]
Murumuru butter is used in small amounts in shampoos (0.5% to 1%) and formulas for conditioners, creams, soaps, lipsticks and deodorants (0.5% to 8%).[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Daswani, Kavita (13 June 2010). "Makeup and skin products that are fresh, new and natural". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ Henderson, Andrew (1995). Palms of the Amazon. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 244.
- ^ a b LORENZI, H. Árvores Brasileiras., 2002, p.368 [full citation needed]
- ^ a b MORAIS, L.: Banco de Dados Sobre Espécies Oleaginosas da Amazônia, unpublished [full citation needed]
- ^ a b c PINTO, G.P. Características físico-químicas e outras informações sobre as principais oleaginosas do Brasil. Recife: Instituto de Pesquisas e Experimentação Agropecuárias do Nordeste, Boletim Técnico 18, 1963.
- ^ PESCE, C. Oleaginosas da Amazônia, 1941, Oficinas Gráficas da Revista Veterinária, Belém/PA.
External links
[edit]- (in Portuguese) Astrocaryum murumuru