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{{Short description|Portuguese São Gabriel Class Ships from the 20th Century}}
{{Short description|Portuguese São Gabriel-class ships from the 20th century}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}

{|{{Infobox ship begin <!-- warship classes -->
{{Infobox ship|name=São Gabriel Class|builders=Chantiers et Ateliers Augustin Normand, Le Havre|operators=Portuguese Navy|built_range=January 1, 1897|in_service_range=1898-1924|total_ships_completed=2|ship_type=Protected Cruiser|ship_displacement=1,771 tonnes|ship_length=73.78m|ship_draught=4.34|ship_beam=10.82m|ship_speed=17.5 knots|ship_complement=242 officers and enlisted|ship_armament=2 x 150mm guns
|infobox caption= <!-- keywords: yes, nodab; or caption text -->
2 x 120mm guns
|display title= <!-- keywords: none, ital; or article title with markup -->
8 x 47mm guns
|sclass= <!-- keyword: 2 -->
2 x 37mm guns|ship_power=4,000 hp|ship_image=[[File:Cruzador São Gabriel.jpg|275px|center]]|ship_caption=View of the São Gabriel}}
}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Cruzador São Gabriel.jpg
|Ship image size=300px
|Ship caption=''São Gabriel''
|image alt=
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Class name=''São Gabriel'' class
|Builders=Chantiers et Ateliers Augustin Normand, [[Le Havre]]
|Operators={{naval|Portugal}}
|Class before=
|Class after=
|Subclasses=
|Built range=1897
|In commission range=1898–1924
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships on order=
|Total ships building=
|Total ships completed=2
|Total ships cancelled=
|Total ships active=
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=1
|Total ships retired=
|Total ships scrapped=1
|Total ships preserved=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship type=[[Protected cruiser]]
|Ship displacement={{cvt|1743|LT|t|lk=on}}
|Ship length={{cvt|73.78|m|ftin}}
|Ship beam={{cvt|10.82|m|ftin}}
|Ship draught={{cvt|4.34|m|ftin}}
|Ship propulsion={{cvt|4000|shp|lk=on}}
|Ship speed={{convert|17.5|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range=
|Ship complement=242 officers and enlisted
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=* 2 x {{cvt|150|mm|0}} guns
* 2 x {{cvt|120|mm|0}} guns
* 8 x {{cvt|47|mm|0}} guns
* 2 x {{cvt|37|mm|0}} guns
* 1 x {{cvt|35|cm|0}} [[torpedo tube]]
|Ship armour=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}


The '''''São Gabriel Class''''' was a group of two [[Protected cruiser|protected cruisers]] that served in the [[Portuguese Navy]]. The two ships of the class, São Gabriel and the São Rafael, were known as the '''''Angels''''' (Portuguese: ''Anjos'').
The '''''São Gabriel'' class''' was a pair of [[protected cruiser]]s that served in the [[Portuguese Navy]]. The two ships of the class, ''São Gabriel'' and ''São Rafael'', were known as the "Angels" ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Anjos'').


The names of the cruisers were inspired by Vasco Da Gama's twin command [[Carrack|carracks]] ([[São Gabriel (ship)|São Gabriel]] and [[Sao Rafael|São Rafael]]) that took part in the [[Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India|discovery of the sea route to India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hemeroteca Digital - O Ocidente : revista ilustrada de Portugal e do estrangeiro |url=https://hemerotecadigital.cm-lisboa.pt/OBRAS/Ocidente/1900/N782/N782_item1/P4.html |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=hemerotecadigital.cm-lisboa.pt}}</ref>
The names of the cruisers were inspired by the Portuguese explorer [[Vasco Da Gama]]'s twin command [[carrack]]s ({{ship||São Gabriel|ship|2}} and ''[[Sao Rafael|São Rafael]]'') that took part in the [[Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India|discovery of the sea route to India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hemeroteca Digital – O Ocidente : revista ilustrada de Portugal e do estrangeiro |url=https://hemerotecadigital.cm-lisboa.pt/OBRAS/Ocidente/1900/N782/N782_item1/P4.html |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=hemerotecadigital.cm-lisboa.pt}}</ref>


== Background ==
== Background ==
The ships were ordered from the French shipyards in [[Le Havre]] as part of the Portuguese Navy's refit program at the end of the [[19th century]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-15 |title=Portugal navy |url=https://laststandonzombieisland.com/tag/portugal-navy/ |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=laststandonzombieisland |language=en}}</ref> They were the first Portuguese ships that were installed with a [[wireless telegraphy]] communications system, which São Gabriel later tested on the 11th of December 1909, as she steamed away from [[Lisbon]] at 1530 in the afternoon and established telegraphic contact with the radiotelegraph post in Vale de Zebro.<ref name=":0" />
The ships were ordered from the French shipyards in [[Le Havre]] as part of the Portuguese Navy's refit program at the end of the 19th century.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=15 February 2023 |title=Portugal navy |url=https://laststandonzombieisland.com/tag/portugal-navy/ |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=laststandonzombieisland }}</ref> They were the first Portuguese ships that were installed with a [[wireless telegraphy]] communications system, which ''São Gabriel'' later tested on 11 December 1909, as she steamed away from [[Lisbon]] at 1530 in the afternoon and established telegraphic contact with the radiotelegraph post in Vale de Zebro.<ref name=":0" />


== Service ==
== Service ==
As the 390th anniversary of [[Ferdinand Magellan|Ferdinand Magellan's]] first circumnavigation voyage was approaching, it was decided that São Gabriel would be sent around the globe on a solo cruise to mark the special occasion. She left on the 11th of December, the same day she tested out her newly fitted wireless communication technology, and returned home on the 19th of April 1911, stopping at 72 ports and travelling approximately 42,000 nautical miles. São Gabriel became the first modern Portuguese ship to complete a [[circumnavigation]] voyage.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Basto |first=A.J Pinto |title=Cruzador S. Gabriel, Viagem de Circumnavegação |publisher=ACD Print, S.A. |year=2018 |edition=Academia de Marinha |language=PT}}</ref>
As the 390th anniversary of [[Ferdinand Magellan]]'s first [[circumnavigation]] voyage was approaching. The [[Navy Ministry (Portugal)|Minister of the Navy]] decided that ''São Gabriel'' would be sent around the globe on a solo cruise to mark the special occasion.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sousa |first=Maria |date=1987 |title=The voyage of the S. Gabriel, Portuguese Vessel, to Hawai'i in 1910 |url=https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/enwiki/api/core/bitstreams/7c67df33-ceaf-41c8-9be2-6f5fb82b1191/content |journal=The Hawaiian Journal of History |volume=21 |page=77}}</ref> She left on 11 December, the same day she tested out her newly fitted wireless communication technology, and returned home on 19 April 1911, stopping at 72 ports and travelling approximately {{convert|42000|nmi}}. ''São Gabriel'' became the first modern Portuguese ship to complete a circumnavigation voyage.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Basto |first=A.J Pinto |title=Cruzador S. Gabriel, Viagem de Circumnavegação |publisher=ACD Print, S.A. |year=2018 |edition=Academia de Marinha |language=PT}}</ref>
[[File:Portuguese Cruiser São Gabriel visiting Capetown.webp|left|thumb|''São Gabriel'' visiting Capetown on her circumnavigation voyage|alt=São Gabriel visiting Capetown on her circumnavigation voyage]]

While São Gabriel circumnavigated the world, her sister ship, São Rafael took an active part in fighting for the [[Portuguese Republican Party|Republicans]] in the [[5 October 1910 revolution|5 October 1910 Revolution]] by shelling the ''Terreiro do Paço'' and the ''Palácio das Necessidades''.<ref name=":0" /> Later, while on patrol at the Ave River's mouth, she tore her bottom out on the rocks. Only one casualty was sustained amongst the crew.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tony |first=Allen |date=2018 |title=São Rafael (+1911) |url=https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?162537 |url-status=live |access-date=August 2, 2023 |website=WRECKSITE}}</ref>
While São Gabriel circumnavigated the world, her sister ship, ''São Rafael'' took an active part in fighting for the [[Portuguese Republican Party|Republicans]] in the [[5 October 1910 revolution]] by shelling the ''Terreiro do Paço'' and the ''Palácio das Necessidades''.<ref name=":0" /> In 1911, while on patrol at the mouth of the [[Ave River]] she suffered ran aground, tearing out her bottom on the rocks. Only one casualty was sustained among the crew.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tony |first=Allen |date=2018 |title=São Rafael (+1911) |url=https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?162537 |access-date=2 August 2023 |website=Wrecksite}}</ref>
[[File:Portuguese Cruiser São Rafael wrecked offshore.webp|alt=São Rafael wrecked offshore at the mouth of the Ave River|left|thumb|''São Rafael'' wrecked offshore at the mouth of the Ave River]]


== Ships in class ==
== Ships in class ==
Line 23: Line 75:
!Name
!Name
!Shipyard
!Shipyard
!Built
!Commission
!Commission
!Fate
!Fate
|-
|-
|São Gabriel
|''São Gabriel''
|Augustin Normand
|Augustin Normand
|1 January 1897
|1898-1924
|1898–1924
|Sold for scrap
|Sold for scrap, 1924
|-
|-
|São Rafael
|''São Rafael''
|Augustin Normand
|Augustin Normand
|1 January 1897
|1898-1911
|1898–1911
|Wrecked offshore
|Wrecked offshore, 1911
|}
|}


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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Ships of the Portuguese Navy]]
[[Category:Cruiser classes]]
[[Category:Cruisers of Portugal]]

Latest revision as of 00:08, 18 December 2023

São Gabriel
Class overview
BuildersChantiers et Ateliers Augustin Normand, Le Havre
Operators Portuguese Navy
Built1897
In commission1898–1924
Completed2
Lost1
Scrapped1
General characteristics
TypeProtected cruiser
Displacement1,743 long tons (1,771 t)
Length73.78 m (242 ft 1 in)
Beam10.82 m (35 ft 6 in)
Draught4.34 m (14 ft 3 in)
Propulsion4,000 shp (3,000 kW)
Speed17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph)
Complement242 officers and enlisted
Armament
  • 2 x 150 mm (6 in) guns
  • 2 x 120 mm (5 in) guns
  • 8 x 47 mm (2 in) guns
  • 2 x 37 mm (1 in) guns
  • 1 x 35 cm (14 in) torpedo tube

The São Gabriel class was a pair of protected cruisers that served in the Portuguese Navy. The two ships of the class, São Gabriel and São Rafael, were known as the "Angels" (Portuguese: Anjos).

The names of the cruisers were inspired by the Portuguese explorer Vasco Da Gama's twin command carracks (São Gabriel and São Rafael) that took part in the discovery of the sea route to India.[1]

Background

[edit]

The ships were ordered from the French shipyards in Le Havre as part of the Portuguese Navy's refit program at the end of the 19th century.[2] They were the first Portuguese ships that were installed with a wireless telegraphy communications system, which São Gabriel later tested on 11 December 1909, as she steamed away from Lisbon at 1530 in the afternoon and established telegraphic contact with the radiotelegraph post in Vale de Zebro.[2]

Service

[edit]

As the 390th anniversary of Ferdinand Magellan's first circumnavigation voyage was approaching. The Minister of the Navy decided that São Gabriel would be sent around the globe on a solo cruise to mark the special occasion.[3] She left on 11 December, the same day she tested out her newly fitted wireless communication technology, and returned home on 19 April 1911, stopping at 72 ports and travelling approximately 42,000 nautical miles (78,000 km; 48,000 mi). São Gabriel became the first modern Portuguese ship to complete a circumnavigation voyage.[2][4]

São Gabriel visiting Capetown on her circumnavigation voyage
São Gabriel visiting Capetown on her circumnavigation voyage

While São Gabriel circumnavigated the world, her sister ship, São Rafael took an active part in fighting for the Republicans in the 5 October 1910 revolution by shelling the Terreiro do Paço and the Palácio das Necessidades.[2] In 1911, while on patrol at the mouth of the Ave River she suffered ran aground, tearing out her bottom on the rocks. Only one casualty was sustained among the crew.[5]

São Rafael wrecked offshore at the mouth of the Ave River
São Rafael wrecked offshore at the mouth of the Ave River

Ships in class

[edit]
Name Shipyard Built Commission Fate
São Gabriel Augustin Normand 1 January 1897 1898–1924 Sold for scrap, 1924
São Rafael Augustin Normand 1 January 1897 1898–1911 Wrecked offshore, 1911

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Hemeroteca Digital – O Ocidente : revista ilustrada de Portugal e do estrangeiro". hemerotecadigital.cm-lisboa.pt. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d "Portugal navy". laststandonzombieisland. 15 February 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  3. ^ Sousa, Maria (1987). "The voyage of the S. Gabriel, Portuguese Vessel, to Hawai'i in 1910". The Hawaiian Journal of History. 21: 77.
  4. ^ Basto, A.J Pinto (2018). Cruzador S. Gabriel, Viagem de Circumnavegação (in Portuguese) (Academia de Marinha ed.). ACD Print, S.A.
  5. ^ Tony, Allen (2018). "São Rafael (+1911)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
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