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{{Short description|Part of the economy of the Republic of Ireland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
In the [[Republic of Ireland]], the [[retail]] sector provides one of the largest sources of [[employment]] in the economy, representing over 12% of the workforce.<ref name="dbei">{{cite web|url = https://dbei.gov.ie/en/What-We-Do/Business-Sectoral-Initiatives/Retail-Sector/ | publisher = Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation | website = Gov.ie | title = Business & Sectoral Initiatives - Retail Sector | access-date = 12 June 2018 }}</ref> As of 2017, approximately 40,000 wholesale and retail businesses employed almost 280,000 people in Ireland,<ref name="basketcase">{{cite web|url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/basket-case-how-consumers-food-shopping-experience-is-changing-451755.html | title = Basket case: How consumers’ food shopping experience is changing | date = 5 June 2017 | access-date = 12 June 2018 }}</ref><ref name="dbei"/> with the [[Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment]] reporting that 90% of these businesses were Irish-owned.<ref name="dbei"/>
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As of 2017, the retail market was worth €40 billion annually,<ref name="foreign">{{cite web|url = https://www.irishtimes.com/business/retail-and-services/60-of-irish-online-spending-went-to-foreign-retailers-in-2017-1.3396563 | title = 60% of Irish online spending went to foreign retailers in 2017 | publisher = Irish Times | date = 19 February 2018 | access-date = 12 June 2018}}</ref> with the supermarket sector reportedly comprising €9 billion of this figure.<ref name="basketcase"/> For the same period, €5 billion was spent by Irish consumers with online retailers - €3 billion of this going to non-Irish sites.<ref name="foreign"/>
In the [[Republic of Ireland]], the [[retail]] sector provides a source of [[employment]] and forms the majority of the [[tertiary sector]] of the [[economy]].{{fact}}


==Supermarkets==
==Supermarkets==


The Republic of Ireland has a number of supermarket chains: [[Tesco Ireland]], a subsidiary of [[Tesco|Tesco plc]] with 91 stores (4 superettes, 5 small super, 44 large super, 38 hyper), [[Dunnes Stores]], owned by a trust consisting of members of the family of its founder, Ben Dunne Snr, with 123 stores. And [[SuperValu (Ireland)]], with 223 stores and (as of May 2018) the largest share of Ireland's grocery market.<ref name="marketshare">https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/dublin-sales-help-supervalu-to-top-spot-36887990.html</ref> [[Marks and Spencer]] also operates a small number of supermarket sites.
The Republic of Ireland has a number of supermarket chains. [[SuperValu (Ireland)|SuperValu]], with 223 stores, has (as of May 2018) the largest share of Ireland's grocery market.<ref name="marketshare">{{cite web|url = https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/dublin-sales-help-supervalu-to-top-spot-36887990.html | publisher = Independent News & Media | title = Dublin sales help SuperValu to top spot |date = 9 May 2018 |access-date = 12 June 2018}}</ref> [[Dunnes Stores]], owned by a trust consisting of members of the family of its founder, Ben Dunne Snr, has 123 stores. [[Tesco Ireland]], a subsidiary of [[Tesco|Tesco plc]], has 91 stores. [[Aldi]] and [[Lidl]] each have (as of May 2018) approximately an 11% share of the grocery market.<ref name="marketshare"/>


SuperValu and Tesco both have a significant online business.<ref name="basketcase"/>
⚫
[[SPAR]] and [[Londis (Ireland)|Londis]] have also branched out into supermarket format franchise stores, with their Eurospar and Londis Plus formats. As yet these are a minority of stores.{{fact}}


[[Marks and Spencer]] operates a small number of supermarket sites, including in Cork and Dublin.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/home/347502/mayor-of-limerick-says-its-the-city-centre-or-nowhere-for-marks-and-spencer.html | publisher = Limerick Leader | website = limerickleader.ie | title = Mayor of Limerick says ‘it’s the city centre or nowhere’ for Marks and Spencer | date = 13 November 2018 | access-date = 19 November 2018 }}</ref>
[[Aldi]] and Lidl also operate in the Irish market, and as of May 2018 had approximately 11% share of the grocery market each.<ref name="marketshare"/>


⚫
[[SPAR]] and [[Londis (Ireland)|Londis]] have a number of supermarket format franchise stores, with their Eurospar and Londis Plus formats.{{fact|date=May 2018}}
⚫
While there is much competition in the supermarket sector, it was formerly tempered by the Restrictive Practices (Groceries) Order 1987 (known as the "Groceries Order"). This order made it illegal to sell any good below the [[invoice price]]. The order was instituted to prevent a price war along the lines which led to the collapse of the supermarket chain [[H Williams (supermarket)|H Williams]] in 1987, and had the effect of banning cross-subsidy and [[loss leaders]]. In 2005, [[Micheal Martin]], the then [[Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation|Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment]] announced that the Order would be revoked in early 2006. This was done via the enactment of the ''Competition (Amendment) Act 2006'' in March 2006.<ref>http://www.oireachtas.ie/documents/bills28/acts/2006/A406.pdf</ref>

⚫
While there is much competition in the supermarket sector, it was formerly tempered by the Restrictive Practices (Groceries) Order 1987 (known as the "Groceries Order"). This order made it illegal to sell any good below the [[invoice price]]. The order was instituted to prevent a price war along the lines which led to the collapse of the supermarket chain [[H Williams (supermarket)|H Williams]] in 1987, and had the effect of banning cross-subsidy and [[loss leaders]]. In 2005, [[Micheal Martin]], the then [[Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment]] announced that the Order would be revoked in early 2006. This was done via the enactment of the ''Competition (Amendment) Act 2006'' in March 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.oireachtas.ie/documents/bills28/acts/2006/A406.pdf| publisher = Oireachtas.ie | title = Competition (Amendment) Act 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100413161030/http://www.oireachtas.ie/documents/bills28/acts/2006/A406.pdf | archive-date = 13 April 2010 }}</ref>


==Convenience stores and newsagents==
==Convenience stores and newsagents==


Convenience store formats have been gradually displacing the traditional [[newsagent]] format in Ireland in recent times.{{when}} The first convenience store format was the VG format introduced by Musgrave in 1960, becoming [[Centra]] (and [[SuperValu (Ireland)|SuperValu]]) in 1979. Other major convenience store formats include [[SPAR]], owned in Ireland by BWG, [[Mace (store)|Mace]], and ADM [[Londis (Ireland)|Londis]]. Smaller convenience store formats include XL Stop and Shop, [[Costcutter]], and Vivo. A small number of symbol groups which provide branded goods, but not shop formats and signage, still persist, but are gradually dying out.{{fact}} These include the formerly prominent Homestead brand.{{fact}}
[[Convenience store]] formats were developed from the 1960s, when the [[Musgrave Group]] introduced the "VG" convenience store format in 1960. This became [[Centra]] (and [[SuperValu (Ireland)|SuperValu]]) in 1979. Other convenience store formats include [[Gala (supermarket)|Gala]], owned by 9 independent wholesale companies, Costcutter owned by Barry Group, [[Spar (retailer)|SPAR]], [[Mace (store)|Mace]], and [[Londis (Ireland)|Londis]], all three owned by BWG in the Republic of Ireland. Smaller convenience store formats include XL Stop and Shop, Your Stop, Daybreak, Quik Pick and Vivo. Stonehouse Marketing, a large buying group of wholesalers, offers their retailers the Homestead brand, which is the main "own brand" label offered in symbol groups such as Gala, Costcutter, Quik Pick and Your Stop.{{fact|date=May 2018}}


Just as the convenience store groups have been moving into larger supermarket formats, so the supermarkets have been moving into smaller formats to challenge the symbol groups. Tesco operate a small number of ''Tesco Ireland Local'' and ''Tesco Express'' stores.{{fact}} [[Marks and Spencer]] also operates a small number of convenience stores under the ''Simply Food'' banner.
Tesco also operates a small number of ''Tesco Ireland Local'' and ''Tesco Express'' stores,{{fact|date=May 2018}} and [[Marks and Spencer]] operates several smaller convenience stores under the ''Simply Food'' banner.{{fact|date=November 2018}}


The [[Eason & Son|Eason]] chain of [[main street]] newsagents and booksellers is the largest in the country, with its only major rival being the smaller [[Hughes & Hughes]].{{fact}} In Dublin the two major local chains are Tuthill's and Bus Stop.
The [[Eason & Son|Eason]] chain of [[main street]] newsagents, stationers and booksellers is the largest in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/eason-unveils-new-flagship-store-as-premises-doubles-128860.html | title = Eason unveils new flagship store as premises doubles | publisher = Irish Examiner | date = 26 August 2010 | access-date = 12 June 2018 | quote = ''Ireland’s largest book and stationery retailer [is] Eason''}}</ref>


The main [[filling station|petrol station]] brands in Ireland have sometimes operate convenience stores - including under the [[Circle K]] brand at formerly Topaz branded stations.<ref>https://www.irishtimes.com/business/retail-and-services/circle-k-to-pump-55m-into-topaz-rebrand-and-new-forecourts-1.3460053</ref> Or by [[Petrogas]] under the Applegreen brand.<ref>https://www.irishtimes.com/business/retail-and-services/petrogas-to-float-applegreen-business-1.2180189</ref> Smaller operators such as XL and Today are also found.
The main [[filling station|petrol station]] brands in Ireland also operate convenience stores - including the [[Circle K]] and Applegreen ([[Petrogas]]) brands.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/retail-and-services/circle-k-to-pump-55m-into-topaz-rebrand-and-new-forecourts-1.3460053 |title=Circle K to pump €55m into Topaz rebrand and new forecourts |publisher=Irish Times |date=13 April 2018 |access-date=12 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/retail-and-services/petrogas-to-float-applegreen-business-1.2180189 |title=Petrogas to float Applegreen business |publisher=Irish Times |date=18 April 2015 |access-date=12 June 2018}}</ref>

==Department/clothing stores==
The biggest clothing retailer in Ireland is [[Dunnes Stores]].{{fact}} [[Primark]] (under the Penney's brand) is also a major retailer in the clothing sector. [[Debenhams]] also have a chain of department stores in Ireland. The UK 'high street' chain [[River Island]] is represented by 37 stores with 15 of them in Northern Ireland. Within Dublin [[Arnotts (Ireland)|Arnotts]] is a city centre department store. [[Heatons]] are another Irish department store with 57 stores nationwide, and Brown Thomas though much smaller, probably{{or-inline}} represents the upper-end of the clothes retail market (but bought by Galen & Hilary Weston in 1971 so now part of a larger UK/ Canadian concern).{{fact}} Other clothing chains in the Republic include: [[Lifestyle Sports]], [[H&M]] (Swedish), [[TK Maxx]] (American), and [[Next (clothing)|Next]] (UK). Avoca Handweavers is another Irish small chain of stores selling some clothes fashions, but known generally for 'designer/ homemade' home & gift-wares, food and in-store cafes.{{fact}}


==Main street retailing==
==Main street retailing==


Ireland's [[Main Street]]s are still a major draw,{{fact}} despite the growing number of out-of-town [[shopping mall|shopping centres]]. Some [[United Kingdom|British]] 'high street' names now operate in the Republic of Ireland, such as [[Dixons Retail plc|Dixons]], [[Next (retailer)|Next]], [[Debenhams Ireland|Debenhams]], [[Topshop]], [[Boots UK|Boots]], [[Superdrug]], [[Argos]], [[Dorothy Perkins]], [[Maplin Electronics|Maplin]], [[Currys]], [[T.K. Maxx]], [[PC World (retailer)|PC World]], [[Game Stop]] and others. Irish equivalent retailers and brands still exist and are still widespread:{{fact}} such as newsagents [[Eason & Son]], record stores [[Golden Discs]],{{fact}} pharmacy chains Hickey's, Sam McCauley's, & McCabes, also Heatons department stores, and other smaller chains.{{fact}} Many towns are still populated by small, family owned businesses.{{fact}}
While [[main street]] retailing is declining,<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.independent.ie/business/industry-spotlight/net-loss-how-online-shopping-is-hammering-main-street-retailers-36854735.html | publisher = Independent News & Media | title = Net loss: How online shopping is hammering Main Street retailers |date = 29 April 2018 | access-date = 12 June 2018 }}</ref> a number of [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[Europe|European]] 'high street' brands continue to operate in the market. These include [[Next (retailer)|Next]], [[New Look (company)|New Look]], [[Boots Ireland|Boots]], [[Argos (retailer)|Argos]], [[JD Sports|JD]], [[Currys]], and a number of stores in the [[Inditex]] and [[Bestseller]] brand families (such as [[Zara (retailer)|Zara]], Vero Moda and Jack & Jones). US retailer [[TK Maxx]] has more than 20 stores in Ireland.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.mayonews.ie/news/27065-tk-maxx-set-to-open-in-castlebar | publisher = Mayo News | website = mayonews.ie | title = TK Maxx set to open in Castlebar | date = 12 January 2016 | access-date = 24 May 2020 }}</ref> Indigenous Irish retailers and brands include [[Primark|Penneys]], [[Brown Thomas]], [[Shaws Department Stores|Shaws]], newsagents [[Eason & Son]], record stores [[Golden Discs]], pharmacy chains Hickey's, Sam McCauley's, and McCabes, and other smaller chains.{{fact|date=May 2018}}


==Shopping centres==
==Shopping centres==
{{see also|List of shopping centres in the Republic of Ireland}}
⚫
Out of town shopping centres, anchored by a major supermarket, have been developed in Ireland since the 1960s, with Dunnes Stores' Cornelscourt being one of the first.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.dunnesstores.com/our-story/content/fcp-content | publisher = Dunnes Stores | title = Our Story - About Us - History | access-date = 12 June 2018 | quote = ''By 1965, Dunnes Stores had expanded [..] building the first out-of-town shopping centre in Cornelscourt''}}</ref> A precursor of the 1990s town centres was developed in [[Stillorgan]] in the late 1960s, as well as the two major Dublin city centre shopping malls, the [[Ilac Shopping Centre]] and [[Irish Life]] Shopping Mall. These were joined in the 1990s by the [[Jervis Centre]].


However, in the 1990s a new phenomenon of large shopping malls, not dominated by one tenant but with a number of anchor tenants, main street names, and usually a cinema, grew up in the [[Dublin]] suburbs. Of these types of shopping centre developments around Dublin, the five largest include [[The Square, Dublin|The Square Tallaght]], [[Blanchardstown Centre]], [[Liffey Valley Shopping Centre]], [[Swords Pavilions]] and [[Dundrum Town Centre]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.irishtimes.com/business/commercial-property/irish-retail-back-to-more-normalised-level-of-investment-1.3316428 | publisher = Irish Times | website = irishtimes.com | title = Irish retail back to ‘more normalised level’ of investment | date = 6 December 2017 | access-date = 27 November 2018 | quote = ''Across the State’s big five shopping centres – Dundrum Town Centre, The Square Tallaght, Liffey Valley, The Pavilion in Swords, and Blanchardstown – there were about 30 big letting deals in 2017''}}</ref>
⚫
Out of town shopping centres, anchored by a major supermarket, have been developed in Ireland since the 1960s, with Dunnes Stores' Cornelscourt being one of the first. A precursor of the 1990s town centres was developed in [[Stillorgan]] in the late 1960s, as well as the two major Dublin city centre shopping malls, the [[Ilac Shopping Centre]] and [[Irish Life]] Shopping Mall. (These were joined in the 1990s by the [[Jervis Centre]]).

However, in the 1990s a new phenomenon of large shopping malls, not dominated by one tenant but with a number of anchor tenants, main street names, and usually a cinema, grew up in the [[Dublin]] suburbs. These four major ''town centres'', in order of building, are [[The Square, Dublin|The Square, Tallaght]], [[Blanchardstown|Blanchardstown Centre]], [[Liffey Valley Shopping Centre]], and [[Dundrum Town Centre]].

In Munster, shopping centres have also emerged on the outskirts of Cork, Limerick and Waterford cities catering not just for the city residents but also for the suburban and country shoppers, such as [[Mahon Point Shopping Centre|Mahon Point]] in Cork, [[Crescent Shopping Centre]] in Limerick and City Square Shopping Centre in Waterford.

In Connacht, shopping centres have primarily developed in the centre and outskirts of Galway city including the Eyre Square Centre, Edward Square, Galway Shopping Centre and Briarhill Shopping Centre, elsewhere in the large towns of Sligo and Castlebar centres such as The Quayside and Johnston Court centres have been developed offering many new international and national retailers to these areas.{{or-inline}}

==Retail parks==

In addition to these new out of town shopping malls are smaller retail parks. Located on the outskirts of towns and cities, these parks have no internal shopping malls.{{fact}} They usually consist of between five and ten major outlets surrounding a large carpark. The parks are typically built beside a major road with the idea being – free parking, easy to get to and plenty of space. Some may offer drive-thru restaurants such as McDonald's/KFC or standalone coffee units (e.g. [[Costa Coffee]]). Anchor tenants can include [[Woodie's DIY]], [[Harry Corry]] or [[Elverys Sports]]. Some British-owned stores also appear in these parks, like [[Argos (retailer)|Argos]] or [[Homebase]].

==Digital retail==


In Munster and Connacht, shopping centres have also emerged on the outskirts of towns and cities like Cork, Limerick, Galway, and Waterford. These include sites like [[Mahon Point Shopping Centre|Mahon Point]] in Cork and the [[Crescent Shopping Centre]] in Limerick.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.irishtimes.com/business/commercial-property/retailers-give-unhealthy-review-to-country-s-shopping-centres-1.2200670 | publisher = Irish Times | website = irishtimes.com | title = Retailers give ‘unhealthy’ review to country’s shopping centres | access-date = 27 November 2018 | date = 6 May 2015 }}</ref>
Since 2008 Ireland has seen a slight shift to where major supermarkets are promoting shopping online.{{fact}} This may be contributed to the downturn in the economy and consumer demand for low prices.{{or-inline}} A recent{{when}} report said that 2.6 million Irish people regularly shopped online, spending an average of €116 each per month.{{fact}}


==See also==
==See also==
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[[Category:Economy of the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Economy of the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Retailing in Iceland]]
[[Category:Retailing in the Republic of Ireland| ]]

Latest revision as of 00:54, 20 December 2023

In the Republic of Ireland, the retail sector provides one of the largest sources of employment in the economy, representing over 12% of the workforce.[1] As of 2017, approximately 40,000 wholesale and retail businesses employed almost 280,000 people in Ireland,[2][1] with the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment reporting that 90% of these businesses were Irish-owned.[1]

As of 2017, the retail market was worth €40 billion annually,[3] with the supermarket sector reportedly comprising €9 billion of this figure.[2] For the same period, €5 billion was spent by Irish consumers with online retailers - €3 billion of this going to non-Irish sites.[3]

Supermarkets

[edit]

The Republic of Ireland has a number of supermarket chains. SuperValu, with 223 stores, has (as of May 2018) the largest share of Ireland's grocery market.[4] Dunnes Stores, owned by a trust consisting of members of the family of its founder, Ben Dunne Snr, has 123 stores. Tesco Ireland, a subsidiary of Tesco plc, has 91 stores. Aldi and Lidl each have (as of May 2018) approximately an 11% share of the grocery market.[4]

SuperValu and Tesco both have a significant online business.[2]

Marks and Spencer operates a small number of supermarket sites, including in Cork and Dublin.[5]

SPAR and Londis have a number of supermarket format franchise stores, with their Eurospar and Londis Plus formats.[citation needed]

While there is much competition in the supermarket sector, it was formerly tempered by the Restrictive Practices (Groceries) Order 1987 (known as the "Groceries Order"). This order made it illegal to sell any good below the invoice price. The order was instituted to prevent a price war along the lines which led to the collapse of the supermarket chain H Williams in 1987, and had the effect of banning cross-subsidy and loss leaders. In 2005, Micheal Martin, the then Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment announced that the Order would be revoked in early 2006. This was done via the enactment of the Competition (Amendment) Act 2006 in March 2006.[6]

Convenience stores and newsagents

[edit]

Convenience store formats were developed from the 1960s, when the Musgrave Group introduced the "VG" convenience store format in 1960. This became Centra (and SuperValu) in 1979. Other convenience store formats include Gala, owned by 9 independent wholesale companies, Costcutter owned by Barry Group, SPAR, Mace, and Londis, all three owned by BWG in the Republic of Ireland. Smaller convenience store formats include XL Stop and Shop, Your Stop, Daybreak, Quik Pick and Vivo. Stonehouse Marketing, a large buying group of wholesalers, offers their retailers the Homestead brand, which is the main "own brand" label offered in symbol groups such as Gala, Costcutter, Quik Pick and Your Stop.[citation needed]

Tesco also operates a small number of Tesco Ireland Local and Tesco Express stores,[citation needed] and Marks and Spencer operates several smaller convenience stores under the Simply Food banner.[citation needed]

The Eason chain of main street newsagents, stationers and booksellers is the largest in the country.[7]

The main petrol station brands in Ireland also operate convenience stores - including the Circle K and Applegreen (Petrogas) brands.[8][9]

Main street retailing

[edit]

While main street retailing is declining,[10] a number of British and European 'high street' brands continue to operate in the market. These include Next, New Look, Boots, Argos, JD, Currys, and a number of stores in the Inditex and Bestseller brand families (such as Zara, Vero Moda and Jack & Jones). US retailer TK Maxx has more than 20 stores in Ireland.[11] Indigenous Irish retailers and brands include Penneys, Brown Thomas, Shaws, newsagents Eason & Son, record stores Golden Discs, pharmacy chains Hickey's, Sam McCauley's, and McCabes, and other smaller chains.[citation needed]

Shopping centres

[edit]
See also: List of shopping centres in the Republic of Ireland

Out of town shopping centres, anchored by a major supermarket, have been developed in Ireland since the 1960s, with Dunnes Stores' Cornelscourt being one of the first.[12] A precursor of the 1990s town centres was developed in Stillorgan in the late 1960s, as well as the two major Dublin city centre shopping malls, the Ilac Shopping Centre and Irish Life Shopping Mall. These were joined in the 1990s by the Jervis Centre.

However, in the 1990s a new phenomenon of large shopping malls, not dominated by one tenant but with a number of anchor tenants, main street names, and usually a cinema, grew up in the Dublin suburbs. Of these types of shopping centre developments around Dublin, the five largest include The Square Tallaght, Blanchardstown Centre, Liffey Valley Shopping Centre, Swords Pavilions and Dundrum Town Centre.[13]

In Munster and Connacht, shopping centres have also emerged on the outskirts of towns and cities like Cork, Limerick, Galway, and Waterford. These include sites like Mahon Point in Cork and the Crescent Shopping Centre in Limerick.[14]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Business & Sectoral Initiatives - Retail Sector". Gov.ie. Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  2. ^ a b c "Basket case: How consumers' food shopping experience is changing". 5 June 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  3. ^ a b "60% of Irish online spending went to foreign retailers in 2017". Irish Times. 19 February 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  4. ^ a b "Dublin sales help SuperValu to top spot". Independent News & Media. 9 May 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  5. ^ "Mayor of Limerick says 'it's the city centre or nowhere' for Marks and Spencer". limerickleader.ie. Limerick Leader. 13 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  6. ^ "Competition (Amendment) Act 2006" (PDF). Oireachtas.ie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2010.
  7. ^ "Eason unveils new flagship store as premises doubles". Irish Examiner. 26 August 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2018. Ireland's largest book and stationery retailer [is] Eason
  8. ^ "Circle K to pump €55m into Topaz rebrand and new forecourts". Irish Times. 13 April 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  9. ^ "Petrogas to float Applegreen business". Irish Times. 18 April 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  10. ^ "Net loss: How online shopping is hammering Main Street retailers". Independent News & Media. 29 April 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  11. ^ "TK Maxx set to open in Castlebar". mayonews.ie. Mayo News. 12 January 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  12. ^ "Our Story - About Us - History". Dunnes Stores. Retrieved 12 June 2018. By 1965, Dunnes Stores had expanded [..] building the first out-of-town shopping centre in Cornelscourt
  13. ^ "Irish retail back to 'more normalised level' of investment". irishtimes.com. Irish Times. 6 December 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2018. Across the State's big five shopping centres – Dundrum Town Centre, The Square Tallaght, Liffey Valley, The Pavilion in Swords, and Blanchardstown – there were about 30 big letting deals in 2017
  14. ^ "Retailers give 'unhealthy' review to country's shopping centres". irishtimes.com. Irish Times. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
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