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{{Short description|Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic phrase}} |
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{{Hiero|ankh wedja seneb|<hiero>S34-.-U28-.-S29</hiero> |
{{Hiero|ankh wedja seneb<br/>{{lang|egy|ꜥnḫ wḏꜢ snb}}|<hiero>S34-.-U28-.-S29</hiero>|align=right|era=egypt}} |
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The [[Ancient Egypt|Ancient]] [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]] phrase '''ankh, wedja, seneb''' (''{{lang|egy|ꜥnḫ wḏꜢ snb}}'') meaning "life, prosperity, health" is an epithetic formula which often appears after the names of [[Pharaoh]]s or references to their household, or at the end of letters. |
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'''Ankh wedja seneb''' ({{lang|egy|𓋹𓍑𓋴 ꜥnḫ wḏꜢ snb}}) is an [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]] phrase which often appears [[honorific|after the names]] of [[pharaoh]]s, in references to their household, or at the ends of letters. The formula consists of three [[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] without clarification of pronunciation, making its exact grammatical form difficult to reconstruct. It may be expressed as "life, prosperity, and health", but [[Alan Gardiner]] proposed that they represented verbs in the [[stative]] form:{{fact|date=February 2017}} "Be alive, strong, and healthy". |
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==Components== |
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The phrase comprises three hieroglyphs: the [[Egyptian triliteral signs|triliteral]] sign for ''[[ankh]]'', meaning "life", the [[Egyptian biliteral signs|biliteral]] sign ''wedj'', and the alphabetic sign ''s''. |
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Egyptian hieroglyphs did not record [[vowel]] values, making the exact pronunciation of most words unknowable. The conventional [[Egyptological pronunciation]]s of the words {{lang|egy|ꜥnḫ}}, {{lang|egy|wḏꜢ}}, and {{lang|egy|snb}} are ''ankh'', ''wedja'' and ''seneb'' respectively. |
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*[[Ankh]] means "life" and "to have life", "to live",{{sfnp|Erman & al.|1926–1953|loc=Vol. I, 193.8–198.10, 198.11–200.8}} particularly with regard to the longevity and resurrection of the [[ancient Egyptian deities]] and pharaohs |
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The phrase's true grammatical form is difficult to reconstruct, though Gardiner{{page needed}} suggests the symbols may represent verbs in the [[stative]] form. |
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*Wedja means "to be whole" or "intact",{{sfnp|Erman & al.|1926–1953|loc=Vol. I, 399.14–401.2}} with connotations of "prosperity" and "well-being"{{sfnp|Erman & al.|1926–1953|loc=Vol. I, 401.3–8}} |
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*Seneb means "to be sound", "to be well", "to be healthy"{{sfnp|Erman & al.|1926–1953|loc=Vol. IV, 158.2–159.5}} |
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==Rosetta Stone== |
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*''"Ankh"'', "to live," "life,"<ref>Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache 1, 193.8–198.10, 198.11–200.8</ref> was associated with the [[Egyptian gods|gods of Egypt]], and Egyptian kings (''pharaohs'') aspired to achieve their responsibilities of governing and protecting life in Egypt. |
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On the [[Rosetta Stone]] (196 BCE), the gods are said to reward the [[Ptolemaic Kingdom|Ptolemaic pharaoh]] [[Ptolemy V Epiphanes]]:<ref>Line 35.</ref> |
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*''Wedja'' (written "utcha" in 19th century [[Transcription (linguistics)|transcriptions]]) literally means "to be whole; to be intact,"<ref>Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache 1, 399.14–401.2</ref> but also has the connotation of "prosperity" and "well-being."<ref>Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache 1, 401.3–8</ref> ''Dominion'' is a second term that is implied with prosperity. The raising of the [[Djed]] pillar was symbolic of the [[pharaoh]] creating, and maintaining his kingdom. It is the reason some pharaohs campaigned beyond the Egyptian border, leaving a legacy for the next pharaohs to deal with. |
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{| style="margin: 1em auto;" |
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*''Seneb'' has many translations: "to be well," "to be healthy," and "to have 'soundness'": "to be sound."<ref>Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache 4, 158.2–159.5</ref> Another word, also ''seneb'' has the [[determinative]] of a wall and means "to build," but with the connotation of "to build (soundly)."<ref>Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache 4, 161.7</ref> |
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For the actions by the pharaoh [[Ptolemy V]] of the Rosetta Stone (196 BC), the gods reward him by (line 35): |
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|"...The gods and goddesses have given him victory, and power, and life, and strength, and health [A.U.S.], and every beautiful thing of every kind whatsoever..."{{sfnp|Budge|1929|loc=l. 2905}} |
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|<hiero>R9-R9-R9-.-X7*W24:Z9:D40-N35:M3:Aa1*X1-.-S34-U28-S29-.-F18:D21-Aa1*X1:V30-nfr-D21:F40-O34:N35:Z2</hiero> |
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|ΔΕΔΩΚΑΣΙΝ ΑΥΤΩΙ ΟΙ ΘΕΟΙ ΥΓΙΕΙΑΝ ΝΙΚΗΝ ΚΡΑΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΑΛΛ ΑΓΑΘ[Α…] |
|ΔΕΔΩΚΑΣΙΝ ΑΥΤΩΙ ΟΙ ΘΕΟΙ ΥΓΙΕΙΑΝ ΝΙΚΗΝ ΚΡΑΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΑΛΛ ΑΓΑΘ[Α…] |
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</center> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Ankh]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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===Citations=== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist|30em}} |
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===Bibliography=== |
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*[[E. A. Wallis Budge|Budge, E. A. Wallis]], ''The Rosetta Stone'', 1929, 1989 (Dover Edition); Dover Pub, N.Y. |
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| ⚫ | *{{citation |editor-last=Erman |editor-first=Johann Peter Adolf |editor2=Hermann Grapow |display-editors=1 |date=1926–1953 |title=Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache im Auftrage der deutschen Akademien |location=Leipzig |publisher=J.C. Hinrichsschen Buchhandlungen |ref={{harvid|Erman & al.|1926–1953}} |title-link=Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache }}, reprinted at Berlin by Akademie-Verlag GmbH in 1971. {{in lang|de}} |
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* {{citation |authorlink=E. A. Wallis Budge |last=Budge |first=E.A. Wallis |title=The Rosetta Stone |date=1929 }}. |
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[[Category:Egyptian words and phrases]] |
[[Category:Ancient Egyptian words and phrases]] |
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[[Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs]] |
[[Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:01, 21 December 2023
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| ankh wedja seneb ꜥnḫ wḏꜢ snb in hieroglyphs | ||||||||
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Ankh wedja seneb (𓋹𓍑𓋴 ꜥnḫ wḏꜢ snb) is an Egyptian phrase which often appears after the names of pharaohs, in references to their household, or at the ends of letters. The formula consists of three Egyptian hieroglyphs without clarification of pronunciation, making its exact grammatical form difficult to reconstruct. It may be expressed as "life, prosperity, and health", but Alan Gardiner proposed that they represented verbs in the stative form:[citation needed] "Be alive, strong, and healthy".
Components
[edit]Egyptian hieroglyphs did not record vowel values, making the exact pronunciation of most words unknowable. The conventional Egyptological pronunciations of the words ꜥnḫ, wḏꜢ, and snb are ankh, wedja and seneb respectively.
- Ankh means "life" and "to have life", "to live",[1] particularly with regard to the longevity and resurrection of the ancient Egyptian deities and pharaohs
- Wedja means "to be whole" or "intact",[2] with connotations of "prosperity" and "well-being"[3]
- Seneb means "to be sound", "to be well", "to be healthy"[4]
Rosetta Stone
[edit]On the Rosetta Stone (196 BCE), the gods are said to reward the Ptolemaic pharaoh Ptolemy V Epiphanes:[5]
| "...The gods and goddesses have given him victory, and power, and life, and strength, and health [A.U.S.], and every beautiful thing of every kind whatsoever..."[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| ΔΕΔΩΚΑΣΙΝ ΑΥΤΩΙ ΟΙ ΘΕΟΙ ΥΓΙΕΙΑΝ ΝΙΚΗΝ ΚΡΑΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΑΛΛ ΑΓΑΘ[Α…] |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Erman & al. (1926–1953), Vol. I, 193.8–198.10, 198.11–200.8.
- ^ Erman & al. (1926–1953), Vol. I, 399.14–401.2.
- ^ Erman & al. (1926–1953), Vol. I, 401.3–8.
- ^ Erman & al. (1926–1953), Vol. IV, 158.2–159.5.
- ^ Line 35.
- ^ Budge (1929), l. 2905.
Bibliography
[edit]- Erman, Johann Peter Adolf; et al., eds. (1926–1953), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache im Auftrage der deutschen Akademien, Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichsschen Buchhandlungen, reprinted at Berlin by Akademie-Verlag GmbH in 1971. (in German)
- Budge, E.A. Wallis (1929), The Rosetta Stone.