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{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}}
'''464 Megaira''' is an [[asteroid]]. It was discovered by [[Max Wolf]] on January 9, 1901. Its provisional name was '''1901 FV'''. It lies close to the [[Gefion family]], but is not a member.
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 464 Megaira
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" />
| discoverer = [[Max Wolf|M. F. Wolf]]
| discovery_site = [[Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory|Heidelberg Obs.]]
| discovered = 9 January 1901
| mpc_name = (464) Megaira
| alt_names = A901 AB{{·}}1929 AH<br />A912 JB{{·}}A912 JC<br />A916 FD{{·}}1901 FV
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|m|ᵻ|ˈ|g|aɪər|ə}} (Megaira)<br />{{IPAc-en|m|ᵻ|ˈ|dʒ|ɪər|ə}} (Megaera)<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Megaera |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322185854/https://www.lexico.com/definition/megaera |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 March 2020 |title=Megaera |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref>
| named_after = [[Megaera]]<br />{{small|(Greek mythology)}}<ref name="springer" />
| mp_category = {{plainlist|
* {{nowrap|[[main-belt]]&thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|middle]])}}}}
* [[Background asteroid|background]]&thinsp;<ref name="AstDys-object" /><ref name="Ferret" />}}
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 31 May 2020 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2459000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 119.07 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (43,489 d)
| aphelion = 3.3764 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 2.2248 AU
| semimajor = 2.8006 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2056
| period = 4.69 yr (1,712 d)
| mean_anomaly = 253.43[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2103|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 10.170°
| asc_node = 102.37°
| arg_peri = 258.19°
| mean_diameter = {{plainlist|
* {{val|74.04|5.9|ul=km}}<ref name="SIMPS" />
* {{val|77.056|0.450|u=km}}<ref name="Mainzer-2016" />
* {{val|79.28|1.16|u=km}}<ref name="AKARI" />}}
| rotation = {{val|12.879|0.001|ul=h}}<ref name="Pilcher-2019f" />
| albedo = {{plainlist|
* {{val|0.045|0.002}}<ref name="AKARI" />
* {{val|0.046|0.011}}<ref name="Mainzer-2016" />
* {{val|0.0502|0.009}}<ref name="SIMPS" />}}
| spectral_type = {{plainlist|
* [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] {{=}} [[F-type asteroid|F]][[X-type asteroid|X]]U:&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
* [[SMASS classification|SMASS]] {{=}} [[C-type asteroid|C]]&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
* [[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} {{val|0.638|0.063}}<ref name="jpldata" />}}
| abs_magnitude = 9.7<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />
}}


'''464 Megaira''' (''[[Minor planet provisional designation|prov. designation]]:'' {{mp|A901 AB}} ''or'' {{mp|1901 FV}}) is a dark and large [[background asteroid]], approximately {{convert|77|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter, located in the central region of the [[asteroid belt]]. It was discovered by astronomer [[Max Wolf]] at the [[Heidelberg Observatory]] in southwest Germany on 9 January 1901.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The carbonaceous [[C-type asteroid]] (FX) has a [[rotation period]] of 12.9 hours. It was named after [[Megaera]] from Greek mythology.<ref name="springer" />
{{MinorPlanets Navigator|463 Lola|465 Alekto}}


== Orbit and classification ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Megaria}}
[[Category:Main Belt asteroids]]
[[Category:Asteroids named from Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Max Wolf|Megaira]]
[[Category:Articles lacking sources (Erik9bot)]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1901]]


''Megaira'' is a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid of the main belt's [[Background asteroid|background population]] when applying the [[hierarchical clustering method]] to its [[proper orbital elements]].<ref name="AstDys-object" /><ref name="Ferret" /> It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|central]] asteroid belt at a distance of 2.2–3.4&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 8 months (1,712 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 2.8&nbsp;AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.21 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 10[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [[observation arc]] begins at [[Heidelberg Observatory]] with its official discovery observation on 9 January 1901.<ref name="MPC-object" />


== Naming ==
{{beltasteroid-stub}}

This [[minor planet]] was named after [[Megaera]], the avenging spirit from Greek mythology. She is one of the three [[Erinyes]] (Furies), who bring retribution on those guilty of sins. The {{MoMP|464|naming}} was also mentioned in ''[[The Names of the Minor Planets]]'' by [[Paul Herget]] in 1955 ({{small|[[Herget's discovery circumstances|H 50]]}}).<ref name="springer" /> It was the first numbered minor planet detected in the 20th century.<ref name="springer" />

== Physical characteristics ==

In the [[Tholen classification]]-[[SMASS classification]], ''Megaira'' is closest to a dark [[F-type asteroid]], and somewhat similar to an [[X-type asteroid|X-type]], though with an unusual (U) and noisy spectra (:).<ref name="jpldata" /> In the Bus–Binzel [[SMASS classification]] it is a common carbonaceous [[C-type asteroid]].

=== Rotation period ===

In March 2019, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Megaira'' was obtained from [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observations by [[Frederick Pilcher]]. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined [[rotation period]] of {{val|12.879|0.001}} hours with a brightness variation of {{val|0.12|0.01}} [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3]]}}).<ref name="Pilcher-2019f" /> The result supersedes previously published period determinations.<ref name="geneva-obs" /><ref name="Polakis-2019c" /><ref name="Waszczak-2015" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]] and the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Megaira'' measures between 55.09 and 85.50 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.03 and 0.06.<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="lcdb" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' takes an albedo of 0.0469 from [[Petr Pravec]]'s revised WISE data and calculates a diameter of 78.29 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 9.47.<ref name="lcdb" />

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2020-02-03 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 464 Megaira (A901 AB)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000464
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 11 March 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|chapter = (464) Megaira
|page = 52
|date = 2007
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_465
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 464 Megaira (A901 AB)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=464
|access-date = 11 March 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web
|title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (464) Megaira
|last = Behrend |first = Raoul
|publisher = [[Geneva Observatory]]
|url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page2cou.html#000464
|access-date = 11 March 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (464) Megaira
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=464
|access-date = 11 March 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal
|first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco
|first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah
|first3 = M. |last3 = Noah
|first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price
|date = October 2004
|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
|url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System
|volume = 12
|pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0
|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T
|access-date = 11 March 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|doi-access=
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=464 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>

<ref name="Mainzer-2016">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. K. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = J. M. |last2 = Bauer
|first3 = R. M. |last3 = Cutri
|first4 = T. |last4 = Grav
|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
|first6 = J. R. |last6 = Masiero
|first7 = C. R. |last7 = Nugent
|first8 = S. M. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = R. A. |last9 = Stevenson
|first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright
|date = June 2016
|title = NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0
|url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_COMPIL_5_NEOWISEDIAM_V1_0/data/neowise_mainbelt.tab
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System
|bibcode = 2016PDSS..247.....M
|access-date= 11 March 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
|first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
|first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
|first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher
|first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci
|first6 = David |last6 = Levitan
|first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace
|first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
|first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
|first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita
|first11 = George |last11 = Helou
|first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
|first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni
|date = September 2015
|title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 150
|issue = 3
|page = 35
|bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
|arxiv = 1504.04041}}</ref>

<ref name="Polakis-2019c">{{cite journal
|last1 = Polakis |first1 = Tom
|date = July 2019
|title = Lightcurves of Twelve Main-Belt Minor Planets
|journal = Minor Planet Bulletin
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_46-3.pdf
|volume = 46
|issue = 3
|pages = 287–292
|bibcode = 2019MPBu...46..287P
|issn = 1052-8091}}</ref>

<ref name="Pilcher-2019f">{{cite journal
|last1 = Pilcher |first1 = Frederick
|date = July 2019
|title = Rotation Period Determinations for 58 Concordia, 384 Burdigala, 464 Megaira, 488 Kreusa, and 491 Carina
|journal = Minor Planet Bulletin
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_46-3.pdf
|volume = 46
|issue = 3
|pages = 360–363
|bibcode = 2019MPBu...46..360P
|issn = 1052-8091}}</ref>

<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid 464 Megaira
|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=464+Megaira
|access-date = 11 March 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid 464 Megaira – Proper Elements
|publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site
|url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=464
|access-date= 11 March 2020}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/OneAsteroidInfo.php Lightcurve Database Query] (LCDB), at ''www.minorplanet.info''
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – ''Geneva Observatory'', [[Raoul Behrend]]
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|464}}
* {{JPL small body}}

{{Minor planets navigator |463 Lola |number=464 |465 Alekto}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Megaira}}
[[Category:Background asteroids|000464]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Max Wolf]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:FXU:-type asteroids (Tholen)|000464]]
[[Category:C-type asteroids (SMASS)|000464]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1901|19010109]]


[[ast:464 Megaira]]
[[de:Megaira (Asteroid)]]
[[es:(464) Megaira]]
[[eu:464 Megaira]]
[[fa:سیارک ۴۶۴]]
[[fr:(464) Mégare]]
[[it:464 Megaira]]
[[hu:464 Megaira]]
[[ja:メガイラ (小惑星)]]
[[no:464 Megaira]]
[[nn:464 Megaira]]
[[pl:464 Megaira]]
[[pt:464 Megaira]]
[[sk:464 Megaira]]
[[sr:464 Megaira]]
[[vec:Lista de asteroidi#464 Megaira]]
[[vec:Lista de asteroidi#464 Megaira]]

Latest revision as of 22:46, 22 December 2023

464 Megaira
Discovery [1]
Discovered byM. F. Wolf
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date9 January 1901
Designations
(464) Megaira
Pronunciation/mɪˈɡaɪərə/ (Megaira)
/mɪˈdʒɪərə/ (Megaera)[2]
Named after
Megaera
(Greek mythology)[3]
A901 AB · 1929 AH
A912 JB · A912 JC
A916 FD · 1901 FV
Orbital characteristics [4]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc119.07 yr (43,489 d)
Aphelion3.3764 AU
Perihelion2.2248 AU
2.8006 AU
Eccentricity0.2056
4.69 yr (1,712 d)
253.43°
0° 12m 37.08s / day
Inclination10.170°
102.37°
258.19°
Physical characteristics
  • 74.04±5.9 km[7]
  • 77.056±0.450 km[8]
  • 79.28±1.16 km[9]
12.879±0.001 h[10]
  • 0.045±0.002[9]
  • 0.046±0.011[8]
  • 0.0502±0.009[7]
9.7[1][4]

464 Megaira (prov. designation: A901 AB or 1901 FV) is a dark and large background asteroid, approximately 77 kilometers (48 miles) in diameter, located in the central region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany on 9 January 1901.[1] The carbonaceous C-type asteroid (FX) has a rotation period of 12.9 hours. It was named after Megaera from Greek mythology.[3]

Orbit and classification

[edit]

Megaira is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[5][6] It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.2–3.4 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,712 days; semi-major axis of 2.8 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.[4] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg Observatory with its official discovery observation on 9 January 1901.[1]

Naming

[edit]

This minor planet was named after Megaera, the avenging spirit from Greek mythology. She is one of the three Erinyes (Furies), who bring retribution on those guilty of sins. The naming was also mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 50).[3] It was the first numbered minor planet detected in the 20th century.[3]

Physical characteristics

[edit]

In the Tholen classification-SMASS classification, Megaira is closest to a dark F-type asteroid, and somewhat similar to an X-type, though with an unusual (U) and noisy spectra (:).[4] In the Bus–Binzel SMASS classification it is a common carbonaceous C-type asteroid.

Rotation period

[edit]

In March 2019, a rotational lightcurve of Megaira was obtained from photometric observations by Frederick Pilcher. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 12.879±0.001 hours with a brightness variation of 0.12±0.01 magnitude (U=3).[10] The result supersedes previously published period determinations.[11][12][13]

Diameter and albedo

[edit]

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Megaira measures between 55.09 and 85.50 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.03 and 0.06.[6][7][8][9][14] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link takes an albedo of 0.0469 from Petr Pravec's revised WISE data and calculates a diameter of 78.29 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.47.[14]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "464 Megaira (A901 AB)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  2. ^ "Megaera". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(464) Megaira". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 52. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_465. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 464 Megaira (A901 AB)" (2020-02-03 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Asteroid 464 Megaira – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  6. ^ a b c "Asteroid 464 Megaira". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  7. ^ a b c Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  8. ^ a b c Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  9. ^ a b c Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  10. ^ a b Pilcher, Frederick (July 2019). "Rotation Period Determinations for 58 Concordia, 384 Burdigala, 464 Megaira, 488 Kreusa, and 491 Carina" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 46 (3): 360–363. Bibcode:2019MPBu...46..360P. ISSN 1052-8091.
  11. ^ Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (464) Megaira". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  12. ^ Polakis, Tom (July 2019). "Lightcurves of Twelve Main-Belt Minor Planets" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 46 (3): 287–292. Bibcode:2019MPBu...46..287P. ISSN 1052-8091.
  13. ^ Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75.
  14. ^ a b "LCDB Data for (464) Megaira". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 11 March 2020.
[edit]
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