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{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{ taxobox
{{speciesbox
| image = Sapodilla big.jpg
| image = Sapodilla big.jpg
| image_width =
| genus = Manilkara
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| species = chicle
⚫
| authority = ([[Henri François Pittier|Pittier]]) [[Charles Louis Gilly|Gilly]]<ref name=ipni1>''Trop. Woods'' no. 73: 14. 1943 {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=C2CDD17854C13F81AEE2ABA353BCB0D6?id=152591-2 |title=Plant Name Details for ''Manilkara chicle'' |quote=nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae ''Achras chicle''|work=[[International Plant Names Index|IPNI]] |accessdate=December 25, 2009}}</ref>
| unranked_divisio = [[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]]
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
| ordo = [[Ericales]]
| familia = [[Sapotaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Manilkara]]''
| species = '''''M. chicle'''''
| binomial = ''Manilkara chicle''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Henri François Pittier|Pittier]]) [[Charles Louis Gilly|Gilly]]<ref name=ipni1>''Trop. Woods'' no. 73: 14. 1943 {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=C2CDD17854C13F81AEE2ABA353BCB0D6?id=152591-2 |title=Plant Name Details for ''Manilkara chicle'' |quote=nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae ''Achras chicle''|work=[[International Plant Names Index|IPNI]] |accessdate=December 25, 2009}}</ref>
| synonyms = ''Achras chicle'' <small>Pittier</small><br>''Mopania chicle'' <small>(Pittier) [[Cyrus Longworth Lundell|Lundell]]</small>
| synonyms = ''Achras chicle'' <small>Pittier</small><br>''Mopania chicle'' <small>(Pittier) [[Cyrus Longworth Lundell|Lundell]]</small>
: list sources :<ref name=ipni1/><ref name=ipni2>''J. Wash. Acad. Sci.'' 9: 436. 1919 {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=2415-2 |title=Plant Name Details for ''Achras chicle'' |quote=Distribution: Vega Grande, near Los Amates, Izabal (Guatemala, Central America, Southern America)<br>nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae ''Mopania chicle''<br>nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae ''Manilkara chicle'' |work=IPNI |accessdate=December 25, 2009}}</ref><ref name=ipni3>''Wrightia'' 6: 19. 1978 {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=164209-2 |title=Plant Name Details for ''Mopania chicle'' |quote=nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae ''Achras chicle'' |work=IPNI |accessdate=December 25, 2009}}</ref>
: list sources :<ref name=ipni1/><ref name=ipni2>''J. Wash. Acad. Sci.'' 9: 436. 1919 {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=2415-2 |title=Plant Name Details for ''Achras chicle'' |quote=Distribution: Vega Grande, near Los Amates, Izabal (Guatemala, Central America, Southern America)<br>nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae ''Mopania chicle''<br>nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae ''Manilkara chicle'' |work=IPNI |accessdate=December 25, 2009}}</ref><ref name=ipni3>''Wrightia'' 6: 19. 1978 {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=164209-2 |title=Plant Name Details for ''Mopania chicle'' |quote=nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae ''Achras chicle'' |work=IPNI |accessdate=December 25, 2009}}</ref>
}}
}}
⚫
'''''Manilkara chicle''''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|tʃ|ɪ|k|əl}}) is a tropical [[evergreen]] [[tree]] native to [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]]. The tree ranges from [[Veracruz]] in [[Mexico]] south to [[Department of Atlántico|Atlántico]] in [[Colombia]].<ref>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?428790 Manilkara chicle information from NPGS/GRIN<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It yields a [[natural gum]] known as '''chicle''', traditionally used in making [[chewing gum]] and other products.


⚫
'''''Manilkara chicle''''' is a tropical [[evergreen]] [[tree]] native to [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]]. The tree ranges from [[Veracruz]] in [[Mexico]] south to [[Department of Atlántico|Atlántico]] in [[Colombia]].<ref>{{GRIN | accessdate = 14 January 2018}}</ref> It yields a [[natural gum]] known as [[chicle]], traditionally used in making [[chewing gum]] and other products.
==Chicle==
''Chicle'' is both a common name for ''Manilkara chicle'' and a more general term for the type of [[latex]] exuded by Mesoamerican trees of the ''[[Manilkara]]'' genus. Common source of chicle is ''[[Manilkara zapota]]''.<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chicle?show=0&t=1300372087 Chicle], Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved March 17, 2011.</ref>


==See also==
The word ''chicle'' comes from the [[Nahuatl]] word for the gum, ''tziktli'' {{IPA-nah|ˈtsiktɬi|}}, which can be translated as "sticky stuff". Alternatively, "chichle" may have come from the Mayan word ''tsicte''.<ref>[http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/index.php?one=azt&two=art&id=168 Mexicolore article on chicle]</ref> Chicle was well known to the Nahuatl-speaking [[Aztecs]] and to the [[Maya civilization|Maya]], and early European settlers prized it for its subtle flavour and high sugar content. The ancient word is still used in the Americas, ''chicle'' being a common term for chewing gum in Spanish and ''chiclete'' being the Brazilian Portuguese term.
* ''[[Manilkara zapota]]'', the sapodilla tree

While the [[Wrigley Company]] was a prominent user of this material in the production of chewing gum, today only a few companies still make chewing gum from natural chicle. This is because, by the 1960s, chicle was replaced by [[butadiene]]-based [[synthetic rubber]] which was cheaper to manufacture. The [[Chiclets]] brand of chewing gum is named after chicle.

The tapping of the gum is similar to the tapping of [[latex]] from the [[rubber]] tree: [[zig-zag]] gashes are made in the tree trunk and the dripping gum is collected in small bags. It is then boiled until it reaches the correct thickness. Locals who collect chicle are called ''chicleros''. Due to widespread tapping, the ''Manilkara chicle'' tree has become scarce, and other sources, such as the related ''balatá'' (''[[Manilkara bidentata|M. bidentata]]'') are increasing in use.

In response to a land reform law passed in Guatemala in 1952, which ended feudal work relations and expropriated unused lands and sold them to the indigenous and peasants, the Wrigley Gum Company refused to continue buying Guatemalan chicle. Since it was the sole buyer of Guatemalan chicle, the government was forced to create a massive aid program for growers.<ref name="isbn0-393-30964-9">{{cite book |author=LaFeber, Walter |title=Inevitable revolutions: the United States in Central America |publisher=W.W. Norton |location=New York |year=1993 |pages=119 |isbn=0-393-30964-9 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{commonscat-inline}}
{{wikispecies-inline}}
{{wikispecies-inline}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1072226}}


[[Category:Manilkara|chicle]]
[[Category:Manilkara|chicle]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1919]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1919]]
[[Category:Natural gums]]
[[Category:Trees of Northern America]]
[[Category:Mesoamerican cuisine]]
[[Category:Nahuatl words and phrases]]
[[Category:Trees of Oaxaca]]
[[Category:Trees of Puebla]]
[[Category:Trees of Veracruz]]
[[Category:Trees of Chiapas]]
[[Category:Trees of Central America]]
[[Category:Crops originating from Mexico]]
[[Category:Crops originating from Colombia]]
[[Category:Article Feedback 5]]

[[ca:Manilkara chicle]]
[[cs:Chicle]]
[[de:Chicle]]
[[fa:مانیلکارا چیکله]]
[[fr:Chiclé]]
[[it:Chicle]]
[[pt:Chicle]]
[[fi:Chicle]]
[[uk:Чікл]]

Latest revision as of 14:10, 23 December 2023

Manilkara chicle
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Sapotaceae
Genus: Manilkara
Species:
M. chicle
Binomial name
Manilkara chicle
Synonyms

Achras chicle Pittier
Mopania chicle (Pittier) Lundell

list sources :[1][2][3]

Manilkara chicle is a tropical evergreen tree native to Mexico and Central America. The tree ranges from Veracruz in Mexico south to Atlántico in Colombia.[4] It yields a natural gum known as chicle, traditionally used in making chewing gum and other products.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Trop. Woods no. 73: 14. 1943 "Plant Name Details for Manilkara chicle". IPNI. Retrieved December 25, 2009. nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae Achras chicle
  2. ^ J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 9: 436. 1919 "Plant Name Details for Achras chicle". IPNI. Retrieved December 25, 2009. Distribution: Vega Grande, near Los Amates, Izabal (Guatemala, Central America, Southern America)
    nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae Mopania chicle
    nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae Manilkara chicle
  3. ^ Wrightia 6: 19. 1978 "Plant Name Details for Mopania chicle". IPNI. Retrieved December 25, 2009. nomenclatural synonym: Sapotaceae Achras chicle
  4. ^ "Manilkara chicle". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
[edit]

Data related to Manilkara chicle at Wikispecies

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