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'''Aetosaurinae''' is one of the two main clades of [[aetosaur]]s, the other being [[Desmatosuchia]]. It is a [[stem-based taxon]] defined as all aetosaurs more closely related to ''[[Aetosaurus]]'' than ''[[Desmatosuchus]]''. Aetosaurinae currently comprises ''Aetosaurus,'' similar forms such as ''[[Coahomasuchus]]'' and ''[[Stenomyti]]'', and the widespread and successful aetosaur clade [[Typothoracinae]].<ref name=":0" /> |
'''Aetosaurinae''' is one of the two main clades of [[aetosaur]]s, the other being [[Desmatosuchia]]. It is a [[stem-based taxon]] defined as all aetosaurs more closely related to ''[[Aetosaurus]]'' than ''[[Desmatosuchus]]''. Aetosaurinae currently comprises ''Aetosaurus,'' similar forms such as ''[[Coahomasuchus]]'' and ''[[Stenomyti]]'', and the widespread and successful aetosaur clade [[Typothoracinae]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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== Previous usage == |
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Aetosaurinae was originally named in 2000, as a [[subfamily]] solely including ''Aetosaurus'', which was assumed to be the earliest-diverging aetosaur.<ref name="HL00">{{cite journal|last=Heckert|first=A. B.|author2=and Lucas|author3=S. G.|year=2000|title=Taxonomy, phylogeny, biostratigraphy, biochronology, paleobiogeography, and evolution of the Late Triassic Aetosauria (Archosauria: Crurotarsi).|url=https://www.academia.edu/1175956|journal=Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I|volume=11-12|pages=1539–1587}}</ref> In 2007, it was extended to include the subfamily |
Aetosaurinae was originally named in 2000, as a [[subfamily]] solely including ''Aetosaurus'', which was assumed to be the earliest-diverging aetosaur.<ref name="HL00">{{cite journal|last=Heckert|first=A. B.|author2=and Lucas|author3=S. G.|year=2000|title=Taxonomy, phylogeny, biostratigraphy, biochronology, paleobiogeography, and evolution of the Late Triassic Aetosauria (Archosauria: Crurotarsi).|url=https://www.academia.edu/1175956|journal=Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I|volume=11-12|pages=1539–1587}}</ref> In 2007, it was extended to include the subfamily Typothoracinae as well as various [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] aetosaurs which were not clearly within [[Desmatosuchinae]]. These proposed non-typothoracine aetosaurines included ''Coahomasuchus'', ''[[Neoaetosauroides]]'', ''[[Aetosauroides]]'', ''[[Stagonolepis|Stagonolepis robertsoni]],'' and ''"Stagonolepis"'' (''[[Calyptosuchus]]'') ''wellesi''. As a subfamily containing practically all non-desmatosuchine aetosaurs, Aetosaurinae was poorly-supported. It was diagnosed by a singly [[synapomorphy]]: the dorsal eminence of each paramedian [[osteoderm]] was offset medially.<ref name="PWG07">{{cite journal|last=Parker|first=W. G.|year=2007|title=Reassessment of the aetosaur '''Desmatosuchus' chamaensis'' with a reanalysis of the phylogeny of the Aetosauria (Archosauria:Pseudosuchia)|url=http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/dino/nm/Parker2007-Heliocanthus.pdf|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology|volume=5|pages=41–68|doi=10.1017/S1477201906001994|s2cid=85826683}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Parker|first1=William G.|last2=Stocker|first2=Michelle R.|last3=Irmis|first3=Randall B.|date=2008-09-12|title=A new desmatosuchine aetosaur (Archosauria: Suchia) from the Upper Triassic Tecovas Formation (Dockum Group) of Texas|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272152066|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=28|issue=3|pages=692–701|doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[692:ANDAAS]2.0.CO;2|s2cid=84455880 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref> |
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A phylogenetic study in 2012 found that this widest usage of Aetosaurinae was [[paraphyletic]]. ''Aetosaurus'' was recovered as the basal-most stagonolepidid, with other non-typothoracisine aetosaurines placed as successively more [[Synapomorphy|derived]] taxa leading up to a clade containing Desmatosuchinae and Typothoracisinae. In this phylogeny, all aetosaurines except for ''Aetosaurus'' were more closely related to ''Desmatosuchus'' than they are to ''Aetosaurus.'' As a result, the clade Aetosaurinae would only include ''Aetosaurus''.<ref name="DEK12">{{cite journal|last=Desojo|first=J.B.|author2=Ezcurra, M.D.|author3=Kischlat, E.E.|year=2012|title=A new aetosaur genus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280386026|journal=Zootaxa|volume=3166|pages=1–33|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3166.1.1|issn=1175-5326}}</ref> |
A phylogenetic study in 2012 found that this widest usage of Aetosaurinae was [[paraphyletic]]. ''Aetosaurus'' was recovered as the basal-most stagonolepidid, with other non-typothoracisine aetosaurines placed as successively more [[Synapomorphy|derived]] taxa leading up to a clade containing Desmatosuchinae and Typothoracisinae. In this phylogeny, all aetosaurines except for ''Aetosaurus'' were more closely related to ''Desmatosuchus'' than they are to ''Aetosaurus.'' As a result, the clade Aetosaurinae would only include ''Aetosaurus''.<ref name="DEK12">{{cite journal|last=Desojo|first=J.B.|author2=Ezcurra, M.D.|author3=Kischlat, E.E.|year=2012|title=A new aetosaur genus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280386026|journal=Zootaxa|volume=3166|pages=1–33|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3166.1.1|issn=1175-5326}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Heckert|first1=Andrew B.|last2=Schneider|first2=Vincent P.|last3=Fraser|first3=Nicholas C.|last4=Webb|first4=Richard A.|date=2015-01-02|title=A new aetosaur (Archosauria, Suchia) from the Upper Triassic Pekin Formation, Deep River Basin, North Carolina, U.S.A., and its implications for early aetosaur evolution|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2014.881831|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=35|issue=1|pages=e881831|doi=10.1080/02724634.2014.881831|bibcode=2015JVPal..35E1831H |s2cid=140176110|issn=0272-4634}}</ref> |
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== Current usage == |
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More recent data and phylogenies have brought Aetosaurinae back into usage, albeit in a more restricted form. A 2016 study once again considered Typothoracinae to be closer to ''Aetosaurus'' than to desmatosuchines. Therefore, Typothoracinae would lie within Aetosaurinae, making Aetosaurinae a valid and non-[[Monotypic taxon|monotypic]] clade once more.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Parker|first=William G.|date=2016-01-21|title=Revised phylogenetic analysis of the Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia); assessing the effects of incongruent morphological character sets|journal=PeerJ|language=en|volume=4|pages=e1583|doi=10.7717/peerj.1583|pmid=26819845|pmc=4727975|issn=2167-8359|doi-access=free}}</ref> Newly described or redescribed genera such as ''Stenomyti'' and ''Coahomasuchus'' have also been incorporated into Aetosaurinae.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hoffman|first1=Devin K.|last2=Heckert|first2=Andrew B.|last3=Zanno|first3=Lindsay E.|date=2018-02-13|title=Under the armor: X-ray computed tomographic reconstruction of the internal skeleton of Coahomasuchus chathamensis (Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina, USA, and a phylogenetic analysis of Aetosauria|journal=PeerJ|language=en|volume=6|pages=e4368|doi=10.7717/peerj.4368|pmid=29456892|pmc=5815331|issn=2167-8359|doi-access=free}}</ref> Aetosaurinae is the [[sister taxon]] to Desmatosuchia, a new clade including desmatosuchines and their relatives, such as ''Stagonolepis''.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Relative to desmatosuchians, aetosaurines have proportionally shorter and more lightly built skulls, as well as several other distinctive traits. The [[Orbit (anatomy)|orbit]] is large and circular, while the [[supratemporal fenestrae]] are fairly small. This also means that the [[Parietal bone|parietals]] are wider than the [[Frontal bone|frontals]] on the skull roof, at least in early-diverging genera such as ''Aetosaurus'' and ''Stenomyti''. The [[nares]] are similar in size or smaller than the orbit. The snout tapers to a point, without the "shovel-shaped" [[premaxilla]] extensions found in ''Stagonolepis'' and ''[[Desmatosuchus]]''.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Reyes|first1=William A.|last2=Parker|first2=William G.|last3=Marsh|first3=Adam D.|date=2020-12-10|title=Cranial anatomy and dentition of the aetosaur ''Typothorax coccinarum'' (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Upper Triassic (Revueltian–mid Norian) Chinle Formation of Arizona|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1876080|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=40|issue=6|pages=e1876080|doi=10.1080/02724634.2020.1876080|bibcode=2020JVPal..40E6080R |s2cid=233616969|issn=0272-4634}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 22:24, 23 December 2023
| Aetosaurinae Temporal range: Late Triassic
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| A bonebed of Aetosaurus | |
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| Paratypothorax, a typothoracine | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Clade: | Archosauria |
| Clade: | Pseudosuchia |
| Order: | †Aetosauria |
| Family: | †Stagonolepididae |
| Subfamily: | †Aetosaurinae Heckert and Lucas, 2000 |
| Clades | |
Aetosaurinae is one of the two main clades of aetosaurs, the other being Desmatosuchia. It is a stem-based taxon defined as all aetosaurs more closely related to Aetosaurus than Desmatosuchus. Aetosaurinae currently comprises Aetosaurus, similar forms such as Coahomasuchus and Stenomyti, and the widespread and successful aetosaur clade Typothoracinae.[1]
Previous usage
[edit]Aetosaurinae was originally named in 2000, as a subfamily solely including Aetosaurus, which was assumed to be the earliest-diverging aetosaur.[2] In 2007, it was extended to include the subfamily Typothoracinae as well as various basal aetosaurs which were not clearly within Desmatosuchinae. These proposed non-typothoracine aetosaurines included Coahomasuchus, Neoaetosauroides, Aetosauroides, Stagonolepis robertsoni, and "Stagonolepis" (Calyptosuchus) wellesi. As a subfamily containing practically all non-desmatosuchine aetosaurs, Aetosaurinae was poorly-supported. It was diagnosed by a singly synapomorphy: the dorsal eminence of each paramedian osteoderm was offset medially.[3][4]
A phylogenetic study in 2012 found that this widest usage of Aetosaurinae was paraphyletic. Aetosaurus was recovered as the basal-most stagonolepidid, with other non-typothoracisine aetosaurines placed as successively more derived taxa leading up to a clade containing Desmatosuchinae and Typothoracisinae. In this phylogeny, all aetosaurines except for Aetosaurus were more closely related to Desmatosuchus than they are to Aetosaurus. As a result, the clade Aetosaurinae would only include Aetosaurus.[5][6]
Current usage
[edit]More recent data and phylogenies have brought Aetosaurinae back into usage, albeit in a more restricted form. A 2016 study once again considered Typothoracinae to be closer to Aetosaurus than to desmatosuchines. Therefore, Typothoracinae would lie within Aetosaurinae, making Aetosaurinae a valid and non-monotypic clade once more.[1] Newly described or redescribed genera such as Stenomyti and Coahomasuchus have also been incorporated into Aetosaurinae.[1][7] Aetosaurinae is the sister taxon to Desmatosuchia, a new clade including desmatosuchines and their relatives, such as Stagonolepis.[1]
Relative to desmatosuchians, aetosaurines have proportionally shorter and more lightly built skulls, as well as several other distinctive traits. The orbit is large and circular, while the supratemporal fenestrae are fairly small. This also means that the parietals are wider than the frontals on the skull roof, at least in early-diverging genera such as Aetosaurus and Stenomyti. The nares are similar in size or smaller than the orbit. The snout tapers to a point, without the "shovel-shaped" premaxilla extensions found in Stagonolepis and Desmatosuchus.[1][8]
References
[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Parker, William G. (2016-01-21). "Revised phylogenetic analysis of the Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia); assessing the effects of incongruent morphological character sets". PeerJ. 4: e1583. doi:10.7717/peerj.1583. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4727975. PMID 26819845.
- ^ Heckert, A. B.; and Lucas; S. G. (2000). "Taxonomy, phylogeny, biostratigraphy, biochronology, paleobiogeography, and evolution of the Late Triassic Aetosauria (Archosauria: Crurotarsi)". Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I. 11–12: 1539–1587.
- '^ Parker, W. G. (2007). "Reassessment of the aetosaur Desmatosuchus' chamaensis with a reanalysis of the phylogeny of the Aetosauria (Archosauria:Pseudosuchia)" (PDF). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 5: 41–68. doi:10.1017/S1477201906001994. S2CID 85826683.
- ^ Parker, William G.; Stocker, Michelle R.; Irmis, Randall B. (2008-09-12). "A new desmatosuchine aetosaur (Archosauria: Suchia) from the Upper Triassic Tecovas Formation (Dockum Group) of Texas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (3): 692–701. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[692:ANDAAS]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 84455880.
- ^ Desojo, J.B.; Ezcurra, M.D.; Kischlat, E.E. (2012). "A new aetosaur genus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil". Zootaxa. 3166: 1–33. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3166.1.1. ISSN 1175-5326.
- ^ Heckert, Andrew B.; Schneider, Vincent P.; Fraser, Nicholas C.; Webb, Richard A. (2015-01-02). "A new aetosaur (Archosauria, Suchia) from the Upper Triassic Pekin Formation, Deep River Basin, North Carolina, U.S.A., and its implications for early aetosaur evolution". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (1): e881831. Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E1831H. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.881831. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 140176110.
- ^ Hoffman, Devin K.; Heckert, Andrew B.; Zanno, Lindsay E. (2018-02-13). "Under the armor: X-ray computed tomographic reconstruction of the internal skeleton of Coahomasuchus chathamensis (Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina, USA, and a phylogenetic analysis of Aetosauria". PeerJ. 6: e4368. doi:10.7717/peerj.4368. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 5815331. PMID 29456892.
- ^ Reyes, William A.; Parker, William G.; Marsh, Adam D. (2020-12-10). "Cranial anatomy and dentition of the aetosaur Typothorax coccinarum (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Upper Triassic (Revueltian–mid Norian) Chinle Formation of Arizona". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (6): e1876080. Bibcode:2020JVPal..40E6080R. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1876080. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 233616969.
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