Acanthopagrus berda: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of fish}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
{{Speciesbox |
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| image = Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål, 1775).jpg |
| image = Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål, 1775).jpg |
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| status = LC |
| status = LC |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref name= |
| status_ref = <ref name = iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Russell, B. |author2=Mann, B.Q. |author3=Buxton, C.D. |author4=Pollard, D.A. |author5=Carpenter, K.E. |author6=Iwatsuki, Y. |author7=Liao, L. |author8=Shao, K.-T. |author9=Sparks, J.S. |date=2017 |title=''Acanthopagrus berda'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T170266A96231628 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T170266A96231628.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> |
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| taxon = Acanthopagrus berda |
| taxon = Acanthopagrus berda |
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| authority = ([[ |
| authority = ([[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1775) |
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| synonyms = |
| synonyms = {{Specieslist |
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| Sparus berda | Fabricius, 1775 |
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*''Sparus hasta'' <small>Bloch & Schneider,1801</small> |
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| Chrysophrys berda | (Fabricius, 1775) |
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| Mylio berda | (Fabricius, 1775) |
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| Pagrus berda | (Fabricius, 1775) |
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| Sparus hasta | [[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]] & [[Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider|Schneider]], 1801 |
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| Sparus calamara | [[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1829 |
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| Chrysophrys calamara | [[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1830 |
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| Acanthopagrus calamara | (Valenciennes, 1830) |
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| Chrysophrys madagascariensis | Valenciennes, 1830 |
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| Sparus madagascariensis | (Valenciennes, 1830) |
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| Chrysophrys berda calamara | [[Francis Day|Day]], 1876 |
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| Chrysophrys robinsoni | [[John Gilchrist (zoologist)|Gilchrist]] & [[William Wardlaw Thompson|W. W. Thompson]], 1908 |
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| Pagrus robinsoni | (Gilchrist & W. W. Thompson, 1908) |
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}} |
}} |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase|Acanthpagrus|berda|month=October|year=2023}}</ref> |
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}} |
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'''''Acanthopagrus berda''''', the '''goldsilk seabream''', '''sly bream''', '''picnic seabream''', '''black sea bream''', '''black porgy''', '''picky bream''', '''silver bream''' or '''river bream''', is a species of [[ray-finned fish]] belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Sparidae]], the sea breams and porgies. This species is found in the Indian Ocean. |
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==Taxonomy== |
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'''''Acanthopagrus berda''''', the '''goldsilk seabream''', '''sly bream''' or '''picnic seabream''', among other names, is a marine fish in the family [[Sparidae]] native to the [[Indian Ocean]]. Feeding activity intensifies in the summer and is related to temperature and the maximal abundance of benthic organisms. Their diet primarily consists of barnacles, crabs, and oysters, while the secondary food items consist of shrimp, clam and mussels, although the species' diet consists of a wide variety ranging from feeding on teleost, worms, molluscs, small fishes, and plant material.<ref name="iucn"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Thomas |first1=Shilta |title=The Food and Feeding Habits of Goldsilk Seabream, Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskal, 1775) |url=http://www.trjfas.org/uploads/pdf_1365.pdf |publisher=Turk. J. Fish.& Aquat. Sci. 19(7), 605-614 |accessdate=12 April 2019}}</ref> |
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''Acanthopargus berda'' was first formally [[Species description|described]] as ''Sparus berda'' in 1775 by the Danish [[zoologist]] [[Johan Christian Fabricius]] and published in ''Descriptiones animalium'' edited by [[Carsten Niebuhr]]. Fabricius based his description on the notes of [[Peter Forsskål]] who had died while on an expedition, which Neibuhr was also a member of, to Arabia.<ref name = Fricke2008>{{cite journal |author=[[Ronald Fricke]] | year =2008 |title=Authorship, availability and validity of fish names described by Peter (Pehr) Simon Forsskål and Johann Christian Fabricius in the 'Descriptiones animalium' by Carsten Niebuhr in 1775 (Pisces) |journal=Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie. |volume=1 |pages=1–76 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235686196_Authorship_availability_and_validity_of_fish_names_described_by_Peter_Pehr_Simon_Forsskal_and_Johann_Christian_Fabricius_in_the_'Descriptiones_animalium'_by_Carsten_Niebuhr_in_1775_Pisces}}</ref> The [[Type locality (biology)|Type locality]] was given as [[Al Luhayyah]] in Yemen.<ref name = CofF>{{Cof genus|genus=Acanthopagrus|access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref> Some authorities classify the [[genus]] ''[[Acanthopagrus]]'' in the subfamily Sparinae,<ref name = Parenti>{{cite journal |author= Parenti, P. |year=2019 |title=An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae |journal=FishTaxa |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=47-98 |url= https://fishtaxa.com/menuscript/index.php/ft/article/view/49/52}}</ref> but the 5th edition of ''[[Fishes of the World]]'' does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |author1=Nelson, J.S. |author1-link=Joseph S. Nelson |author2=Grande, T.C. |author3=Wilson, M.V.H. |year=2016 |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |place=Hoboken, NJ |pages=502-506 |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |lccn=2015037522 |oclc=951899884 |ol=25909650M |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
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''Acanthopagrus berda'' has the [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''berda'', which is the name for this species along the Red Sea coast of Yemen.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ |title=Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |access-date=20 December 2023 |date=17 October 2022 |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}</ref> |
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The goldsilk seabream is found in Indian Ocean. It has been found along the coasts of South Africa, Mozambique, India and in the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, as well as in Malaysia (Penang Island and Langkawi Island, near Singapore)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Acanthopagrus-berda.html|title=Acanthopagrus berda summary page|website=FishBase|language=en|access-date=2019-09-29}}</ref>. It is demersal and oceanodromous, and can be found inhabiting marine, freshwater and brackish waters<ref name=":0" />. |
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==Description== |
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''Acanthopagrus berda'' has a relatively deep and compressed body with the depth of its body fitting into its [[standard length]] between 2.4 and 2.6 times. The [[dorsal fin]] is supported by 11 or 12 spines, while the [[anal fin]] has 3 spines, with the second spine being longer than the third, and 8 or 9 soft rays.<ref name = WIOF>{{cite book |author=Yukio Iwatsuki |author2=Phillip C Heemstra |name-list-style=and |chapter=Family Sparidae |pages=284-315 |title=Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean |volume=3 |editor1=[[Phil Heemstra|Phillip C Heemstra]] |editor2=Elaine Heemstra |editor3=David A Ebert |editor4=Wouter Holleman |editor5=[[John Ernest Randall|John E Randall]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-990951-32-9 |publisher=South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity |url=https://saiab.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/1._wiof_volume_3_text.pdf}}</ref> There are robust molar-like teeth along both jaws, the rows of these teeth are clearly curved laterally at the back of the lower jaw.<ref name = Fishbase/> It is dark olive brown on the upper body, becoming very black when the fish is stressed or excited, much paler on the lower body with metallic tints.<ref name = WIOF/> This species has a maximum published [[total length]] of {{cvt|90|cm}}, although {{cvt|35|cm}} is more typical.<ref name = Fishbase/> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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''Acanthopagrus berda'' is found in the Indian Ocean. It is found along the eastern coast of Africa from the Egypt, Israel and Jordan south to the [[Eastern Cape]] of South Africa and Madagascar, east along the Asian coast to [[Peninsular Malaysia]], Singapore and [[Sumatra]]. There are claims from freshwater in southern Africa but these are unconfirmed, although it has been recorded in freshwater in Madagascar, and records from the [[Persian Gulf]] are thought to be misidentifications of ''[[Acanthopagrus randalli|A. randalli]]''. The goldsilk sea bream is dependent on estuaries and is found on areas of sand and mud substrates as deep as {{cvt|50|m}}. Juveniles and subadults are found in sheltered bays and estuaries.<ref name = iucn/> |
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==Biology== |
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''Acanthopagrus berda'' is a predatory species with just over half the prey recorded being [[crustacea]], mainly [[crab]]s and [[barnacle]]s, and [[Bivalvia|bivalves]], [[mussel]]s in the genus ''[[Modiolus (bivalve)|Modiolus]]'' and [[oyster]]s. Fish, squid and vegetable matter were also recorded as food items.<ref name = Shilta>{{cite journal |author= Shilta Madathampady Thomas |author2=Narinder Kumar Chadha |author3=Suresh Babu |author4=Padinhate Purayil |author5=Asokan Pillaru Kandiyil |author6=Vinod Kavungal |author7=Imelda Joseph |author8=Paramita Banrjee Sawant |author9=Ramya Abhijith |display-authors=3 |year=2018 |title=The Food and Feeding Habits of Goldsilk Seabream, ''Acanthopagrus berda'' (Forsskal, 1775) |journal=Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences |volume=19 |issue=7 |pages=605-614 |doi=10.4194/1303-2712-v19_7_07|doi-access=free }}</ref> This species is a [[protandrous hermaphrodite]],<ref name = Fishbase/> with functional males being most numerous in smaller size classes. Adults have [[Ovotestis|ovotestes]] but may be functionally male or female when spawning. The spawning season for this fish lasts from August to December off [[Kerala]].<ref name = Shilta2>{{cite journal |title=The annual reproductive cycle and sex inversion of the Picnic seabream, ''Acanthopagrus berda'' (Forsskål 1775) from Indian waters: Histological and morphometric description |author=Shilta Madathampady Thomas |author2=Suresh Babu Padinhate Purayil |author3=Chadha Narinder Kumar |author4=Asokan Pillaru Kandiyil |author5=Vinod Kavungal |author6=Imelda Joseph |author7=Paramita Banerjee Sawant |author8=Ramya Abhijith |display-authors=3 |year=2019 |doi=10.1111/are.14246 |journal=Aquaculture Research |volume=50 |issue=10 |pages=2917-2913|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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==Fisheries== |
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''Acanthopagrus berda'' is a popular species for recreational anglers which does not seem to be subjected to heavy fishing pressure. It is fished for by artisanal fisheries in India.<ref name = iucn/> This species is being studied for its potential for [[aquaculture]] in India.<ref name = Hatchery>{{cite web | url = https://hatcheryfm.com/fish/india-develops-hatchery-technology-for-picnic-seabream/ |title=India develops hatchery technology for picnic seabream |access-date=20 December 2023 |publisher=Hatchery Feed & Management}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q2704854}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2704854}} |
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[[Category:Acanthopagrus| |
[[Category:Acanthopagrus|berda]] |
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[[Category:Fish of the Indian Ocean]] |
[[Category:Fish of the Indian Ocean]] |
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[[Category:Fish described in 1775]] |
[[Category:Fish described in 1775]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by |
[[Category:Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius]] |
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{{Perciformes-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 06:45, 25 December 2023
| Acanthopagrus berda | |
|---|---|
.jpg)
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| Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål, 1775) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Sparidae |
| Genus: | Acanthopagrus |
| Species: | A. berda
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| Binomial name | |
| Acanthopagrus berda (Fabricius, 1775)
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Acanthopagrus berda, the goldsilk seabream, sly bream, picnic seabream, black sea bream, black porgy, picky bream, silver bream or river bream, is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. This species is found in the Indian Ocean.
Taxonomy
[edit]Acanthopargus berda was first formally described as Sparus berda in 1775 by the Danish zoologist Johan Christian Fabricius and published in Descriptiones animalium edited by Carsten Niebuhr. Fabricius based his description on the notes of Peter Forsskål who had died while on an expedition, which Neibuhr was also a member of, to Arabia.[3] The Type locality was given as Al Luhayyah in Yemen.[4] Some authorities classify the genus Acanthopagrus in the subfamily Sparinae,[5] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.[6]
Etymology
[edit]Acanthopagrus berda has the specific name berda, which is the name for this species along the Red Sea coast of Yemen.[7]
Description
[edit]Acanthopagrus berda has a relatively deep and compressed body with the depth of its body fitting into its standard length between 2.4 and 2.6 times. The dorsal fin is supported by 11 or 12 spines, while the anal fin has 3 spines, with the second spine being longer than the third, and 8 or 9 soft rays.[8] There are robust molar-like teeth along both jaws, the rows of these teeth are clearly curved laterally at the back of the lower jaw.[2] It is dark olive brown on the upper body, becoming very black when the fish is stressed or excited, much paler on the lower body with metallic tints.[8] This species has a maximum published total length of 90 cm (35 in), although 35 cm (14 in) is more typical.[2]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Acanthopagrus berda is found in the Indian Ocean. It is found along the eastern coast of Africa from the Egypt, Israel and Jordan south to the Eastern Cape of South Africa and Madagascar, east along the Asian coast to Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Sumatra. There are claims from freshwater in southern Africa but these are unconfirmed, although it has been recorded in freshwater in Madagascar, and records from the Persian Gulf are thought to be misidentifications of A. randalli. The goldsilk sea bream is dependent on estuaries and is found on areas of sand and mud substrates as deep as 50 m (160 ft). Juveniles and subadults are found in sheltered bays and estuaries.[1]
Biology
[edit]Acanthopagrus berda is a predatory species with just over half the prey recorded being crustacea, mainly crabs and barnacles, and bivalves, mussels in the genus Modiolus and oysters. Fish, squid and vegetable matter were also recorded as food items.[9] This species is a protandrous hermaphrodite,[2] with functional males being most numerous in smaller size classes. Adults have ovotestes but may be functionally male or female when spawning. The spawning season for this fish lasts from August to December off Kerala.[10]
Fisheries
[edit]Acanthopagrus berda is a popular species for recreational anglers which does not seem to be subjected to heavy fishing pressure. It is fished for by artisanal fisheries in India.[1] This species is being studied for its potential for aquaculture in India.[11]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Russell, B.; Mann, B.Q.; Buxton, C.D.; Pollard, D.A.; Carpenter, K.E.; Iwatsuki, Y.; Liao, L.; Shao, K.-T.; Sparks, J.S. (2017). "Acanthopagrus berda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T170266A96231628. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T170266A96231628.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Acanthpagrus berda". FishBase. October 2023 version.
- ^ Ronald Fricke (2008). "Authorship, availability and validity of fish names described by Peter (Pehr) Simon Forsskål and Johann Christian Fabricius in the 'Descriptiones animalium' by Carsten Niebuhr in 1775 (Pisces)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie. 1: 1–76.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Acanthopagrus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- ^ Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- ^ a b Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315. ISBN 978-1-990951-32-9.
- ^ Shilta Madathampady Thomas; Narinder Kumar Chadha; Suresh Babu; et al. (2018). "The Food and Feeding Habits of Goldsilk Seabream, Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskal, 1775)". Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 19 (7): 605–614. doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v19_7_07.
- ^ Shilta Madathampady Thomas; Suresh Babu Padinhate Purayil; Chadha Narinder Kumar; et al. (2019). "The annual reproductive cycle and sex inversion of the Picnic seabream, Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål 1775) from Indian waters: Histological and morphometric description". Aquaculture Research. 50 (10): 2917–2913. doi:10.1111/are.14246.
- ^ "India develops hatchery technology for picnic seabream". Hatchery Feed & Management. Retrieved 20 December 2023.