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{{Short description|Norwegian army officer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
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| caption =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1915|07|01|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1915|07|01|df=y}}
| death_date = 1989 (aged 73 or 74)
| death_date = 1989 (aged 73)
| birth_place = [[Bergen]], Norway
| birth_place = [[Bergen]], Norway
| death_place =
| death_place =
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| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| allegiance = {{flag|Norway}}
| allegiance = {{flag|Norway}}
| branch = [[File:Norwegian army coat of arms.svg|25px]] [[Norwegian Army]]
| branch = [[File:Coat of arms of the Norwegian Army.svg|25px]] [[Norwegian Army]]
| serviceyears = 1934–1972
| serviceyears = 1934–1972
| rank = Colonel
| rank = Colonel
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| commands = No. 5 Norwegian Troop<br/>Artillery Regiment 3
| commands = No. 5 Norwegian Troop<br/>Artillery Regiment 3
| battles =[[World War II|Second World War]]
| battles =[[World War II|Second World War]]
*[[Norwegian Campaign]]
*[[Norwegian Campaign]]{{POW}}
*[[Battle of the Scheldt]]
*[[Battle of the Scheldt]]
**[[Operation Infatuate]]
**[[Operation Infatuate]]{{WIA}}
*[[Operation Doomsday]]
*[[Operation Doomsday]]
| battles_label =
| battles_label =
| awards =Norwegian:<br/>[[St. Olav's Medal With Oak Branch]]<br/>[[War Medal (Norway)|War Medal]]<br/>[[Defence Medal 1940–1945]]<br/>[[Haakon VII 70th Anniversary Medal]]<br/>British:<br/>[[Military Cross]]<br/>[[1939–45 Star]]<br/>[[France and Germany Star]]
| awards =Norwegian:<br/>[[St. Olav's Medal with Oak Branch]]<br/>[[War Medal (Norway)|War Medal]]<br/>[[Defence Medal 1940–1945]]<br/>[[Haakon VII 70th Anniversary Medal]]<br/>British:<br/>[[Military Cross]]<br/>[[1939–45 Star]]<br/>[[France and Germany Star]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Margaret Gerrard Watt Burnett|1942|}}
| relations =
| relations =
| laterwork =
| laterwork =
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}}
}}


'''Rolf Hauge''' [[Military Cross|MC]] (1 July 1915 – 1989) was a Norwegian army officer with the rank of colonel. Having participated in the 1940 [[Norwegian Campaign]], opposing the German [[Operation Weserübung|invasion of Norway]], he later commanded ''No. 5 Norwegian Troop'' of the [[No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando]].
'''Rolf Hauge''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|MC}} (1915 – 1989) was a Norwegian army officer with the rank of colonel. Having participated in the 1940 [[Norwegian Campaign]], opposing the German [[Operation Weserübung|invasion of Norway]], he later served with the [[Norwegian Armed Forces in exile]], commanding ''No. 5 Norwegian Troop'' of the [[No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando]].


== Personal life ==
== Personal life ==
Hauge was born in [[Bergen]], a son of Jørgen Ingjeldsen Hauge and Randi Urheim. He had his schooling at [[Bergen Cathedral School]]. He married Margaret Gerrard Watt Burnett from Scotland in 1942, the couple having a son in 1943.<ref name=heh>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Hvem er Hvem?]] |year=1973 |title=Hauge, Rolf |url=http://runeberg.org/hvemerhvem/1973/0220.html |edition=11 |editor-first=Bjørn |editor-last=Steenstrup |location=Oslo |publisher=Aschehoug |language=Norwegian |accessdate=14 April 2014}}</ref><ref>Møller 1959: p. 524.</ref> Hauge died in 1989.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rolf Hauge|last=Danielsen|first=D.|date=18 May 1989|work=[[Aftenposten]]|page=15|language=Norwegian}}</ref>
Hauge was born in [[Bergen]], a son of Jørgen Ingjeldsen Hauge and Randi Urheim. He had his schooling at [[Bergen Cathedral School]]. He married Margaret Gerrard Watt Burnett from Scotland in 1942; the couple had a son in 1943.<ref name=heh>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Hvem er Hvem?]] |year=1973 |title=Hauge, Rolf |url=https://runeberg.org/hvemerhvem/1973/0220.html |edition=11 |editor-first=Bjørn |editor-last=Steenstrup |location=Oslo |publisher=Aschehoug |language=no |access-date=14 April 2014}}</ref><ref>Møller 1959: p. 524.</ref> Hauge died in 1989.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rolf Hauge|last=Danielsen|first=D.|date=18 May 1989|work=[[Aftenposten]]|page=15|language=no}}</ref>


==Pre-World War II==
==Pre-World War II==
In 1934–35, Hauge studied at and graduated from the Norwegian field artillery's officer school.<ref>Gamst 1998: pp. 203, 211.</ref> Following his first bout of military studies, he studied social economics in 1935–37. In 1937 he began two years of studies at the [[Norwegian Military Academy]], becoming a lieutenant serving in the [[Kongsberg]] and Bergen [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]] command in 1939.<ref name=Moller165>Møller 1959: p. 165.</ref>
In 1934–35, Hauge studied at and graduated from the Norwegian field artillery's officer school.<ref>Gamst 1998: pp. 203, 211.</ref> Following his first round of military studies, he studied social economics in 1935–37. In 1937 he began two years of studies at the [[Norwegian Military Academy]], becoming a lieutenant serving in the [[Kongsberg]] and Bergen [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]] command in 1939.<ref name=Moller165>Møller 1959: p. 165.</ref>


== World War II ==
== World War II ==
During the [[Norwegian Campaign]] in 1940 Hauge took part in the defence of [[Rjukan]] from 9 April onwards.<ref>Johnsen 1956: p. 101</ref><ref name=heh/> He had recently graduated from the Norwegian Military Academy as anti-aircraft officer, and commanded an improvised heavy machine gun company fighting at Rjukan as a lieutenant until the forces there were dissolved on 3 May 1940, following the [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] evacuation from southern and central Norway.<ref>Haga 1984: p. 19</ref><ref>Johnsen 1956: pp. 116–173</ref> Although Rjukan and the entire county of [[Telemark]] had been considered by the Norwegian military leadership as having no strategic value, it was nonetheless defended following requests by the Allies. The Allies wanted the [[Heavy water#Norway|heavy water]] production facilities at Rjukan defended against the advancing German forces.<ref>Johnsen 1956: pp. 84, 289</ref>{{#tag:ref|The German-controlled production of heavy water at [[Vemork]] near Rjukan ended in 1943, after a [[Norwegian heavy water sabotage|successful sabotage action]] by operatives from [[Norwegian Independent Company 1]] and a bombing raid by American heavy bombers.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kraglund |first=Ivar |authorlink=Ivar Kraglund |editor=Dahl, Hans Fredrik |encyclopedia=[[Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45]] |title=tungtvannssabotasjonen |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/d2e8afecb1aba47bf48bb3cd246dd070?index=0 |accessdate=24 April 2014 |edition= |year=1995 |publisher=Cappelen |volume= |location=Oslo |id= |isbn= |doi= |pages= |quote= |language=Norwegian |editor-link= Hans Fredrik Dahl }}</ref>|group=Note}} After the end of the fighting in Rjukan, Hauge attempted to make his way through Sweden to the [[Battle of Narvik|still Norwegian-controlled]] areas in Northern Norway, but was handed over to the Germans by Swedish officials. Having been held as a prisoner by the Germans in [[Trondheim]] until June 1940, he made contact with the [[Norwegian resistance movement|resistance movement]] later in 1940.<ref>Haga 1984: p. 20</ref> He was arrested in December 1940,<ref name=fangenskap>{{cite book|title=Nordmenn i fangenskap 1940–1945 |editor-first=Kristian |editor-last=Ottosen|editor-link=Kristian Ottosen |page=292 |publisher=Universitetsforlaget |location=Oslo |year=2004 |origyear=1995 |edition=2 }}</ref> due to the disclosure of a resistance group, but was released shortly before Christmas, on parole with obligation to report to the [[German occupation of Norway|German occupants]].<ref>Haga 1984: pp. 19</ref> Fearing further consequences, he decided to flee to Sweden. Here he was given tickets to travel the "long way" to Britain: aircraft to Moscow, further with train over Odessa, by boat over the Black Sea, further with ship from Suez around the [[Cape of Good Hope]] to the [[Atlantic Ocean]], finally ending up in [[Glasgow]] in September 1941. In Great Britain he joined the [[Norwegian Armed Forces in exile]], where he served as second-in-command of Company 4 of the Norwegian Brigade.<ref>Haga 1984: pp. 20–22</ref> In June 1942 two infantry troops from this company were sent to a [[shock troops]] training course at [[Fort William, Scotland|Fort William]].<ref>Fjærli 1982: p. 186.</ref> In August 1942 Hauge was given the command of ''No. 5 Norwegian Troop'' of the [[No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando]],<ref name=heh/><ref>van der Bijl 2006: p. 8.</ref> with the rank of Captain. Hauge was authorized to select volunteers from the whole Norwegian Brigade, but with the core from Company 4 which recently had undergone the shock troops training course. The unit was initially based in [[Nefyn]] in Wales, and they had to go through a standard three weeks ''Commando Hardening Course'' in [[Achnacarry]] before they were accepted as commandos.<ref>Fjærli 1982: pp. 187–188.</ref>
During the [[Norwegian Campaign]] in 1940, Hauge took part in the defence of [[Rjukan]] from 9 April onwards.<ref name=heh/><ref>Johnsen 1956: p. 101</ref> He had recently graduated from the Norwegian Military Academy as an anti-aircraft officer, and, as a lieutenant, commanded an improvised heavy machine gun company fighting at Rjukan until the forces there were dissolved on 3 May 1940, following the [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] evacuation from southern and central Norway.<ref>Haga 1984: p. 19</ref><ref>Johnsen 1956: pp. 116–173</ref> Although Rjukan and the entire county of [[Telemark]] had been considered by the Norwegian military leadership as having no strategic value, it was nonetheless defended following requests by the Allies, who wanted the [[Heavy water#Norway|heavy water]] production facilities at Rjukan defended against the advancing German forces.<ref>Johnsen 1956: pp. 84, 289</ref>{{#tag:ref|The German-controlled production of heavy water at [[Vemork]] near Rjukan ended in 1943, after a [[Norwegian heavy water sabotage|successful sabotage action]] by operatives from [[Norwegian Independent Company 1]] and a bombing raid by American heavy bombers.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kraglund |first=Ivar |author-link=Ivar Kraglund |editor=Dahl, Hans Fredrik |encyclopedia=[[Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45]] |title=tungtvannssabotasjonen |url=http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2010113005006 |access-date=24 April 2014 |year=1995 |publisher=Cappelen |location=Oslo |pages=425–426 |language=no |editor-link= Hans Fredrik Dahl }}</ref>|group=Note}}


After the end of the fighting in Rjukan, Hauge attempted to make his way through [[Sweden during World War II|neutral Sweden]] to the areas in Northern Norway [[Battle of Narvik|still controlled by Norway]], but was handed over to the Germans by Swedish officials. Having been held as a prisoner by the Germans in [[Trondheim]] until June 1940, he made contact with the [[Norwegian resistance movement|resistance movement]] later in 1940.<ref>Haga 1984: p. 20</ref> He was arrested in December 1940,<ref name=fangenskap>Ottosen 2004: P. 292</ref> due to the discovery of a resistance group by the Germans, but was released shortly before Christmas, on parole with the obligation to report to the [[German occupation of Norway|German occupiers]].<ref>Haga 1984: pp. 19</ref>
⚫
In January 1943 a detachment from the troop participated in the [[Operation Cartoon]], an attack on the [[pyrite]] mines of [[Stordø Kisgruber]] at [[Litlabø]] near [[Sagvåg]] in [[Stord]], Norway.<ref>Haga 1984: pp. 47–69</ref> From May 1943 the unit was based in [[Eastbourne]] and went through intensive training in preparation for landing operations. From January 1944 they were stationed in Shetland, where they took part in raids to the Norwegian coast, and in June they moved back to Eastbourne. His unit took part in the [[Battle of the Scheldt]], in particular the [[Operation Infatuate]], the victorious attack on [[Walcheren]] in November 1944.<ref>Fjærli 1982</ref><ref>Haga 1984: pp. 107–143</ref><ref>Melien 1979</ref> Hauge's report from the attack on Walcheren is reprinted in Fjærli's book from 1982 . The unit had a loss of four killed and seventeen injured during the eight days of the attack, Hauge being amongst the wounded.<ref>Fjærli 1982: pp. 192–198.</ref><ref name=vanderbijl51>van der Bijl 2006: p. 51.</ref> While recuperating, Hauge was awarded the British [[Military Cross]] for his leadership during the Walcheren battle.<ref>van der Bijl 2006: p. 59.</ref> In January 1945 No 5 Troop took part in the attack on the island [[Kapelsche Veer]], along with [[No. 47 (Royal Marine) Commando]]. This attack was not an immediate success, but the island was conquered by Canadian troops a few weeks later.<ref>Fjærli 1982: p. 191.</ref><ref>Haga 1984: pp. 159–168</ref> After the first Norwegian assault against the German lines had resulted in more than 50% casualties, Hauge had called of the renewed attacks ordered by No. 47 (Royal Marine) Commando. ''No. 5 Norwegian Troop'' saw no further fighting during the war after the Kapelsche Veer attack,<ref name=vanderbijl51/> being instead sent to [[Sweden in World War II|officially neutral Sweden]] on 1 May 1945. On 9 May 1945, eight days after arriving in Sweden, Hauge led ''No. 5 Norwegian Troop'' over [[Norway–Sweden border|the border]] to Norway to take part in [[Operation Doomsday|the disarming]] of the surrendered German forces there. When [[Olav V of Norway|Crown Prince Olav]] returned to Norway on 13 May, ''No. 5 Norwegian Troop'' formed his [[guard of honour]].<ref>van der Bijl 2006: pp. 57–58.</ref>


Fearing further consequences, he decided to escape to Sweden. Here he was given tickets to travel the "long way" to Britain: aircraft to [[Moscow]], by train to [[Odessa]], by boat over the [[Black Sea]], then by ship from [[Suez]] around the [[Cape of Good Hope]] to the [[Atlantic Ocean]], finally ending up in [[Glasgow]] in September 1941. In Great Britain he joined the [[Norwegian Armed Forces in exile]], where he served as second-in-command of Company 4 of the Norwegian Brigade.<ref>Haga 1984: pp. 20–22</ref> In June 1942 two infantry platoons from this company were sent to a [[shock troops]] training course at [[Fort William, Scotland|Fort William]].<ref>Fjærli 1982: p. 186.</ref> In August 1942 Hauge was given the command of ''No. 5 Norwegian Troop'' of the [[No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando]],<ref name=heh/><ref>van der Bijl 2006: p. 8.</ref> with the rank of captain. Hauge was authorized to select volunteers from the whole Norwegian Brigade, but with the core from Company 4 which recently had undergone the shock troops training course. The unit was initially based in [[Nefyn]] in Wales, and underwent a standard three-week ''Commando Hardening Course'' in [[Achnacarry]] before they were accepted as commandos.<ref>Fjærli 1982: pp. 187–188.</ref>
⚫
Among Hauge's war decorations were the [[St. Olav's Medal With Oak Branch]],<ref>Waage 1967</ref> the Norwegian [[War Medal (Norway)|War Medal]], the [[Defence Medal 1940–1945]], the [[Haakon VII 70th Anniversary Medal]], the British Military Cross, the [[1939–45 Star]]<ref name=heh/> and the [[France and Germany Star]].<ref name=Moller165/>

⚫
In January 1943 a detachment from the troop participated in [[Operation Cartoon]], an attack on the [[pyrite]] mines of [[Stordø Kisgruber]] at [[Litlabø]] near [[Sagvåg]] in [[Stord]], Norway.<ref>Haga 1984: pp. 47–69</ref> From May 1943 the unit was based in [[Eastbourne]] and went through intensive training in preparation for landing operations. From January 1944 they were stationed in Shetland, where they took part in raids to the Norwegian coast, and in June they moved back to Eastbourne. Hauge's unit took part in the [[Battle of the Scheldt]], in particular the [[Operation Infatuate]], the victorious attack on [[Walcheren]] in November 1944.<ref>Fjærli 1982</ref><ref>Haga 1984: pp. 107–143</ref><ref>Melien 1979</ref> Hauge's report from the attack on Walcheren is reprinted in [[Eystein Fjærli]]'s book from 1982. The unit had a loss of four killed and seventeen wounded during the eight days of the attack, Hauge being amongst the wounded.<ref>Fjærli 1982: pp. 192–198.</ref><ref name=vanderbijl51>van der Bijl 2006: p. 51.</ref> While recuperating, Hauge was awarded the British [[Military Cross]] for his leadership during the Walcheren battle.<ref>van der Bijl 2006: p. 59.</ref>

In January 1945, ''No. 5 Norwegian Troop'' took part in the attack on the island [[Kapelsche Veer]], along with [[No. 47 (Royal Marine) Commando]]. This attack was not an immediate success, but the island was conquered by Canadian troops a few weeks later.<ref>Fjærli 1982: p. 191.</ref><ref>Haga 1984: pp. 159–168</ref> After the first Norwegian assault against the German lines had resulted in more than 50% casualties, Hauge had called off the renewed attacks ordered by No. 47 (Royal Marine) Commando. ''No. 5 Norwegian Troop'' saw no further fighting during the war after the Kapelsche Veer attack,<ref name=vanderbijl51/> being instead sent to [[Sweden in World War II|officially neutral Sweden]] on 1 May 1945. On 9 May 1945, eight days after arriving in Sweden, Hauge led ''No. 5 Norwegian Troop'' over [[Norway–Sweden border|the border]] to Norway to take part in [[Operation Doomsday|the disarming]] of the surrendered German forces there. When [[Olav V of Norway|Crown Prince Olav]] returned to Norway on 13 May, ''No. 5 Norwegian Troop'' formed his [[guard of honour]].<ref>van der Bijl 2006: pp. 57–58.</ref>

⚫
Among Hauge's war decorations were the [[St. Olav's Medal With Oak Branch]],<ref>Waage 1967</ref> the Norwegian [[War Medal (Norway)|War Medal]], the [[Defence Medal 1940–1945]], the [[Haakon VII 70th Anniversary Medal]], the British Military Cross, the [[1939–45 Star]],<ref name=heh/> and the [[France and Germany Star]].<ref name=Moller165/>


== Later career ==
== Later career ==
Hauge continued his military career after [[World War II]]. He lectured at the [[Norwegian Military Academy]] from 1945 to 1946, studied at the [[Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences]] from 1946 to 1948, and commanded a field artillery battalion of the [[Norwegian Army Command Germany]] in 1949.<ref name=heh/> From 1951 to 1952 he served as a [[NATO]] staff officer, and from 1952 to 1958 he headed a field artillery training school.<ref name=gyl72/> From 1958 to 1972 he headed the Norwegian field artillery regiment 3 in [[Trondheim]], with the rank of colonel.<ref name=heh/><ref name=gyl72>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Hauge, Rolf |first= |last= |encyclopedia=Gyldendals store konversasjonsleksikon |editor1-last=Bull | editor1-first= | editor1-link=Francis Bull |editor2-last=Eskeland|editor2-link= |editor3-last=Tandberg |editor3-link=Erik Tandberg (space educator)| |publisher=Gyldendal |location=Oslo |edition=3 |year=1972 |volume=3 |language=Norwegian |accessdate=14 April 2014}}</ref>
Hauge continued his military career after [[World War II]]. He lectured at the [[Norwegian Military Academy]] from 1945 to 1946, studied at the [[Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences]] from 1946 to 1948, and commanded a field artillery battalion of the [[Norwegian Army Command Germany]] in 1949.<ref name=heh/> From 1951 to 1952 he served as a [[NATO]] staff officer, and from 1952 to 1958 he headed a field artillery training school.<ref name=gyl72/> From 1958 to 1972 he headed the Norwegian field artillery regiment 3 in [[Trondheim]], with the rank of colonel.<ref name=heh/><ref name=gyl72>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Hauge, Rolf |encyclopedia=Gyldendals store konversasjonsleksikon |editor1-last=Bull | editor1-link=Francis Bull |editor2-last=Eskeland|editor3-last=Tandberg |editor3-link=Erik Tandberg (space educator)|publisher=Gyldendal |location=Oslo |edition=3 |year=1972 |volume=3 |language=no }}</ref>

Hauge held lectures about his wartime front-line service at the [[Oslo]]-based officers' society [[Oslo Militære Samfund]] in November 1945 and November 1948.<ref>Broch 1950: pp. 91, 94.</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

===Notes===
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=Note}}
{{Reflist|group=Note}}
Line 65: Line 76:


=== Bibliography ===
=== Bibliography ===
*{{cite book|title=No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando 1942–45: Britain's Secret Commando |first=Nick |last=van der Bijl |authorlink= |isbn=1-84176-999-1 |year=2006 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Oxford }}
*{{cite book|title=No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando 1942–45: Britain's Secret Commando |first=Nick |last=van der Bijl |isbn=1-84176-999-1 |year=2006 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Oxford }}
*{{cite book|title=Den norske hær i Storbritannia 1940–1945 |first=Eystein |last=Fjærli |authorlink= |chapter=Vedlegg nr. 22. No 5 Troop 10. Interallied Commando |language=Norwegian |year=1982 |publisher=Tanum |location=Oslo |isbn=82-518-1582-7|pages=186–198}}
*{{cite book|title=Oslo militære samfund gjennom 25 år: 1925-50 |first=Ole Jacob |last=Broch |language=no |url=http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2011070420017 |year=1950 |publisher=Norsk militært tidsskrift |location=Oslo }}
*{{cite book|title=Befalsskolen for Feltartilleriet: 1931–1996 |first=Thorbein |last=Gamst |authorlink= |language=Norwegian |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/9411f3b67d33b0000c168e62b64e208c?index=0 |isbn=8299465206 |year=1998 |publisher=Artilleriregimentet og Artilleriets offisersforening |location=Oslo }}
*{{cite book|title=Den norske hær i Storbritannia 1940–1945 |first=Eystein |last=Fjærli |author-link=Eystein Fjærli |chapter=Vedlegg nr. 22. No 5 Troop 10. Interallied Commando |language=no |year=1982 |publisher=Tanum |location=Oslo |isbn=82-518-1582-7|pages=186–198}}
*{{cite book|title=Klar til storm. Med de norske commandos i annen verdenskrig |first=Arnfinn |last=Haga |authorlink=Arnfinn Haga |language=Norwegian |year=1984 |publisher=Cappelen |isbn=82-02-09088-1}}
*{{cite book|title=Befalsskolen for Feltartilleriet: 1931–1996 |first=Thorbein |last=Gamst |language=no |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/9411f3b67d33b0000c168e62b64e208c?index=0 |isbn=8299465206 |year=1998 |publisher=Artilleriregimentet og Artilleriets offisersforening |location=Oslo }}
*{{cite book|title=Krigen i Norge 1940. [6]: Operasjonene ved Telemark infanteriregiment nr. 3 og Kongsberg luftvern ; Operasjonene i Telemark; Operasjonene i Røldal |first=John |last=Johnsen |authorlink= |language=Norwegian |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/39694f1a4eaa92e4d51970ae22881501?index=2 |year=1956 |publisher=Gyldendal |location=Oslo }}
*{{cite book|title=Klar til storm. Med de norske commandos i annen verdenskrig |first=Arnfinn |last=Haga |author-link=Arnfinn Haga |language=no |year=1984 |publisher=Cappelen |isbn=82-02-09088-1}}
*{{cite book|title=Krigen i Norge 1940. [6]: Operasjonene ved Telemark infanteriregiment nr. 3 og Kongsberg luftvern; Operasjonene i Telemark; Operasjonene i Røldal |first=John |last=Johnsen |language=no |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/39694f1a4eaa92e4d51970ae22881501?index=2 |year=1956 |publisher=Gyldendal |location=Oslo }}
*{{cite book|title=De kjempet for vår frihet |first=Hans |last=Melien |authorlink= |language=Norwegian |year=1979 |publisher=Cappelen |isbn=82-02-04390-5 |pages=43–53 |chapter=Øivind Lærum: Jeg var en av de grønne djevlene }}
*{{cite book|title=De kjempet for vår frihet |first=Hans |last=Melien |language=no |year=1979 |publisher=Cappelen |isbn=82-02-04390-5 |pages=43–53 |chapter=Øivind Lærum: Jeg var en av de grønne djevlene }}
*{{cite book|title=Studentene fra 1934: biografiske opplysninger, statistikk og artikler samlet til 25 års jubileet 1959 |first=Tryggve Juul |last=Møller |first2=Alf |last2=Hartmann |authorlink= |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/e53748573c20ffdc12743bf417c69e0a?index=0 |language=Norwegian |year=1959 |publisher=Bokkomiteen for studentene fra 1934 |location=Oslo }}
*{{cite book|title=Studentene fra 1934: biografiske opplysninger, statistikk og artikler samlet til 25 års jubileet 1959 |first=Tryggve Juul |last=Møller |first2=Alf |last2=Hartmann |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/e53748573c20ffdc12743bf417c69e0a?index=0 |language=no |year=1959 |publisher=Bokkomiteen for studentene fra 1934 |location=Oslo }}
⚫
*{{cite book|title=Den høyeste heder |first=Johan |last=Waage |authorlink= |language=Norwegian |year=1967 |publisher=Dreyer |location=Oslo |page=211 |chapter=St. Olavs-medaljen }}
*{{cite book|title=Nordmenn i fangenskap 1940–1945 |editor-first=Kristian |editor-last=Ottosen|editor-link=Kristian Ottosen |publisher=Universitetsforlaget |location=Oslo |year=2004 |orig-year=1995 |edition=2 |language=no }}

⚫
*{{cite book|title=Den høyeste heder |first=Johan |last=Waage |language=no |year=1967 |publisher=Dreyer |location=Oslo |page=211 |chapter=St. Olavs-medaljen }}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Hauge, Rolf}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hauge, Rolf}}
[[Category:1915 births]]
[[Category:1915 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bergen]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Bergen]]
[[Category:People educated at the Bergen Cathedral School]]
[[Category:People educated at the Bergen Cathedral School]]
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[[Category:Norwegian Military Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Norwegian Military Academy]]
[[Category:Norwegian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Norwegian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Norwegian prisoners of war in World War II]]
[[Category:Norwegian prisoners of war in World War II]]
[[Category:World War II prisoners of war held by Germany]]
[[Category:World War II prisoners of war held by Germany]]
[[Category:Norwegian resistance members]]
[[Category:Norwegian resistance members]]
⚫
[[Category:Norwegian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of Germany]]
[[Category:British Army Commandos officers]]
[[Category:British Army Commandos officers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Military Cross]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Military Cross]]
[[Category:Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal With Oak Branch]]
[[Category:Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal with Oak Branch]]

Latest revision as of 06:09, 26 December 2023

Rolf Hauge
Born(1915-07-01)1 July 1915
Bergen, Norway
Died1989 (aged 73)
Allegiance Norway
Service / branch Norwegian Army
Years of service1934–1972
RankColonel
UnitKongsberg and Bergen anti-aircraft command
Norwegian Armed Forces in exile
No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando
Norwegian Army Command Germany
CommandsNo. 5 Norwegian Troop
Artillery Regiment 3
Battles / warsSecond World War
AwardsNorwegian:
St. Olav's Medal with Oak Branch
War Medal
Defence Medal 1940–1945
Haakon VII 70th Anniversary Medal
British:
Military Cross
1939–45 Star
France and Germany Star
Spouse(s)
Margaret Gerrard Watt Burnett
​
​
(m. 1942)​

Rolf Hauge MC (1915 – 1989) was a Norwegian army officer with the rank of colonel. Having participated in the 1940 Norwegian Campaign, opposing the German invasion of Norway, he later served with the Norwegian Armed Forces in exile, commanding No. 5 Norwegian Troop of the No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando.

Personal life

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Hauge was born in Bergen, a son of Jørgen Ingjeldsen Hauge and Randi Urheim. He had his schooling at Bergen Cathedral School. He married Margaret Gerrard Watt Burnett from Scotland in 1942; the couple had a son in 1943.[1][2] Hauge died in 1989.[3]

Pre-World War II

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In 1934–35, Hauge studied at and graduated from the Norwegian field artillery's officer school.[4] Following his first round of military studies, he studied social economics in 1935–37. In 1937 he began two years of studies at the Norwegian Military Academy, becoming a lieutenant serving in the Kongsberg and Bergen anti-aircraft command in 1939.[5]

World War II

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During the Norwegian Campaign in 1940, Hauge took part in the defence of Rjukan from 9 April onwards.[1][6] He had recently graduated from the Norwegian Military Academy as an anti-aircraft officer, and, as a lieutenant, commanded an improvised heavy machine gun company fighting at Rjukan until the forces there were dissolved on 3 May 1940, following the Allied evacuation from southern and central Norway.[7][8] Although Rjukan and the entire county of Telemark had been considered by the Norwegian military leadership as having no strategic value, it was nonetheless defended following requests by the Allies, who wanted the heavy water production facilities at Rjukan defended against the advancing German forces.[9][Note 1]

After the end of the fighting in Rjukan, Hauge attempted to make his way through neutral Sweden to the areas in Northern Norway still controlled by Norway, but was handed over to the Germans by Swedish officials. Having been held as a prisoner by the Germans in Trondheim until June 1940, he made contact with the resistance movement later in 1940.[11] He was arrested in December 1940,[12] due to the discovery of a resistance group by the Germans, but was released shortly before Christmas, on parole with the obligation to report to the German occupiers.[13]

Fearing further consequences, he decided to escape to Sweden. Here he was given tickets to travel the "long way" to Britain: aircraft to Moscow, by train to Odessa, by boat over the Black Sea, then by ship from Suez around the Cape of Good Hope to the Atlantic Ocean, finally ending up in Glasgow in September 1941. In Great Britain he joined the Norwegian Armed Forces in exile, where he served as second-in-command of Company 4 of the Norwegian Brigade.[14] In June 1942 two infantry platoons from this company were sent to a shock troops training course at Fort William.[15] In August 1942 Hauge was given the command of No. 5 Norwegian Troop of the No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando,[1][16] with the rank of captain. Hauge was authorized to select volunteers from the whole Norwegian Brigade, but with the core from Company 4 which recently had undergone the shock troops training course. The unit was initially based in Nefyn in Wales, and underwent a standard three-week Commando Hardening Course in Achnacarry before they were accepted as commandos.[17]

In January 1943 a detachment from the troop participated in Operation Cartoon, an attack on the pyrite mines of Stordø Kisgruber at Litlabø near Sagvåg in Stord, Norway.[18] From May 1943 the unit was based in Eastbourne and went through intensive training in preparation for landing operations. From January 1944 they were stationed in Shetland, where they took part in raids to the Norwegian coast, and in June they moved back to Eastbourne. Hauge's unit took part in the Battle of the Scheldt, in particular the Operation Infatuate, the victorious attack on Walcheren in November 1944.[19][20][21] Hauge's report from the attack on Walcheren is reprinted in Eystein Fjærli's book from 1982. The unit had a loss of four killed and seventeen wounded during the eight days of the attack, Hauge being amongst the wounded.[22][23] While recuperating, Hauge was awarded the British Military Cross for his leadership during the Walcheren battle.[24]

In January 1945, No. 5 Norwegian Troop took part in the attack on the island Kapelsche Veer, along with No. 47 (Royal Marine) Commando. This attack was not an immediate success, but the island was conquered by Canadian troops a few weeks later.[25][26] After the first Norwegian assault against the German lines had resulted in more than 50% casualties, Hauge had called off the renewed attacks ordered by No. 47 (Royal Marine) Commando. No. 5 Norwegian Troop saw no further fighting during the war after the Kapelsche Veer attack,[23] being instead sent to officially neutral Sweden on 1 May 1945. On 9 May 1945, eight days after arriving in Sweden, Hauge led No. 5 Norwegian Troop over the border to Norway to take part in the disarming of the surrendered German forces there. When Crown Prince Olav returned to Norway on 13 May, No. 5 Norwegian Troop formed his guard of honour.[27]

Among Hauge's war decorations were the St. Olav's Medal With Oak Branch,[28] the Norwegian War Medal, the Defence Medal 1940–1945, the Haakon VII 70th Anniversary Medal, the British Military Cross, the 1939–45 Star,[1] and the France and Germany Star.[5]

Later career

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Hauge continued his military career after World War II. He lectured at the Norwegian Military Academy from 1945 to 1946, studied at the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences from 1946 to 1948, and commanded a field artillery battalion of the Norwegian Army Command Germany in 1949.[1] From 1951 to 1952 he served as a NATO staff officer, and from 1952 to 1958 he headed a field artillery training school.[29] From 1958 to 1972 he headed the Norwegian field artillery regiment 3 in Trondheim, with the rank of colonel.[1][29]

Hauge held lectures about his wartime front-line service at the Oslo-based officers' society Oslo Militære Samfund in November 1945 and November 1948.[30]

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ The German-controlled production of heavy water at Vemork near Rjukan ended in 1943, after a successful sabotage action by operatives from Norwegian Independent Company 1 and a bombing raid by American heavy bombers.[10]

Citations

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Steenstrup, Bjørn, ed. (1973). "Hauge, Rolf". Hvem er Hvem? (in Norwegian) (11 ed.). Oslo: Aschehoug. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  2. ^ Møller 1959: p. 524.
  3. ^ Danielsen, D. (18 May 1989). "Rolf Hauge". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 15.
  4. ^ Gamst 1998: pp. 203, 211.
  5. ^ a b Møller 1959: p. 165.
  6. ^ Johnsen 1956: p. 101
  7. ^ Haga 1984: p. 19
  8. ^ Johnsen 1956: pp. 116–173
  9. ^ Johnsen 1956: pp. 84, 289
  10. ^ Kraglund, Ivar (1995). "tungtvannssabotasjonen". In Dahl, Hans Fredrik (ed.). Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45 (in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen. pp. 425–426. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  11. ^ Haga 1984: p. 20
  12. ^ Ottosen 2004: P. 292
  13. ^ Haga 1984: pp. 19
  14. ^ Haga 1984: pp. 20–22
  15. ^ Fjærli 1982: p. 186.
  16. ^ van der Bijl 2006: p. 8.
  17. ^ Fjærli 1982: pp. 187–188.
  18. ^ Haga 1984: pp. 47–69
  19. ^ Fjærli 1982
  20. ^ Haga 1984: pp. 107–143
  21. ^ Melien 1979
  22. ^ Fjærli 1982: pp. 192–198.
  23. ^ a b van der Bijl 2006: p. 51.
  24. ^ van der Bijl 2006: p. 59.
  25. ^ Fjærli 1982: p. 191.
  26. ^ Haga 1984: pp. 159–168
  27. ^ van der Bijl 2006: pp. 57–58.
  28. ^ Waage 1967
  29. ^ a b Bull; Eskeland; Tandberg, eds. (1972). "Hauge, Rolf". Gyldendals store konversasjonsleksikon (in Norwegian). Vol. 3 (3 ed.). Oslo: Gyldendal.
  30. ^ Broch 1950: pp. 91, 94.

Bibliography

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