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The Bronx Kill is a narrow strait in New York City delineating the southernmost extent of the Bronx. It separates the Bronx from Randalls Island. It connects the Harlem River to the East River.^[1]

History

Originally, the Bronx Kill was a sizeable waterway, approximately 600 feet (180 m) in width. As of 1917, there were also plans by the War Department to dredge a 24-foot (7.3 m) deep channel, 480 feet (150 m) in width, to improve navigation and reduce tidal currents. For this reason, in the early 20th century the New York Connecting Railroad built a movable bridge across the Bronx Kill on the approach to the Hell Gate Bridge.^[2]^[3] Similarly, the truss bridge of the Triborough Bridge across the Bronx Kill was designed to be convertible to a lift bridge.^[4] However, much of the Bronx Kill was later filled in to expand the parkland on Randalls Island.

The Bronx Kill offers a venue for kayakers and other human-powered boaters without the worry of larger vessel traffic. Canoe and kayak expeditions through the waterway begin on the Harlem River, near the Third Avenue Bridge. Crossings must be well timed for the tides, to ensure both the correct current direction and sufficient water height: at low water, parts of the Bronx Kill entirely bottom out, revealing muddy stretches, and assorted debris. There is also low air draft under the Randalls Island Connector.^[5] Consequently, no commercial vessels navigate the kill, with local businesses mostly opting instead for road and rail transport, including the Oak Point Link along its north bank.

21st century

In 2001, the New York Power Authority offered to construct a pedestrian bridge linking the Bronx with Randalls Island—part of the agency's remuneration to the community for building two new power plants in the South Bronx.^[6] That plan, however, fell by the wayside when local officials argued that an improved Triborough Bridge path would be sufficient. The state authority instead paid for energy efficiency measures in the borough as a whole, including a green roof on the Bronx County Courthouse.^{[citation needed]}

At the time, the two sidewalks of the Triborough Bridge's Bronx Kill span were connected to one long ramp at the Randalls Island end. This provides difficult access.^[7] Following years of negotiation for land with the operators of the Harlem River Yards on the north bank of the Kill,^[8] the Randalls Island Connector bridge was constructed across the Kill. The $6 million bridge, located underneath Amtrak's Hell Gate Bridge, provides pedestrian and bicycle access between the island and the Port Morris neighborhood of the Bronx and to the South Bronx Greenway.^[9] The connector opened in November 2015.^[10]

A 2006 plan for a water park—the first in the nation for a large city—on the northwest corner of Randalls Island was controversial. Announced by the Giuliani administration as a $48 million, 15-acre (61,000 m²) project, the proposal expanded to encompass 26 acres (110,000 m²) at a projected cost of $168 million before being cancelled in 2007.^[11]

References

^ Kadinsky, Sergey (2016). Hidden Waters of New York City: A History and Guide to 101 Forgotten Lakes, Ponds, Creeks, and Streams in the Five Boroughs. New York, NY: Countryman Press. pp. 85–87. ISBN 978-1-58157-566-8.
^ Ammann, O.H. (August 1917). "The Hell Gate Arch Bridge and Approaches of the New York Connecting Railroad over the East River in New York City". Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers. 43: 1763–1767.
^ Harlem, NY-NJ Quadrangle (Map). 1:62,500. 15 Minute Series (Topographic). United States Geological Survey. 1900. § SW. Archived from the original on 2019-01-29. Retrieved 2010-02-21.
^ Rastorfer, Darl (2000). Six Bridges: The Legacy of Othmar H. Ammann. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 166. ISBN 0-300-08047-6.
^ Bindley, Katherine (September 6, 2008). "On the Water, a Tight Fit and Nervous Boaters". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-09-18.
^ Koh, Eun Lee (March 4, 2001). "Not Merely a Footbridge, but a Path to a Rare Oasis". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-02-21.
^ Hu, Winnie (July 29, 2015). "Connector Between Randalls Island and Bronx Is to Open This Summer". The New York Times. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
^ "Pact will let city build bridge to Randall's Island". Mott Haven Herald. May 21, 2012. Retrieved 2015-11-17.
^ "South Bronx Greenway". New York City Economic Development Corporation. Archived from the original on 2010-10-31. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
^ Small, Eddie (November 11, 2015). "Long-Awaited Randall's Island Connector to Open This Weekend". DNA Info. Archived from the original on 2015-11-18. Retrieved 2015-11-17.
^ Danis, Kirsten (September 22, 2007). "City Cancels Plans for Randalls Island Water Park". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2011-02-24.

External links

Friends of Brook Park

40°47′57″N 73°55′11″W / 40.79917°N 73.91972°W / 40.79917; -73.91972

[1] Kadinsky, Sergey (2016). Hidden Waters of New York City: A History and Guide to 101 Forgotten Lakes, Ponds, Creeks, and Streams in the Five Boroughs. New York, NY: Countryman Press. pp. 85–87. ISBN 978-1-58157-566-8.

[2] Ammann, O.H. (August 1917). "The Hell Gate Arch Bridge and Approaches of the New York Connecting Railroad over the East River in New York City". Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers. 43: 1763–1767.

[3] Harlem, NY-NJ Quadrangle (Map). 1:62,500. 15 Minute Series (Topographic). United States Geological Survey. 1900. § SW. Archived from the original on 2019-01-29. Retrieved 2010-02-21.

[4] Rastorfer, Darl (2000). Six Bridges: The Legacy of Othmar H. Ammann. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 166. ISBN 0-300-08047-6.

[5] Bindley, Katherine (September 6, 2008). "On the Water, a Tight Fit and Nervous Boaters". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-09-18.

[6] Koh, Eun Lee (March 4, 2001). "Not Merely a Footbridge, but a Path to a Rare Oasis". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-02-21.

[7] Hu, Winnie (July 29, 2015). "Connector Between Randalls Island and Bronx Is to Open This Summer". The New York Times. Retrieved November 15, 2018.

[8] "Pact will let city build bridge to Randall's Island". Mott Haven Herald. May 21, 2012. Retrieved 2015-11-17.

[9] "South Bronx Greenway". New York City Economic Development Corporation. Archived from the original on 2010-10-31. Retrieved 2010-10-14.

[10] Small, Eddie (November 11, 2015). "Long-Awaited Randall's Island Connector to Open This Weekend". DNA Info. Archived from the original on 2015-11-18. Retrieved 2015-11-17.

[11] Danis, Kirsten (September 22, 2007). "City Cancels Plans for Randalls Island Water Park". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2011-02-24.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|River in New York City}}
-{{for|the Vertigo Crime graphic novel|The Bronx Kill}}
+{{about|the New York City waterway|the Vertigo Crime graphic novel|The Bronx Kill}}
-[[Image:Bronxkillwest.jpg|thumb|Looking west from [[Triborough Bridge]]]]
-[[Image:Bxkillmiddle.jpg|thumb|Looking east towards the bridges from the south bank]]
+[[Image:Bronx Kill West 2008 jeh.jpg|thumb|Looking west from [[Triborough Bridge]], high tide]]
-[[Image:Bronx Kill and Hell Gate Bridge east of Triboro jeh.jpg|thumb|Looking east from [[Triborough Bridge]]]]
+[[Image:Bronx Kill low east at low tide jeh.jpg|thumb|Looking east from under [[Hell Gate Bridge]] viaduct, low tide.]]
+[[File:Bronx Kill - Randalls Island - New York City.jpg|thumb|Looking to the east from the Triborough Bridge walkway toward the Hell Gate Bridge viaduct.]]
-[[File:Randalls Island Connector north thru Pier 15 jeh.JPG|thumb|Randalls Island Connectory]]
+[[File:Randalls Island Connector north thru Pier 15 jeh.JPG|thumb|Randalls Island Connector]]
-The '''Bronx Kill''' is a narrow [[strait]] in [[New York City]] delineating the southernmost extent of [[the Bronx]] and separating it from [[Randalls and Wards Islands|Randalls Island]]. It connects the [[Harlem River]] to the [[East River]].<ref>Kadinsky, Sergey (2016) ''Hidden Waters of New York City'' Countryman Press. Pp. 85-87 ISBN 978-1-58157-355-8</ref>
+The '''Bronx Kill''' is a narrow [[strait]] in [[New York City]] delineating the southernmost extent of [[the Bronx]]. It separates the Bronx from [[Randalls and Wards Islands|Randalls Island]]. It connects the [[Harlem River]] to the [[East River]].<ref>{{cite Hidden Waters NYC|pages=85-87}}</ref>
 ==History==
-Originally, the Bronx Kill was a sizeable waterway, approximately {{convert|600|ft|m}} in width.  There were also plans{{When|date=February 2011}} by the [[United States Department of War|War Department]] to dredge a {{convert|24|ft|m|adj=on}} deep channel, {{convert|480|ft|m}} in width, to improve navigation and reduce tidal currents.  For this reason, in the early 20th century the [[New York Connecting Railroad]] built a movable bridge across the Bronx Kill on the approach to the [[Hell Gate Bridge]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ammann |first=O.H. |authorlink=Othmar Ammann |date=August 1917 |title=The Hell Gate Arch Bridge and Approaches of the New York Connecting Railroad over the East River in New York City |journal=Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers |volume=43 |pages=1763–1767}}</ref><ref>{{cite map |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |title=Harlem, NY-NJ Quadrangle |url=http://docs.unh.edu/nhtopos/Harlem.htm |year=1900 |scale=1:62,500 |series=15 Minute Series (Topographic) |section=SW |accessdate=2010-02-21}}</ref> Similarly, the truss bridge of the [[Triborough Bridge]] across the Bronx Kill was designed to be convertible to a lift bridge.<ref>{{cite book |last= Rastorfer |first= Darl |title=Six Bridges: The Legacy of Othmar H. Ammann |year=2000 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |isbn=0-300-08047-6 |page=166}}</ref>  However, much of the Bronx Kill was later filled in to expand the parkland on Randalls Island.
+Originally, the Bronx Kill was a sizeable waterway, approximately {{convert|600|ft|m}} in width.  As of 1917, there were also plans by the [[United States Department of War|War Department]] to dredge a {{convert|24|ft|m|adj=on}} deep channel, {{convert|480|ft|m}} in width, to improve navigation and reduce tidal currents.  For this reason, in the early 20th century the [[New York Connecting Railroad]] built a movable bridge across the Bronx Kill on the approach to the [[Hell Gate Bridge]].<ref>{{cite journal
+ |last=Ammann |first=O.H. |authorlink=Othmar Ammann |date=August 1917
+ |title=The Hell Gate Arch Bridge and Approaches of the New York Connecting Railroad over the East River in New York City
+ |journal=Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers |volume=43 |pages=1763–1767
+ | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-gxAQAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite map |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |title=Harlem, NY-NJ Quadrangle |url=http://docs.unh.edu/nhtopos/Harlem.htm |year=1900 |scale=1:62,500 |series=15 Minute Series (Topographic) |section=SW |accessdate=2010-02-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129004839/http://docs.unh.edu/nhtopos/Harlem.htm |archivedate=2019-01-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Similarly, the truss bridge of the [[Triborough Bridge]] across the Bronx Kill was designed to be convertible to a lift bridge.<ref>{{cite book |last= Rastorfer |first= Darl
+ |title=Six Bridges: The Legacy of Othmar H. Ammann |year=2000
+ |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |isbn=0-300-08047-6 |page=166}}</ref>  However, much of the Bronx Kill was later filled in to expand the parkland on Randalls Island.
 ==Navigation==
-The Bronx Kill offers a venue for kayakers and other human-powered boaters without the worry of larger vessel traffic. Canoe and kayak expeditions through the waterway begin on the Harlem River, near the [[Third Avenue Bridge (Manhattan)|Third Avenue Bridge]]. Crossings must be well timed for the tides, to ensure both the correct current direction and sufficient water height: at low water, parts of the Bronx Kill entirely bottom out, revealing muddy stretches, abandoned cars and other assorted junk. There is also low clearance above the electrical conduits that supply power to Randalls Island.<ref>{{cite news |title=On the Water, a Tight Fit and Nervous Boaters |first=Katherine |last=Bindley |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/nyregion/thecity/07kaya.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 6, 2008 |accessdate=2009-09-18}}</ref>  Consequently, no commercial vessels navigate the kill, with local businesses mostly opting instead for road and rail transport, including the [[Oak Point Link]] along its north bank.
+The Bronx Kill offers a venue for kayakers and other human-powered boaters without the worry of larger vessel traffic. Canoe and kayak expeditions through the waterway begin on the Harlem River, near the [[Third Avenue Bridge (Manhattan)|Third Avenue Bridge]]. Crossings must be well timed for the tides, to ensure both the correct current direction and sufficient water height: at low water, parts of the Bronx Kill entirely bottom out, revealing muddy stretches, and assorted debris. There is also low [[air draft]] under the Randalls Island Connector.<ref>{{cite news |title=On the Water, a Tight Fit and Nervous Boaters |first=Katherine |last=Bindley |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/nyregion/thecity/07kaya.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 6, 2008 |accessdate=2009-09-18}}</ref>  Consequently, no commercial vessels navigate the kill, with local businesses mostly opting instead for road and rail transport, including the [[Oak Point Link]] along its north bank.
 == 21st century ==
-In 2001, the [[New York Power Authority]] offered to construct a pedestrian bridge linking the Bronx with Randalls Island—part of the agency's remuneration to the community for building two new power plants in the [[South Bronx]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Not Merely a Footbridge, but a Path to a Rare Oasis |first=Eun Lee |last=Koh |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/04/nyregion/neighborhood-report-mott-haven-not-merely-footbridge-but-path-rare-oasis.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 4, 2001 |accessdate=2010-02-21}}</ref> That plan, however, fell by the wayside when local officials argued that an improved Triborough Bridge path would be sufficient. The state authority instead paid for energy efficiency measures in the borough as a whole, including a [[green roof]] on the [[Bronx County Courthouse]].
+In 2001, the [[New York Power Authority]] offered to construct a pedestrian bridge linking the Bronx with Randalls Island—part of the agency's remuneration to the community for building two new power plants in the [[South Bronx]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Not Merely a Footbridge, but a Path to a Rare Oasis
+ |first=Eun Lee |last=Koh
+ |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/04/nyregion/neighborhood-report-mott-haven-not-merely-footbridge-but-path-rare-oasis.html
+ |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 4, 2001 |accessdate=2010-02-21}}</ref> That plan, however, fell by the wayside when local officials argued that an improved Triborough Bridge path would be sufficient.  The state authority instead paid for energy efficiency measures in the borough as a whole, including a [[green roof]] on the [[Bronx County Courthouse]].{{cn|date=November 2018}}
+At the time, the two sidewalks of the Triborough Bridge's Bronx Kill span were connected to one long ramp at the Randalls Island end. This provides difficult access.<ref>{{cite web | title=Connector Between Randalls Island and Bronx Is to Open This Summer
-Following years of negotiation for land with the operators of the Harlem River Rail Yard on the north bank of the Kill,<ref>{{Cite web|title = Pact will let city build bridge to Randall's Island|url = http://www.motthavenherald.com/2012/05/21/pact-will-let-city-build-bridge-to-randalls-island/|website = Mott Haven Herald|accessdate = 2015-11-17}}</ref> the Randalls Island Connector was constructed across the Kill to provide pedestrian and bicycle access between the island and the [[Port Morris, Bronx|Port Morris]] neighborhood of the Bronx and to the South Bronx Greenway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nycedc.com/ProjectsOpportunities/CurrentProjects/Bronx/SouthBronxGreenway/Pages/SouthBronxGreenway.aspx |title=South Bronx Greenway |work=New York City Economic Development Corporation |accessdate=2010-10-14}}</ref> The connector opened November 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Long-Awaited Randall's Island Connector to Open This Weekend|url = http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20151111/port-morris/long-awaited-randalls-island-connector-open-this-weekend|website = DNA Info|accessdate = 2015-11-17}}</ref>
+ | website=The New York Times | last=Hu | first=Winnie | date=July 29, 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/29/nyregion/connector-between-randalls-island-and-the-bronx-to-open-this-summer.html
+ | access-date=November 15, 2018}}</ref> Following years of negotiation for land with the operators of the [[Harlem River Yards]] on the north bank of the Kill,<ref>{{Cite web|date = May 21, 2012|title = Pact will let city build bridge to Randall's Island
+ |url = http://www.motthavenherald.com/2012/05/21/pact-will-let-city-build-bridge-to-randalls-island/
+ |website = Mott Haven Herald|accessdate = 2015-11-17}}</ref> the Randalls Island Connector bridge was constructed across the Kill. The $6 million bridge, located underneath [[Amtrak]]'s [[Hell Gate Bridge]], provides pedestrian and bicycle access between the island and the [[Port Morris, Bronx|Port Morris]] neighborhood of the Bronx and to the [[South Bronx Greenway]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nycedc.com/ProjectsOpportunities/CurrentProjects/Bronx/SouthBronxGreenway/Pages/SouthBronxGreenway.aspx |title=South Bronx Greenway |work=New York City Economic Development Corporation |accessdate=2010-10-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031000643/http://www.nycedc.com/ProjectsOpportunities/CurrentProjects/Bronx/SouthBronxGreenway/Pages/SouthBronxGreenway.aspx |archive-date=2010-10-31}}</ref> The connector opened in November 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Small|first = Eddie|date = November 11, 2015|title = Long-Awaited Randall's Island Connector to Open This Weekend|url = http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20151111/port-morris/long-awaited-randalls-island-connector-open-this-weekend|website = DNA Info|accessdate = 2015-11-17|url-status = dead|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151118162820/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20151111/port-morris/long-awaited-randalls-island-connector-open-this-weekend|archivedate = 2015-11-18}}</ref>
 A 2006 plan for a [[water park]]—the first in the nation for a large city—on the northwest corner of Randalls Island was controversial. Announced by the [[Rudy Giuliani|Giuliani]] administration as a $48&nbsp;million, {{convert|15|acre|m2|adj=on}} project, the proposal expanded to encompass {{convert|26|acre|m2}} at a projected cost of $168&nbsp;million before being cancelled in 2007.<ref>{{cite news
- |first=Kirsten |last=Danis |title=City Cancels Plans for Randalls Island Water Park |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2007/09/22/2007-09-22_city_cancels_plans_for_randalls_island_w.html |newspaper=Daily News |location=New York |date=September 22, 2007 |accessdate=2011-02-24}}</ref>
+ |first=Kirsten |last=Danis |title=City Cancels Plans for Randalls Island Water Park |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2007/09/22/2007-09-22_city_cancels_plans_for_randalls_island_w.html |newspaper=Daily News |location=New York |date=September 22, 2007 |accessdate=2011-02-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629072639/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2007/09/22/2007-09-22_city_cancels_plans_for_randalls_island_w.html |archive-date=2011-06-29}}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 30: / Line 44: @@
 ==External links==
 *[http://www.friendsofbrookpark.org/ Friends of Brook Park]
+{{New York City waterways}}
 {{coord|40|47|57|N|73|55|11|W|display=title}}
-[[Category:Straits of New York]]
 [[Category:Randalls and Wards Islands]]
-[[Category:Bodies of water of New York County, New York]]
+[[Category:Straits of New York County, New York]]
-[[Category:Bodies of water of Bronx County, New York]]
+[[Category:Straits of Bronx County, New York]]
+[[Category:Port Morris, Bronx]]