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Add: bibcode, s2cid, authors 1-1. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Prehistoric placental genera | #UCB_Category 274/645
 
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{{Short description|Extinct genus of mammals}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
⚫
|fossil_range = {{fossil_range|47.8|46.3}} Middle [[Eocene]]
|name = ''Eomanis''
⚫
|fossil_range = {{fossil_range|48.6|40.4}} Middle [[Eocene]]
|image = Eomanis waldi.jpg
|image = Eomanis waldi.jpg
|image_caption = Fossil of ''Eomanis waldi''
|image_caption = Fossil of ''Eomanis waldi''
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|display_parents = 4
|display_parents = 4
|taxon = Eomanis
|taxon = Eomanis
|grandparent_authority = Gaudin, 2009
|grandparent_authority = Gaudin, 2009<ref name="web2.utc.edu"/>
|parent_authority = Storch, 2003
|parent_authority = Storch, 2003<ref>Gerhard Storch (2003) "Fossil Old World "edentates" (Mammalia)." Senckenbergiana biologica 83 (1), pp. 51-60</ref>
|authority = [[Gerhard Storch|Storch]], 1978<ref name="Storch1978">Gerhard Storch (1978) "''Eomanis waldi'', a pangolin from the Middle Eocene of the "Pit Messel" near Darmstadt (Mammalia: Pholidota)." Senckenbergiana lethaea 59 (4/6), pp. 503-529</ref>
|authority = [[Gerhard Storch|Storch]], 1978
|type_species = ''Eomanis waldi''
|type_species = †'''''Eomanis waldi'''''
|type_species_authority = Storch, 1978
|type_species_authority = Storch, 1978
|subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
|subdivision =
⚫
* †''Eomanis waldi''
}}
}}

'''''Eomanis''''' ("dawn pangolin") is the earliest known true (and scaled) [[pangolin]]. It lived during the [[Eocene]] in [[Europe]]. ''Eomanis'' [[fossil]]s found in the [[Messel Pit]] in [[Germany]] are very similar in size and anatomy to living pangolins of the genus ''[[Manis]]'', indicating that pangolins have remained largely unchanged in morphology and behavior for 50 million years. However, unlike modern pangolins, its tail and legs did not bear scales.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} According to the stomach contents of the excellently preserved Messel specimens, ''Eomanis’'' [[diet (nutrition)|diet]] consisted of both [[insect]]s and [[plant]]s.
'''''Eomanis''''' ("dawn pangolin") is the earliest known true (and scaled) [[pangolin]] from extinct family '''Eomanidae''' (and extinct superfamily '''Eomanoidea''') within suborder [[Eupholidota]]. It lived during the [[Eocene]] in [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Cox, Barry |author2=Savage, R. J. G. |author3=Gardiner, Brian |author4=Dixon, Dougal |year=1988 |title=Macmillan Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals |chapter=Insectivores and creodonts |publisher=Macmillan London Limited |isbn=0-333-48699-4 |url= |page=213}}</ref> ''Eomanis'' [[fossil]]s found in the [[Messel Pit]] in [[Germany]] are very similar in size and anatomy to living pangolins of the genus ''[[Manis]]'', indicating that pangolins have remained largely unchanged in morphology and behavior for 50 million years. However, unlike modern pangolins, its tail and legs did not bear scales.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} According to the stomach contents of the excellently preserved Messel specimens, ''Eomanis’'' [[diet (nutrition)|diet]] consisted of both [[insect]]s and [[plant]]s.


Another early mammal discovered in the Messel Pit that was similar in anatomy and likely also had an insectivorous diet was ''[[Eurotamandua]]''.<ref name=EoDP>{{cite book |editor=Palmer, D. |year=1999 |title=The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals |publisher=Marshall Editions |location=London |page=209 |isbn=1-84028-152-9}}</ref> Despite its name, ''Eurotamandua'' was almost certainly not a [[xenarthran]] because it lacked the characteristic xenarthran joints present in all living and extinct xenarthrans. In addition, xenarthrans existed exclusively in South America for almost the entire [[Cenozoic era]]. They spread to North America after the Panama land bridge formed 3 million years ago, but never reached Eurasia or Africa. ''Eurotamandua'' was likely also an early pangolin, possibly the ancestor of ''Eomanis''.
Another early mammal discovered in the Messel Pit that was similar in anatomy and likely also had an insectivorous diet was ''[[Eurotamandua]]''.<ref name=EoDP>{{cite book |editor=Palmer, D. |year=1999 |title=The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals |publisher=Marshall Editions |location=London |page=209 |isbn=1-84028-152-9}}</ref> Despite its name, ''Eurotamandua'' was almost certainly not a [[xenarthran]] because it lacked the characteristic xenarthran joints present in all living and extinct xenarthrans. In addition, xenarthrans existed exclusively in South America for almost the entire [[Cenozoic era]]. They spread to North America after the Panama land bridge formed 3 million years ago, but never reached Eurasia or Africa. ''Eurotamandua'' was likely also an early pangolin, possibly the ancestor of ''Eomanis''.


== Phylogeny ==
== Phylogeny ==
Phylogenetic position of genus ''Eomanis'' within order Pholidota.<ref name="web2.utc.edu">{{cite journal |last=Gaudin |first=Timothy |year=2009 |title=The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media |location=Heidelberg, Germany |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=235–305 |doi=10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9 |url=http://web2.utc.edu/~gvv824/Gaudin%20et%20al%202009.pdf}}</ref><ref name="KondrashovAgadjanian2012">{{cite journal |last=Kondrashov |first=Peter |last2=Agadjanian |first2=Alexandre K. |title=A nearly complete skeleton of ''Ernanodon'' (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=32 |issue=5 |year=2012 |issn=0272-4634 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2012.694319 |pages=983–1001}}</ref>
Phylogenetic position of genus ''Eomanis'' within order Pholidota.<ref name="web2.utc.edu">{{cite journal |last=Gaudin |first=Timothy |year=2009 |title=The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media |location=Heidelberg, Germany |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=235–305 |doi=10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9 |s2cid=1773698 |url=http://web2.utc.edu/~gvv824/Gaudin%20et%20al%202009.pdf |access-date=2020-11-16 |archive-date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925134257/http://web2.utc.edu/~gvv824/Gaudin%20et%20al%202009.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="KondrashovAgadjanian2012">{{cite journal |last1=Kondrashov |first1=Peter |last2=Agadjanian |first2=Alexandre K. |title=A nearly complete skeleton of ''Ernanodon'' (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=32 |issue=5 |year=2012 |issn=0272-4634 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2012.694319 |pages=983–1001|bibcode=2012JVPal..32..983K |s2cid=86059673 }}</ref>
{{clade |style=font-size:85%;line-height:100%;
{{clade |style=font-size:85%;line-height:100%;
|label1=&nbsp;'''[[Pholidotamorpha]]'''&nbsp; |sublabel1=&nbsp;{{small|('''Pholidota''' ''sensu lato'')}}&nbsp;
|label1=&nbsp;'''[[Ferae]]'''&nbsp;
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=†'''[[Palaeanodonta]]''' [[File:Metacheiromys_DB152-2.jpg|60px]]
|1='''[[Pan-Carnivora]]''' [[File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_XI).jpg|50px]]
|label2=&nbsp;'''[[Pangolin|Pholidota]]'''&nbsp; |sublabel2=&nbsp;''sensu stricto''&nbsp;
|label2=&nbsp;'''[[Pholidotamorpha]]'''&nbsp; |sublabel2=&nbsp;{{small|('''Pholidota''' [''sensu lato''])}}&nbsp;
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=†''[[Euromanis]]''
|1=†'''[[Palaeanodonta]]''' [[File:Metacheiromys_DB152-2.jpg|60px]]
|label2=&nbsp;'''[[Pangolin|Pholidota]]'''&nbsp; |sublabel2=&nbsp;''sensu stricto''&nbsp;
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
⚫
|thickness2=2
|1=†'''[[Eurotamandua|Eurotamanduidae]]'''
|label2=&nbsp;'''[[Eupholidota]]'''&nbsp;
|1=†''[[Euromanis]]''
|2={{clade
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dotted
|2=†[[Pholidota sp. (BC 16’08)|Pholidota sp. (''BC 16’08'')]]
⚫
|thickness2=2
|3={{clade
|1='''[[Manoidea]]''' [[File:Pangolin Hardwicke (white background).jpg|60px]]
|label2=&nbsp;†'''Eomanoidea'''&nbsp;
|1=†'''[[Eurotamandua|Eurotamanduidae]]'''
|label2=&nbsp;'''[[Eupholidota]]'''&nbsp;
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|thickness=2 |label1=&nbsp;†'''Eomanidae'''&nbsp;
|thickness2=2
|1=†''Eomanis waldi''
|1='''[[Manoidea]]''' [[File:Pangolin Hardwicke (white background).jpg|60px]]
}} }} }} }} }} }}
|label2=&nbsp;†'''Eomanoidea'''&nbsp;
|2={{clade
|thickness=2 |label1=&nbsp;†'''Eomanidae'''&nbsp;
|1={{clade
|thickness=2 |label1=&nbsp;†'''''Eomanis'''''&nbsp;
⚫
|1=†''Eomanis waldi''
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}

== See also ==
* [[Mammal classification]]
* [[Eupholidota]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|2}}
* {{cite book |author1=Cox, Barry |author2=Savage, R. J. G. |author3=Gardiner, Brian |author4=Dixon, Dougal |year=1988 |title=Macmillan Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals |chapter=Insectivores and creodonts |publisher=Macmillan London Limited |isbn=0-333-48699-4 |url= |page=213}}


{{Portal|Paleontology}}
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
{{Pholidotamorpha}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q134513}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q134513}}


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[[Category:Eocene mammals]]
[[Category:Eocene mammals]]
[[Category:Myrmecophagous mammals]]
[[Category:Myrmecophagous mammals]]
[[Category:Prehistoric mammal genera]]
[[Category:Prehistoric placental genera]]
[[Category:Cenozoic mammals of Europe]]
[[Category:Cenozoic mammals of Europe]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1978]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1978]]

Latest revision as of 18:53, 30 December 2023

Eomanis
Temporal range: 47.8–46.3 Ma
↓
 Middle Eocene
Fossil of Eomanis waldi
Life reconstruction of
Eomanis waldi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Pholidota
Suborder: Eupholidota
Superfamily: †Eomanoidea
Gaudin, 2009[3]
Family: †Eomanidae
Storch, 2003[2]
Genus: †Eomanis
Storch, 1978[1]
Type species
†Eomanis waldi
Storch, 1978

Eomanis ("dawn pangolin") is the earliest known true (and scaled) pangolin from extinct family Eomanidae (and extinct superfamily Eomanoidea) within suborder Eupholidota. It lived during the Eocene in Europe.[4] Eomanis fossils found in the Messel Pit in Germany are very similar in size and anatomy to living pangolins of the genus Manis, indicating that pangolins have remained largely unchanged in morphology and behavior for 50 million years. However, unlike modern pangolins, its tail and legs did not bear scales.[citation needed] According to the stomach contents of the excellently preserved Messel specimens, Eomanis’ diet consisted of both insects and plants.

Another early mammal discovered in the Messel Pit that was similar in anatomy and likely also had an insectivorous diet was Eurotamandua.[5] Despite its name, Eurotamandua was almost certainly not a xenarthran because it lacked the characteristic xenarthran joints present in all living and extinct xenarthrans. In addition, xenarthrans existed exclusively in South America for almost the entire Cenozoic era. They spread to North America after the Panama land bridge formed 3 million years ago, but never reached Eurasia or Africa. Eurotamandua was likely also an early pangolin, possibly the ancestor of Eomanis.

Phylogeny

[edit]

Phylogenetic position of genus Eomanis within order Pholidota.[3][6]

 Ferae 

Pan-Carnivora

 Pholidotamorpha 

†Palaeanodonta

 Pholidota 

†Euromanis

 ? 

†Pholidota sp. (BC 16’08)

†Eurotamanduidae

 Eupholidota 

Manoidea

 †Eomanoidea 
 †Eomanidae 
 †Eomanis 

†Eomanis waldi

 sensu stricto 
 (Pholidota [sensu lato]) 

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gerhard Storch (1978) "Eomanis waldi, a pangolin from the Middle Eocene of the "Pit Messel" near Darmstadt (Mammalia: Pholidota)." Senckenbergiana lethaea 59 (4/6), pp. 503-529
  2. ^ Gerhard Storch (2003) "Fossil Old World "edentates" (Mammalia)." Senckenbergiana biologica 83 (1), pp. 51-60
  3. ^ a b Gaudin, Timothy (2009). "The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis" (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 16 (4). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media: 235–305. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. S2CID 1773698. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  4. ^ Cox, Barry; Savage, R. J. G.; Gardiner, Brian; Dixon, Dougal (1988). "Insectivores and creodonts". Macmillan Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. Macmillan London Limited. p. 213. ISBN 0-333-48699-4.
  5. ^ Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 209. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.
  6. ^ Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). "A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983–1001. Bibcode:2012JVPal..32..983K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86059673.
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