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{{Short description|British politician and field marshal}}
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[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] '''Lord Frederick Cavendish''' (August 1729 – 21 October 1803) was a [[British Army]] officer and [[British Whig Party|Whig]] politician. After serving as an [[aide-de-camp]] to the [[Prince William, Duke of Cumberland|Duke of Cumberland]] in [[Germany]] during the early stages of the [[Seven Years' War]], he served under [[Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough]] during in the [[raid on St Malo]] and then took part in the [[raid on Cherbourg]]. Cavendish commanded the rear-guard during the re-embarkation following the disastrous [[battle of Saint Cast]] and was taken prisoner. After his release, [[Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick]] gave him command of a brigade of [[chasseur]]s which he led to victory at the [[Battle of Wilhelmsthal]] in June 1762.
[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] '''Lord Frederick Cavendish''' (August 1729 – 21 October 1803) was a [[British Army]] officer and [[British Whig Party|Whig]] politician. After serving as an [[aide-de-camp]] to the [[Prince William, Duke of Cumberland|Duke of Cumberland]] in [[Germany]] during the early stages of the [[Seven Years' War]], he served under [[Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough]] in the [[raid on St Malo]] and then took part in the [[raid on Cherbourg]]. Cavendish commanded the rear-guard during the re-embarkation following the disastrous [[battle of Saint Cast]] and was taken prisoner. After his release, [[Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick]] gave him command of a brigade of [[chasseur]]s which he led to victory at the [[Battle of Wilhelmsthal]] in June 1762.


==Military career==
==Military career==
[[File:Bataille de Saint Cast 1758 par Ozanne.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Battle of St Cast during which Lord Frederick Cavendish was taken prisoner]]
[[File:Bataille de Saint Cast 1758 par Ozanne.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Battle of St Cast during which Lord Frederick Cavendish was taken prisoner]]
Born the son of [[William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire]] and Catherine Cavendish (née Hoskins), Cavendish was commissioned as an [[ensign (rank)|ensign]] in the [[Grenadier Guards|1st Regiment of Foot Guards]] on 29 April 1749.<ref name=odnb>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4931?docPos=1|title=Lord Frederick Cavendish|publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|accessdate=22 June 2014}}</ref> He entered politics as [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Derbyshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Derbyshire]] in 1751.<ref name=heath82>Heathcote, p. 82</ref> He was promoted to [[lieutenant]] in his regiment and [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the Army on 17 March 1752.<ref name=heath82/>
Born the son of [[William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire]] and [[Catherine Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|Catherine Cavendish]] (née Hoskins), Cavendish was commissioned as an [[ensign (rank)|ensign]] in the [[Grenadier Guards|1st Regiment of Foot Guards]] on 29 April 1749.<ref name=odnb>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4931?docPos=1|title=Lord Frederick Cavendish|publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|accessdate=22 June 2014}}</ref> He entered politics as [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Derbyshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Derbyshire]] in 1751.<ref name=heath82>Heathcote, p. 82</ref> He was promoted to [[lieutenant]] in the [[Coldstram Guards|2nd Regiment of Foot Guards]] and [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the Army on 17 March 1752.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mackinnon |first=Daniel |authorlink=Daniel Mackinnon |title=Origin and Services of the Coldstream Guards |volume=II |publisher=Richard Bentley |location=London |year=1833 |pages=486–487 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3WJCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA486}}</ref>


In 1754, Cavendish gave up the Derbyshire seat for his brother [[Lord George Cavendish (died 1794)|George]] and was returned to Parliament as Member for [[Derby (UK Parliament constituency)|Derby]] instead.<ref name=odnb/> He was seconded to the [[29th (Worcestershire) Regiment of Foot|29th Regiment of Foot]] as [[lieutenant-colonel]] and went to Ireland with his brother [[William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire|William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington]], newly made [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]], in 1755.<ref name=odnb/>
In 1754, Cavendish gave up the Derbyshire seat for his brother [[Lord George Cavendish (died 1794)|George]] and was returned to Parliament as Member for [[Derby (UK Parliament constituency)|Derby]] instead.<ref name=odnb/> He was seconded to the [[29th (Worcestershire) Regiment of Foot|29th Regiment of Foot]] as [[lieutenant-colonel]] and went to Ireland with his brother [[William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire|William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington]], newly made [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]], in 1755.<ref name=odnb/>


Cavendish was promoted to captain in the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards and lieutenant-colonel in the Army on 1 June 1756<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=9590|date=8 June 1756|page=2}}</ref> and served as an [[aide-de-camp]] to the [[Prince William, Duke of Cumberland|Duke of Cumberland]] in [[Germany]] in Summer 1757 during the early stages of the [[Seven Years' War]].<ref name=heath82/> Promoted to [[colonel]] on 7 May 1758 and appointed an aide-de-camp to [[George II of Great Britain|the King]] on 9 May 1758,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=9789|date=6 May 1758|page=2}}</ref> he served under [[Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough]] during in the [[raid on St Malo]] in June 1758 and then took part in the [[raid on Cherbourg]] in August 1758.<ref name=heath82/> He commanded the rear-guard during the re-embarkation following the disastrous [[battle of Saint Cast]] in September 1758 and, having been taken prisoner, gallantly offered to remain in captivity on the basis that he was a Member of Parliament. He was nevertheless released by the [[Emmanuel-Armand de Richelieu, duc d'Aiguillon|Duke of Aiguillon]] in an exchange for a French officer of equal rank in October 1758.<ref name=heath83>Heathcote, p. 83</ref>
Cavendish was promoted to captain in the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards and lieutenant-colonel in the Army on 1 June 1756<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=9590|date=8 June 1756|page=2}}</ref> and served as an [[aide-de-camp]] to the [[Prince William, Duke of Cumberland|Duke of Cumberland]] in [[Germany]] in Summer 1757 during the early stages of the [[Seven Years' War]].<ref name=heath82/> Promoted to [[colonel]] on 7 May 1758 and appointed an aide-de-camp to [[George II of Great Britain|the King]] on 9 May 1758,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=9789|date=6 May 1758|page=2}}</ref> he served under [[Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough]] during the [[raid on St Malo]] in June 1758 and then took part in the [[raid on Cherbourg]] in August 1758.<ref name=heath82/> He commanded the rear-guard during the re-embarkation following the disastrous [[battle of Saint Cast]] in September 1758 and, having been taken prisoner, gallantly offered to remain in captivity on the basis that he was a Member of Parliament. He was nevertheless released by the [[Emmanuel-Armand de Richelieu, duc d'Aiguillon|Duke of Aiguillon]] in an exchange for a French officer of equal rank in October 1758.<ref name=heath83>Heathcote, p. 83</ref>


Cavendish became colonel of the [[67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot|67th Regiment of Foot]] in October 1759 and colonel of the [[34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot|34th Regiment of Foot]] in October 1760.<ref name=heath83/> Promoted to [[major-general]] on 7 March 1761, he sailed for Germany where [[Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick]] gave him command of a brigade of [[chasseur]]s which he led to victory at the [[Battle of Wilhelmsthal]] in June 1762.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=10227|date=17 July 1762|page=1}}</ref> Part of his brigade was ambushed during the [[Siege of Cassel (1762)|Siege of Kassel]] in October 1762.<ref name=odnb/>
Cavendish became colonel of the [[67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot|67th Regiment of Foot]] in October 1759 and colonel of the [[34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot|34th Regiment of Foot]] in October 1760.<ref name=heath83/> Promoted to [[major-general]] on 7 March 1761, he sailed for Germany where [[Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick]] gave him command of a brigade of [[chasseur]]s which he led to victory at the [[Battle of Wilhelmsthal]] in June 1762.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=10227|date=17 July 1762|page=1}}</ref> Part of his brigade was ambushed during the [[Siege of Cassel (1762)|Siege of Kassel]] in October 1762.<ref name=odnb/>


[[File:Twickenham Park House.jpg|thumb|300px|Twickenham Park House]]
[[File:Twickenham Park House.jpg|thumb|300px|Twickenham Park House]]
Cavendish was promoted to [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|lieutenant-general]] on 30 April 1770, but owing to his sympathies, took no part in the [[American Revolution]].<ref name=heath83/> In 1780, he retired from Parliament and his seat was taken by his nephew [[George Cavendish, 1st Earl of Burlington|Lord George Cavendish]]. He was promoted to full [[general]] on 20 November 1782<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=12391|date=23 September 1782|page=1}}</ref> and to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|field marshal]] on 30 July 1796.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=13918|date=2 August 1796|page=743}}</ref>
Cavendish was promoted to [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|lieutenant-general]] on 30 April 1770, but owing to his sympathies, took no part in the [[American Revolution]].<ref name=heath83/> In 1780, he retired from Parliament and his seat was taken by his nephew [[George Cavendish, 1st Earl of Burlington|Lord George Cavendish]]. He was promoted to full [[general]] on 20 November 1782<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=12391|date=23 September 1782|page=1}}</ref> and to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|field marshal]] on 30 July 1796.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=13918|date=2 August 1796|page=743}}</ref>


He died at his home, [[Twickenham Park]], on 21 October 1803 and was buried in the family vault at [[Derby Cathedral]].<ref name=odnb/> He left most of his property to his nephew, [[George Augustus Henry Cavendish, 1st Earl of Burlington|Lord George Cavendish]], later 1st Earl of Burlington.<ref name=odnb/>
He died at his home, [[Twickenham Park]], on 21 October 1803 and was buried in the family vault at [[Derby Cathedral]].<ref name=odnb/> He left most of his property to his nephew, [[George Augustus Henry Cavendish, 1st Earl of Burlington|Lord George Cavendish]], later 1st Earl of Burlington.<ref name=odnb/>
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[[Category:67th Regiment of Foot officers]]
[[Category:34th Regiment of Foot officers]]
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[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for constituencies in Derbyshire]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Derbyshire]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Derby]]
[[Category:British MPs 1747–1754]]
[[Category:British MPs 1747–1754]]
[[Category:British MPs 1754–1761]]
[[Category:British MPs 1754–1761]]

Latest revision as of 22:52, 30 December 2023

Lord Frederick Cavendish
BornAugust 1729
Died21 October 1803 (aged 74)
Twickenham Park, Middlesex
Buried
Derby Cathedral
AllegianceUnited Kingdom United Kingdom
Service / branch British Army
Years of service1749–1803
RankField Marshal
CommandsBrigade of chasseurs
Battles / warsSeven Years' War

Field Marshal Lord Frederick Cavendish (August 1729 – 21 October 1803) was a British Army officer and Whig politician. After serving as an aide-de-camp to the Duke of Cumberland in Germany during the early stages of the Seven Years' War, he served under Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough in the raid on St Malo and then took part in the raid on Cherbourg. Cavendish commanded the rear-guard during the re-embarkation following the disastrous battle of Saint Cast and was taken prisoner. After his release, Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick gave him command of a brigade of chasseurs which he led to victory at the Battle of Wilhelmsthal in June 1762.

Military career

[edit]
Battle of St Cast during which Lord Frederick Cavendish was taken prisoner

Born the son of William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire and Catherine Cavendish (née Hoskins), Cavendish was commissioned as an ensign in the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards on 29 April 1749.[1] He entered politics as Member of Parliament for Derbyshire in 1751.[2] He was promoted to lieutenant in the 2nd Regiment of Foot Guards and captain in the Army on 17 March 1752.[3]

In 1754, Cavendish gave up the Derbyshire seat for his brother George and was returned to Parliament as Member for Derby instead.[1] He was seconded to the 29th Regiment of Foot as lieutenant-colonel and went to Ireland with his brother William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington, newly made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in 1755.[1]

Cavendish was promoted to captain in the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards and lieutenant-colonel in the Army on 1 June 1756[4] and served as an aide-de-camp to the Duke of Cumberland in Germany in Summer 1757 during the early stages of the Seven Years' War.[2] Promoted to colonel on 7 May 1758 and appointed an aide-de-camp to the King on 9 May 1758,[5] he served under Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough during the raid on St Malo in June 1758 and then took part in the raid on Cherbourg in August 1758.[2] He commanded the rear-guard during the re-embarkation following the disastrous battle of Saint Cast in September 1758 and, having been taken prisoner, gallantly offered to remain in captivity on the basis that he was a Member of Parliament. He was nevertheless released by the Duke of Aiguillon in an exchange for a French officer of equal rank in October 1758.[6]

Cavendish became colonel of the 67th Regiment of Foot in October 1759 and colonel of the 34th Regiment of Foot in October 1760.[6] Promoted to major-general on 7 March 1761, he sailed for Germany where Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick gave him command of a brigade of chasseurs which he led to victory at the Battle of Wilhelmsthal in June 1762.[7] Part of his brigade was ambushed during the Siege of Kassel in October 1762.[1]

Twickenham Park House

Cavendish was promoted to lieutenant-general on 30 April 1770, but owing to his sympathies, took no part in the American Revolution.[6] In 1780, he retired from Parliament and his seat was taken by his nephew Lord George Cavendish. He was promoted to full general on 20 November 1782[8] and to field marshal on 30 July 1796.[9]

He died at his home, Twickenham Park, on 21 October 1803 and was buried in the family vault at Derby Cathedral.[1] He left most of his property to his nephew, Lord George Cavendish, later 1st Earl of Burlington.[1]

Family

[edit]

Cavendish never married and he had no children.[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Lord Frederick Cavendish". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  2. ^ a b c Heathcote, p. 82
  3. ^ Mackinnon, Daniel (1833). Origin and Services of the Coldstream Guards. Vol. II. London: Richard Bentley. pp. 486–487.
  4. ^ "No. 9590". The London Gazette. 8 June 1756. p. 2.
  5. ^ "No. 9789". The London Gazette. 6 May 1758. p. 2.
  6. ^ a b c d Heathcote, p. 83
  7. ^ "No. 10227". The London Gazette. 17 July 1762. p. 1.
  8. ^ "No. 12391". The London Gazette. 23 September 1782. p. 1.
  9. ^ "No. 13918". The London Gazette. 2 August 1796. p. 743.

Sources

[edit]
  • Heathcote, Tony (1999). The British Field Marshals, 1736–1997: A Biographical Dictionary. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. ISBN 0-85052-696-5.
[edit]
Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Derbyshire
1751–1754
With: Sir Nathaniel Curzon, 4th Bt 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Derby
1754–1780
With: George Venables-Vernon 1754–62
William Fitzherbert 1762–72
Wenman Coke 1772–75
John Gisborne 1775–76
Daniel Parker Coke 1776–1780 		Succeeded by
Military offices
Preceded by Colonel of the 67th Regiment of Foot
1759–1760 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Colonel of the 34th Regiment of Foot
1760–1797 		Succeeded by
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