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{{Short description|American shipping magnate and politician}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = <small>[[The Honourable]]</small><br />
| honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| name = Samuel Gardner Wilder
| name = Samuel Gardner Wilder
| honorific-suffix =
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Samuel Gardner Wilder.jpg
| image = Samuel Gardner Wilder, daguerreotype.png
| imagesize = 190px
| imagesize = 200px
| caption =
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| order =
| order =
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| term_end = August 14, 1880
| term_end = August 14, 1880
| predecessor = [[John Mott-Smith]]
| predecessor = [[John Mott-Smith]]
| successor = [[John Edward Bush]]
| successor = [[John E. Bush (Hawaii politician)|John Edward Bush]]
| monarch = [[Kalākaua]]
| monarch = [[Kalākaua]]
| primeminister =
| primeminister =
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}}


'''Samuel Gardner Wilder''' (1831–1888) was an American [[shipping magnate]] and politician who developed a major transportation company in the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]].
'''Samuel Gardner Wilder''' (June 20, 1831 &ndash; July 28, 1888) was an American [[shipping magnate]] and politician who developed a major transportation company in the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]].


==Life==
==Life==
Samuel Gardner Wilder was born June 20, 1831 in [[Leominster, Massachusetts]].
Samuel Gardner Wilder was born June 20, 1831, in [[Leominster, Massachusetts]].
His father was William Chauncey Wilder (1804–1858) and mother was Harriet Waters (died 1850). They moved to [[Canada]] for a few years, and then to New York in 1840, and [[Chicago]] in 1844. Part of the [[California Gold Rush]], the family moved west in 1852. He worked for the [[Adams Express Company]] which allowed him to travel to and from the coast of [[California]].
His father was William Chauncey Wilder (1804–1858) and mother was Harriet Waters (died 1850). They moved to [[Canada]] for a few years, and then to New York in 1840, and [[Chicago]] in 1844. Part of the [[California Gold Rush]], the family moved west in 1852. He worked for the [[Adams Express Company]] which allowed him to travel to and from the coast of [[California]].
His first visit to the Hawaiian Islands was in 1856.
His first visit to the Hawaiian Islands was in 1856.
He married Elizabeth Kinaʻu Judd (1831–1918), daughter of missionary doctor and politician [[Gerrit P. Judd]] September 29, 1857 in [[Honolulu]].<ref>{{Hawaiian Dictionaries |Oahu marriage record record (1832–1910) |q="Samuel G. Wilder" |dic=gene |id=D09-000112 |accessdate=September 20, 2010 }}</ref>
He married Elizabeth Kinaʻu Judd (1831–1918), daughter of missionary doctor and politician [[Gerrit P. Judd]] September 29, 1857 in [[Honolulu]].<ref>{{Hawaiian Dictionaries |Oahu marriage record (1832–1910) |q="Samuel G. Wilder" |dic=gene |id=D09-000112 |accessdate=September 20, 2010 }}</ref>
She was namesake of the [[native Hawaiian]] civil leader [[Kaahumanu II|Elizabeth Kīna{{okina}}u]], who was daughter of [[Kamehameha I]].
She was namesake of the [[native Hawaiian]] civil leader [[Kaahumanu II|Elizabeth Kīna{{okina}}u]], who was daughter of [[Kamehameha I]].


===Business===
===Business===
[[Image:Jarvis Island Guano Tramway.jpg|upright|thumb|alt=trail on barren island|Wilder shipped [[guano]] from [[Jarvis Island]]]]
[[File:Jarvis Island Guano Tramway.jpg|upright|thumb|alt=trail on barren island|Wilder shipped [[guano]] from [[Jarvis Island]]]]
[[Image:Wilder & Company ad 1880.jpg|thumb|alt=ad for lumber, coal, and steamship service|Wilder company advertisement from 1880]]
[[File:Wilder & Company ad 1880.jpg|thumb|alt=ad for lumber, coal, and steamship service|Wilder company advertisement from 1880]]
Wilder chartered the clipper ship ''White Swallow'' and returned in 1858. He took a load of [[guano]] (bird excrement used as fertilizer) from [[Jarvis Island]] to [[New York]],<ref name="obit"/> which served as the couple's [[honeymoon]] voyage.<ref>{{cite book |author=William Andrew Emerson |title=Leominster, Massachusetts, historical and picturesque |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xoNN1ge_tQoC&pg=PA185 |year=1888 |publisher=The Lithotype publishing company |pages=185–187}}</ref>
Wilder chartered the clipper ship ''White Swallow'' and returned in 1858. He took a load of [[guano]] (bird excrement used as fertilizer) from [[Jarvis Island]] to New York City,<ref name="obit"/> which served as the couple's [[honeymoon]] voyage.<ref>{{cite book |author=William Andrew Emerson |title=Leominster, Massachusetts, historical and picturesque |url=https://archive.org/details/leominstermassa00emergoog |year=1888 |publisher=The Lithotype publishing company |pages=[https://archive.org/details/leominstermassa00emergoog/page/n253 185]–187}}</ref>
He then started a sugar plantation with his father-in-law (now the [[Kualoa Ranch]]) in 1864.<ref>{{Hawaiian Dictionaries |Wilder |dic=hpn |id= HASHc8dd830d5823d8e4ea7f6c |accessdate= September 20, 2010 }}</ref>
He then started a [[sugarcane]] [[Sugar plantations in Hawaii|plantation]] with his father-in-law (now the [[Kualoa Ranch]]) in 1864.<ref>{{Hawaiian Dictionaries |Wilder |dic=hpn |id= HASHc8dd830d5823d8e4ea7f6c |accessdate= September 20, 2010 }}</ref>
He sent for his brother, William Chauncey Wilder (1835–1901)<ref>{{cite news |title= Honors to the Dead: great Gathering at Funeral of W. C. Wilder |newspaper= The Hawaiian Gazette |date= July 16, 1901 |page= 6 |url= http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025121/1901-07-16/ed-1/seq-6/ |accessdate= July 21, 2010 }}</ref> who had served in the cavalry in the [[American Civil War]]. The plantation failed by 1868 and William returned to [[Geneva, Illinois]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Hon William C. Wilder |work= Paradise of the Pacific |page= 179 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=G_3kAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA179 }}</ref>
He sent for his brother, William Chauncey Wilder (1835–1901)<ref>{{cite news |title= Honors to the Dead: great Gathering at Funeral of W. C. Wilder |newspaper= The Hawaiian Gazette |date= July 16, 1901 |page= 6 |url= http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025121/1901-07-16/ed-1/seq-6/ |access-date= July 21, 2010 }}</ref> who had served in the cavalry in the [[American Civil War]]. The plantation failed by 1868 and William returned to [[Geneva, Illinois]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Hon William C. Wilder |work= Paradise of the Pacific |year= 1893 |page= 179 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=G_3kAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA179 }}</ref>
In 1870 other sugar planters had Wilder sent to [[China]] to bring back low-cost workers. He encountered resistance from the British administration in [[Hong Kong]], and only 188 Chinese came as a result.<ref name="kingdom2">{{cite book |title=Hawaiian Kingdom 1854-1874, twenty critical years |author= [[Ralph Simpson Kuykendall]] |url= http://www.ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?c=kingdom2&l=en |volume=2 |publisher= University of Hawaii Press |year= 1953 |isbn= 978-0-87022-432-4 |page= 184}}</ref>
In 1870 other sugar planters had Wilder sent to China to bring back low-cost workers. He encountered resistance from the British administration in Hong Kong, and only 188 Chinese came as a result.<ref name="kingdom2">{{cite book |title=Hawaiian Kingdom 1854-1874, twenty critical years |author= Ralph Simpson Kuykendall |url= http://www.ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?c=kingdom2&l=en |volume=2 |publisher= University of Hawaii Press |year= 1953 |isbn= 978-0-87022-432-4 |page= 184|author-link= Ralph Simpson Kuykendall }}</ref>


In 1871 he took over the lumber business of James I. Dowsett.
In 1871 he took over the lumber business of James I. Dowsett.
He also became agent for the government-owned [[steamship]] ''Kilauea'', named for [[Kīlauea]] volcano, which ran passenger service between the islands. In 1872 with C. H. Lewers, he established Wilder & Company for the shipping and related businesses.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Samuel Gardner Wilder |title= The Story of Hawaii and Its Builders |year=1925 |publisher= [[Honolulu Star Bulletin]] |editor= George F. Nellist |url= http://files.usgwarchives.net/hi/statewide/bios/wilder65bs.txt }}</ref>
He also became agent for the government-owned [[steamship]] ''Kilauea'', named for [[Kīlauea]] volcano, which ran passenger service between the islands. In 1872 with C. H. Lewers, he established Wilder & Company for the shipping and related businesses.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Samuel Gardner Wilder |title= The Story of Hawaii and Its Builders |year=1925 |publisher= [[Honolulu Star Bulletin]] |editor= George F. Nellist |chapter-url= http://files.usgwarchives.net/hi/statewide/bios/wilder65bs.txt }}</ref>
In 1873 his brother William brought out his wife and family to help in the shipping business. After the [[reciprocity Treaty of 1875]], the sugar business boomed, and created demand to use steamships to move the raw sugar to the [[port of Honolulu]] where it was taken to the sugar refinery in California owned by [[Claus Spreckles]], who invested in Wilder's company.
In 1873 his brother William brought out his wife and family to help in the shipping business. After the [[reciprocity Treaty of 1875]], the sugar business boomed, and created demand to use steamships to move the raw sugar to the [[port of Honolulu]] where it was taken to the sugar refinery in California owned by [[Claus Spreckels]], who invested in Wilder's company.


In 1877 the government ordered a second steamer ''Likelike'' (named for Princess [[Likelike]]) from [[San Francisco]]. After one voyage, the government promptly sold it to Wilder. The ''Likelike'' was about 50% larger than the aged ''Kilauea'', which needed frequent repairs.<ref>{{cite news |title= Pioneer Hawaiian Steamers, 1852-1877 |author= John Haskell Kemble |page= |work= Annual Report |publisher= Hawaiian Historical Society |year= |url= http://hdl.handle.net/10524/78 }}</ref> Part of his agreement was to carry the mail on his ships.<ref>{{cite web |title= Inter-Island Mail Routes |work= Post Office in Paradise web site |url= http://www.hawaiianstamps.com/interroutes.html |accessdate= July 21, 2010 }}</ref>
In 1877 the government ordered a second steamer ''Likelike'' (named for Princess [[Likelike]]) from [[San Francisco]]. After one voyage, the government promptly sold it to Wilder. The ''Likelike'' was about 50% larger than the aged ''Kilauea'', which needed frequent repairs.<ref>{{cite news |title= Pioneer Hawaiian Steamers, 1852-1877 |author= John Haskell Kemble |work= Annual Report |publisher= Hawaiian Historical Society |hdl= 10524/78}}</ref> Part of his agreement was to carry the mail on his ships.<ref>{{cite web |title= Inter-Island Mail Routes |work= Post Office in Paradise web site |url= http://www.hawaiianstamps.com/interroutes.html |access-date= July 21, 2010 }}</ref>


Over time more ships were added to his fleet, and railroads built to meet the ports. The [[Hawaiian Railroad]] was constructed from 1881 to 1883.<ref>{{cite book |author1=J. C. Condé |title=Narrow gauge in a kingdom: the Hawaiian Railroad Company, 1878-1897 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=btFdAAAAIAAJ |year=1971 |publisher=Glenwood Publishers}}</ref>
Over time more ships were added to his fleet, and railroads built to meet the ports. The [[Hawaiian Railroad]] was constructed from 1881 to 1883.<ref>{{cite book |author1=J. C. Condé |title=Narrow gauge in a kingdom: the Hawaiian Railroad Company, 1878-1897 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=btFdAAAAIAAJ |year=1971 |publisher=Glenwood Publishers|isbn=9780911760101 }}</ref>
It ran from plantations in the [[Kohala, Hawaii|Kohala district]] of the [[Hawaii (island)|island of Hawai{{okina}}i]] to a harbor he built at [[Mahukona, Hawaii|Māhukona]].<ref>{{Hawaiian Dictionaries |Mahukona |dic=cl |accessdate= September 20, 2010 }}</ref>
It ran from plantations in the [[Kohala, Hawaii|Kohala district]] of the [[Hawaii (island)|island of Hawai{{okina}}i]] to a harbor he built at [[Mahukona, Hawaii|Māhukona]].<ref>{{Hawaiian Dictionaries |Mahukona |dic=cl |accessdate= September 20, 2010 }}</ref>
The company was incorporated as Wilder Steamship Company in 1883.<ref>{{cite book |author= J. A. kennedy |publisher=Chamber of Commerce of Honolulu |title=Annual report |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0wQXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA119 |year=1910 |chapter= Inter-Island Transportation in Hawaii |pages=119–120}}</ref>
The company was incorporated as Wilder Steamship Company in 1883.<ref>{{cite book |author= J. A. kennedy |publisher=Chamber of Commerce of Honolulu |title=Annual report |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wQXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA119 |year=1910 |chapter= Inter-Island Transportation in Hawaii |pages=119–120}}</ref>


===Politics===
===Politics===
In 1868 Wilder was elected to the House of Representatives of the [[legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom]]. In 1874 King [[Lunalilo]] appointed him to the to the upper House of Nobles of the legislature. Lunalilo died after reigning only one year, so the first job of the 1874 legislature was to elect a new king; Wilder was selected to count and announce the votes.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://hdl.handle.net/10524/112 |title= King is Elected: One Hundred Years Ago |work= Hawaiian Journal of History |publisher=Hawaii Historical Society |volume=8 |author= Jean Dabagh |year= 1974 |page= |accessdate= July 24, 2010 }}</ref> Wilder used his steamer to campaign for David [[Kalākaua]], who won the election in the Legislative Assembly (and subsequently rewarded Wilder with honors), even though [[Queen Emma of Hawaii|Queen Emma]] was more popular with the people.
In 1868, Wilder was elected to the House of Representatives of the [[legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom]]. In 1874, King [[Lunalilo]] appointed him to the upper House of Nobles of the legislature. Lunalilo died after reigning only one year, so the first job of the 1874 legislature was to elect a new king; Wilder was selected to count and announce the votes.<ref>{{cite news |hdl= 10524/112 |title= King is Elected: One Hundred Years Ago |work= Hawaiian Journal of History |publisher=Hawaii Historical Society |volume=8 |author= Jean Dabagh |year= 1974 }}</ref> Wilder used his steamer to campaign for David [[Kalākaua]], who won the election in the Legislative Assembly (and subsequently rewarded Wilder with honors), even though [[Queen Emma of Hawaii|Queen Emma]] was more popular with the people.
In 1878 Wilder established the first telephone line on Oahu, from his government office to his lumber business.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/advanced-search |title= Some Transportation and Communication Firsts in Hawaii |work= Hawaiian Journal of History |publisher=Hawaii Historical Society |volume= 13 |author= Robert C. Schmitt |year= 1979 |page= 111 |accessdate= July 22, 2010 }}</ref>
In 1878, Wilder established the first telephone line on Oahu, from his government office to his lumber business.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/advanced-search |title= Some Transportation and Communication Firsts in Hawaii |work= Hawaiian Journal of History |publisher=Hawaii Historical Society |volume= 13 |author= Robert C. Schmitt |year= 1979 |page= 111 |access-date= July 22, 2010 }}</ref>


Wilder was awarded the [[Royal Order of Kalākaua]] and Royal Order of the Crown of Hawaii.
Wilder was awarded the [[Royal Order of Kalākaua]] and Royal Order of the Crown of Hawaii.
On July 3, 1878 Kalākaua appointed him minister of the interior.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://archives1.dags.hawaii.gov/gsdl/collect/governme/index/assoc/HASH01ea/2bc932c1.dir/Wilder,%20Samuel%20G%20Sr.jpg |title= Wilder, Samuel G. Sr. office record |work=state archives digital collections |publisher=state of Hawaii |accessdate= July 21, 2010 }}</ref>
On July 3, 1878, Kalākaua appointed him minister of the interior.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://archives1.dags.hawaii.gov/gsdl/collect/governme/index/assoc/HASH01ea/2bc932c1.dir/Wilder,%20Samuel%20G%20Sr.jpg |title= Wilder, Samuel G. Sr. office record |work=state archives digital collections |publisher=state of Hawaii |access-date= July 21, 2010 }}</ref>
He was considered the most powerful member of what was then called the "Wilder Cabinet". Although concerned with efficiency in administration and reducing government debt instead of ideology, one of his projects was to lay the cornerstone of a new royal residence, [[ʻIolani Palace]].<ref name="kingdom3">{{cite book |title=Hawaiian Kingdom 1874-1893, the Kalakaua Dynasty |author= [[Ralph Simpson Kuykendall]] |url= http://www.ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?c=kingdom3&l=en |volume=3 |publisher= University of Hawaii Press |year= 1967 |isbn= 9780870224331 }}</ref>{{rp|204}}
He was considered the most powerful member of what was then called the "Wilder Cabinet". Although concerned with efficiency in administration and reducing government debt instead of ideology, one of his projects was to lay the cornerstone of a new royal residence, [[ʻIolani Palace]].<ref name="kingdom3">{{cite book |title=Hawaiian Kingdom 1874-1893, the Kalakaua Dynasty |author= Ralph Simpson Kuykendall |url= http://www.ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?c=kingdom3&l=en |volume=3 |publisher= University of Hawaii Press |year= 1967 |isbn= 978-0-87022-433-1 |author-link= Ralph Simpson Kuykendall }}</ref>{{rp|204}}
On August 14, 1880, the king replaced all his ministers with a controversial and short-lived cabinet headed by [[Celso Caesar Moreno]] with [[John Edward Bush]] in the interior post.<ref name="kingdom3"/>{{rp|214}}
On August 14, 1880, the king replaced all his ministers with a controversial and short-lived cabinet headed by [[Celso Caesar Moreno]] with [[John E. Bush (Hawaii politician)|John Edward Bush]] in the interior post.<ref name="kingdom3"/>{{rp|214}}


In 1887 Wilder was elected president of the legislature, although he would leave shortly. In [[Washington, DC]] he met with diplomat [[Henry A. P. Carter]] (who had married Wilder's wife's sister) and US Secretary of State [[Thomas F. Bayard]]. Wilder said he supported the monarchy, but was not sure it would last long, and that the US should negotiate for annexation.<ref name="kingdom3"/>{{rp|418}}
In 1887, Wilder was elected president of the legislature, although he would leave shortly. In [[Washington, D.C.]], he met with diplomat [[Henry A. P. Carter]] (who had married Wilder's wife's sister) and US Secretary of State [[Thomas F. Bayard]]. Wilder said he supported the monarchy, but was not sure it would last long, and that the US should negotiate for annexation.<ref name="kingdom3"/>{{rp|418}}
He traveled to [[London]] to raise money for a railroad venture from [[Hilo]] to the [[Hamakua|Hāmākua District]] of [[Hawaii (island)|Hawai{{okina}}i island]]. However, news of the political crisis leading up to the [[1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii|Bayonet Constitution]] discouraged investors. The new constitution made the upper house elective for the first time, and he won the 1888 election.
He traveled to [[London]] to raise money for a railroad venture from [[Hilo]] to the [[Hamakua|Hāmākua District]] of [[Hawaii (island)|Hawai{{okina}}i island]]. However, news of the political crisis leading up to the [[1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii|Bayonet Constitution]] discouraged investors. The new constitution made the upper house elective for the first time, and he won the 1888 election.
He died July 28, 1888. He was buried in [[Oahu Cemetery]].<ref name="obit">{{cite news |title= The Late Hon. S. G. Wilder: Close of a Busy and Useful Life—Some of the Leading Events in Mr. Wilder's Career—The Funeral |newspaper= The Hawaiian Gazette |date= July 31, 1888 |page= 6 |url= http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025121/1888-07-31/ed-1/seq-6/ |accessdate= July 21, 2010 }}</ref>
He died July 28, 1888. He was buried in [[Oahu Cemetery]].<ref name="obit">{{cite news |title= The Late Hon. S. G. Wilder: Close of a Busy and Useful Life—Some of the Leading Events in Mr. Wilder's Career—The Funeral |newspaper= The Hawaiian Gazette |date= July 31, 1888 |page= 6 |url= http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025121/1888-07-31/ed-1/seq-6/ |access-date= July 21, 2010 }}</ref>


===Legacy===
===Legacy===
[[Image:Mahukona railroad.jpg|thumb|alt=steam train on wood trestle|[[Hawaiian Railroad]] operated 1882–1943]]
[[File:Mahukona railroad.jpg|thumb|alt=steam train on wood trestle|[[Hawaiian Railroad]] operated 1882–1943]]
The Wilders' children were:<ref>{{cite book |title= A record of the descendants of Dr. Gerrit P. Judd of Hawaii, March 8, 1829, to April 16, 1922 |date= July 1922 |editors= [[George R. Carter]] and Mary H. Hopkins |url= http://www.archive.org/details/recordofdescenda00cart |publisher= Hawaiian Historical Society }}</ref>
The Wilders' children were:<ref>{{cite book |title= A record of the descendants of Dr. Gerrit P. Judd of Hawaii, March 8, 1829, to April 16, 1922 |date= July 1922 |editor1= [[George R. Carter]] |editor2=Mary H. Hopkins |url= https://archive.org/details/recordofdescenda00cart |publisher= Hawaiian Historical Society }}</ref>


#William Chauncey Wilder was born May 12, 1859 and died August 21, 1868.
#William Chauncey Wilder was born May 12, 1859, and died August 21, 1868.
#Laura Reed Wilder was born October 17, 1861. On December 27, 1881 she married Charles Leslie Wight in [[Boston]] and had five children.
#Laura Reed Wilder was born October 17, 1861. On December 27, 1881, she married Charles Leslie Wight in [[Boston]] and had five children.
#Gerrit Parmele Wilder was born November 5, 1863. He married Lillian Kimball at [[Mills College]] in [[California]] on November 7, 1887. After a few years in the family business, he became a [[horticulturalist]] in 1898, going on expeditions and publishing several books on plants of the Pacific. He died September 28, 1935.<ref>{{cite web |title= Who was GP Wilder? |publisher= [[University of Hawaii]] department of Botany |url= http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/BOT%20DEPT%20DOCS/Additional%20Wilder%20files/Who%20was%20GP%20Wilder.htm |accessdate= July 21, 2010 }}</ref>
#Gerrit Parmele Wilder was born November 5, 1863. He married Lillian Kimball at [[Mills College]] in [[California]] on November 7, 1887. After a few years in the family business, he became a [[horticulturalist]] in 1898, going on expeditions and publishing several books on plants of the Pacific. He died September 28, 1935.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who was GP Wilder? |publisher=[[University of Hawaii]] department of Botany |url=http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/BOT%20DEPT%20DOCS/Additional%20Wilder%20files/Who%20was%20GP%20Wilder.htm |access-date=July 21, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611081748/http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/BOT%20DEPT%20DOCS/Additional%20Wilder%20files/Who%20was%20GP%20Wilder.htm |archive-date=June 11, 2011 }}</ref>
#Samuel Gardner Wilder was born January 12, 1866. He married Molly Alatau Atkinson on July 20, 1896 and had four children. One of them was also named Samuel Gardner Wilder, born August 8, 1898.
#Samuel Gardner Wilder was born January 12, 1866. He married Molly Alatau Atkinson on July 20, 1896, and had four children. One of them was also named Samuel Gardner Wilder, born August 8, 1898.
#James Austin "Kimo" Wilder was born May 22, 1868. He married Sarah Harnden on September 12, 1899 at [[Alameda, California]] and had two children. He attended [[Harvard University]] and [[Harvard Law School]] in 1893–1896. He became an artist and founded the first [[Boy Scouts of America|Boy Scout]] troop in Hawaii<ref>{{cite web |title= James Austin Wilder |author= Winston R. Davis |year=2005 |url= http://www.seascout.org/about/wilder.html |publisher= Sea Scouts · Boy Scouts of America |accessdate= July 21, 2010 }}</ref> with [[D. Howard Hitchcock]], another artist who married Wilder's cousin.<ref>{{cite book |title= Men of Hawaii: being a biographical reference library, complete and authentic, of the men of note and substantial achievement in the Hawaiian Islands |publisher= [[Honolulu Star-Bulletin]] |year=1921 |editor=John William Siddall |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=4o8DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA425 |page= 425 }}</ref> He wrote and played a scoutmaster in the 1917 film ''Knights of the Square Table''.<ref>{{imdb name|0928583|name= James A. Wilder}}</ref> His daughter Kinaʻu Wilder (1902–1992) married [[Charles B. McVay III]] and had son [[Kimo Wilder McVay]] (1927–2001), who managed [[Don Ho]] when he popularized the song ''[[Tiny Bubbles]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kimo McVay, Hawaii's Mr. Show Biz |author= John Berger |newspaper= [[Honolulu Star Bulletin]] |date= June 30, 2001 |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2001/06/30/news/story11.html |accessdate= July 21, 2010 }}</ref>
#[[James A. Wilder|James Austin "Kimo" Wilder]] was born May 22, 1868. He married Sarah Harnden on September 12, 1899, at [[Alameda, California]] and had two children. He attended [[Harvard University]] and [[Harvard Law School]] in 1893–1896. He became an artist and founded the first [[Boy Scouts of America|Boy Scout]] troop in Hawaii<ref>{{cite web |title= James Austin Wilder |author= Winston R. Davis |year=2005 |url= http://www.seascout.org/about/wilder.html |publisher= Sea Scouts · Boy Scouts of America |access-date= July 21, 2010 }}</ref> with [[D. Howard Hitchcock]], another artist who married Wilder's cousin.<ref>{{cite book |title= Men of Hawaii: being a biographical reference library, complete and authentic, of the men of note and substantial achievement in the Hawaiian Islands |publisher= [[Honolulu Star-Bulletin]] |year=1921 |editor=John William Siddall |url= https://archive.org/details/menhawaiibeinga01siddgoog |page= [https://archive.org/details/menhawaiibeinga01siddgoog/page/n438 425] }}</ref> He wrote and played a scoutmaster in the 1917 film ''Knights of the Square Table''.<ref>{{IMDb name|0928583|name= James A. Wilder}}</ref> His daughter Kinaʻu Wilder (1902–1992) married [[Charles B. McVay III]] and had son [[Kimo Wilder McVay]] (1927–2001), who managed [[Don Ho]] when he popularized the song ''[[Tiny Bubbles]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kimo McVay, Hawaii's Mr. Show Biz |author= John Berger |newspaper= [[Honolulu Star Bulletin]] |date= June 30, 2001 |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2001/06/30/news/story11.html |access-date= July 21, 2010 }}</ref>
#Helen Kinaʻu Wilder was born November 27, 1869 and married Horace Joseph Craft on May 16, 1899, but they divorced in 1903. She helped re-establish the [[Hawaiian Humane Society]] in 1897.<ref>{{cite web |title= E Komo Mai! — Hawaiian Humane Society |work= official web site |publisher= [[Hawaiian Humane Society]] |url= http://www.hawaiianhumane.org/ |accessdate= July 23, 2010 }}</ref>
#Helen Kinaʻu Wilder was born November 27, 1869, and married Horace Joseph Craft on May 16, 1899, but they divorced in 1903. She helped re-establish the [[Hawaiian Humane Society]] in 1897.<ref>{{cite web |title= E Komo Mai! — Hawaiian Humane Society |work= official web site |publisher= [[Hawaiian Humane Society]] |url= http://www.hawaiianhumane.org/ |access-date= July 23, 2010 }}</ref>


{{Big Five Hawaii}}
{{Big Five Hawaii}}
Another younger brother, John Knight Wilder (1833–1905) came out to Hawaii, as well as two younger sisters. On May 17, 1864, John married Caroline Crowningburg,<ref>{{Hawaiian Dictionaries | Maui marriage record record (1842–1910) |q= Wilder, John |dic=gene |id=D05-000131 |accessdate= September 20, 2010 }}</ref> who was related to royalty of [[Maui]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?e=d-0sohr-000Sec--11en&a=d&d=D0.4.55&toc=0 |title= Lydia Keomailani Called Home to Marry Prince |work= The Story of Hawaiian Royalty |date= November 4, 1955 |accessdate= July 21, 2010 }}</ref> Sister Mary Caroline Wilder (1836–1915) married P. P. Shepard. In 1870, sister Harriet Emily Wilder (1842–1904) married Joseph Platt Cooke (1869–1904), great-grandson of [[Joseph Platt Cooke]] (1730–1816) and son of [[Castle & Cooke]] founder [[Amos Starr Cooke]] (1810–1871). Their son, also named Joseph Platt Cooke (1870–1918), married Maud Mansfield Baldwin (1872–1961), daughter of [[Henry Perrine Baldwin]], co-founder of [[Alexander & Baldwin]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Hawaiian Historical Society Genealogical Committee |work= Series Number 2 |title=A Genealogy of the Wilder family of Hawaii |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=81phH8Jnu0kC&pg=PA7 |year=1916 |publisher=Paradise of the Pacific Press |pages=1–7}}</ref>
Another younger brother, John Knight Wilder (1833–1905) came out to Hawaii, as well as two younger sisters. On May 17, 1864, John married Caroline Crowningburg,<ref>{{Hawaiian Dictionaries | Maui marriage record (1842–1910) |q= Wilder, John |dic=gene |id=D05-000131 |accessdate= September 20, 2010 }}</ref> who was related to royalty of [[Maui]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?e=d-0sohr-000Sec--11en&a=d&d=D0.4.55&toc=0 |title= Lydia Keomailani Called Home to Marry Prince |work= The Story of Hawaiian Royalty |date= November 4, 1955 |access-date= July 21, 2010 }}</ref> Sister Mary Caroline Wilder (1836–1915) married P. P. Shepard. In 1870, sister Harriet Emily Wilder (1842–1904) married Joseph Platt Cooke (1869–1904), great-grandson of [[Joseph Platt Cooke]] (1730–1816) and son of [[Castle & Cooke]] founder [[Amos Starr Cooke]] (1810–1871). Their son, also named Joseph Platt Cooke (1870–1918), married Maud Mansfield Baldwin (1872–1961), daughter of [[Henry Perrine Baldwin]], co-founder of [[Alexander & Baldwin]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Hawaiian Historical Society Genealogical Committee |volume= Series Number 2 |title=A Genealogy of the Wilder family of Hawaii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=81phH8Jnu0kC&pg=PA7 |year=1916 |publisher=Paradise of the Pacific Press |pages=1–7}}</ref>
This connected the extended family to several of the "[[Big Five (Hawaii)|Big Five]]" corporations that dominated the economy of the [[Territory of Hawaii]] in the 20th century. His sister-in-law's son [[George R. Carter]] (1866–1933) was the second [[Governor of Hawaii|Territorial Governor]].
This connected the extended family to several of the "[[Big Five (Hawaii)|Big Five]]" corporations that dominated the economy of the [[Territory of Hawaii]] in the 20th century. His sister-in-law's son [[George R. Carter]] (1866–1933) was the second [[Governor of Hawaii|Territorial Governor]].


The Wilder Steamship Company merged into the [[Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company]] in 1905. The company started the first scheduled commercial airplane service in 1929 as Inter-Island Airways, and became [[Hawaiian Airlines]] in 1941.<ref>{{cite web |title= Hawaiian Airlines 75 Years of Service - Timeline |work= official web site |publisher= [[Hawaiian Airlines]] |url= http://www.hawaiianair.com/Aboutus/Pages/timeline.aspx |accessdate= July 21, 2010 }}</ref>
The Wilder Steamship Company merged into the [[Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company]] in 1905. The company started the first scheduled commercial airplane service in 1929 as Inter-Island Airways, and became [[Hawaiian Airlines]] in 1941.<ref>{{cite web |title= Hawaiian Airlines 75 Years of Service - Timeline |work= official web site |publisher= [[Hawaiian Airlines]] |url= http://www.hawaiianair.com/Aboutus/Pages/timeline.aspx |access-date= July 21, 2010 |archive-date= March 6, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120306172128/http://www.hawaiianair.com/Aboutus/Pages/timeline.aspx |url-status= dead }}</ref>


[[James A. King]], who started as master of Wilder's ships and became superintendent of the Wilder shipping business, named a son [[Samuel Wilder King]], who became [[Governor of Hawaii|Governor of the Territory of Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Howard Brett Melendy |author2=Rhoda Armstrong Hackler |title=Hawaii, America's sugar territory, 1898-1959 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lhRzAAAAMAAJ |date=May 1999 |publisher=Edwin Mellen Press |isbn=9780773479982}}</ref>
[[James A. King]], who started as master of Wilder's ships and became superintendent of the Wilder shipping business, named a son [[Samuel Wilder King]], who became [[Governor of Hawaii|Governor of the Territory of Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Howard Brett Melendy |author2=Rhoda Armstrong Hackler |title=Hawaii, America's sugar territory, 1898-1959 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lhRzAAAAMAAJ |date=May 1999 |publisher=Edwin Mellen Press |isbn=978-0-7734-7998-2}}</ref>
Wilder Avenue which runs past the [[Punahou School]] at {{coord |21|18|10|N| 157|49|56|W|type:landmark_region:US-HI |display=inline |name= Wilder Avenue }} in the [[Makiki]] neighborhood of Honolulu was named for him.<ref>{{Hawaiian Dictionaries |Wilder |dic=pp |accessdate= September 21, 2010 }}</ref>
Wilder Avenue which runs past the [[Punahou School]] at {{coord |21|18|10|N| 157|49|56|W|type:landmark_region:US-HI |display=inline |name= Wilder Avenue }} in the [[Makiki]] neighborhood of Honolulu was named for him.<ref>{{Hawaiian Dictionaries |Wilder |dic=pp |accessdate= September 21, 2010 }}</ref>


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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |author=Mifflin Thomas |title=Schooner from windward: two centuries of Hawaiian interisland shipping |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vC0vAAAAMAAJ |date=October 1983 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=9780824807993}}
* {{cite book |author=Mifflin Thomas |title=Schooner from windward: two centuries of Hawaiian interisland shipping |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vC0vAAAAMAAJ |date=October 1983 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-0799-3}}
* {{cite book |author=Elizabeth Leslie Wight |title=The memoirs of Elizabeth Kinau Wilder |year=1909 |publisher=Pacific Press}}
* {{cite book |author=Elizabeth Leslie Wight |title=The memoirs of Elizabeth Kinau Wilder |year=1909 |publisher=Pacific Press}}
* {{cite book |author=Kinau Wilder |title=The Wilders of Waikiki |year=1978 |publisher=Topgallant Publishing Company |isbn= 9780914916284 }}
* {{cite book |author=Kinau Wilder |title=The Wilders of Waikiki |year=1978 |publisher=Topgallant Publishing Company |isbn= 978-0-914916-28-4 }}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{cite web |title= S.S. Kinau landing passengers, Mahukona, Hawaii |author= [[Thomas A. Edison]], Inc. |work= US Library of Congress |url= http://lccn.loc.gov/88706685 |year= 1906 |accessdate= July 26, 2010}}
* {{cite web |title= S.S. Kinau landing passengers, Mahukona, Hawaii |author= [[Thomas A. Edison]], Inc. |work= US Library of Congress |url= http://lccn.loc.gov/88706685 |year= 1906 |access-date= July 26, 2010}}
* {{cite web |title= Arrival, Mahukona Express, Kohala, Hawaii |author= [[Thomas A. Edison]], Inc. |work= US Library of Congress |url= http://lccn.loc.gov/88706726 |year= 1906 |accessdate= July 26, 2010}}
* {{cite web |title= Arrival, Mahukona Express, Kohala, Hawaii |author= [[Thomas A. Edison]], Inc. |work= US Library of Congress |url= http://lccn.loc.gov/88706726 |year= 1906 |access-date= July 26, 2010}}
* {{cite web |title= Minor light of Hawai'i - Mahukona, HI |work= Lighthouse friends web site |url= http://www.lighthousefriends.com/light.asp?ID=902 |accessdate= July 26, 2010}}
* {{cite web |title= Minor light of Hawai'i - Mahukona, HI |work= Lighthouse friends web site |url= http://www.lighthousefriends.com/light.asp?ID=902 |access-date= July 26, 2010}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box| title= [[Kingdom of Hawaii]] Minister of Interior| before= [[John Mott-Smith]]| after= [[John Edward Bush]] | years= 1878–1880 }}
{{succession box| title= [[Kingdom of Hawaii]] Minister of Interior| before= [[John Mott-Smith]]| after= [[John E. Bush (Hawaii politician)|John Edward Bush]] | years= 1878–1880 }}
{{end}}
{{end}}


{{Hawaiian Ministers of the Interior}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->

| NAME =Wilder, Samuel Gardner
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilder, Samuel Gardner}}
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =June 20, 1831
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Leominster, Massachusetts|Leominster]], [[Massachusetts]], [[United States]]
| DATE OF DEATH =July 28, 1888
| PLACE OF DEATH =[[Honolulu, Hawaii|Honolulu]], [[Oahu]], [[Kingdom of Hawaii]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilder, Samuel Gardner }}
[[Category:1831 births]]
[[Category:1831 births]]
[[Category:1888 deaths]]
[[Category:1888 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:People from Leominster, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Hawaii]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Hawaii]]
[[Category:Hawaiian Kingdom politicians]]
[[Category:Hawaiian Kingdom politicians]]
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[[Category:Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Nobles]]
[[Category:Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Nobles]]
[[Category:Hawaiian Kingdom Interior Ministers]]
[[Category:Hawaiian Kingdom Interior Ministers]]
[[Category:Jarvis Island]]
[[Category:19th-century American businesspeople]]

Latest revision as of 02:36, 1 January 2024

The Honourable
Samuel Gardner Wilder
Minister of Interior
In office
July 3, 1878 – August 14, 1880
MonarchKalākaua
Preceded byJohn Mott-Smith
Succeeded byJohn Edward Bush
Personal details
Born(1831-06-20)June 20, 1831
Leominster, Massachusetts, United States
DiedJuly 28, 1888(1888-07-28) (aged 57)
Honolulu, Oahu, Kingdom of Hawaii
NationalityKingdom of Hawaii
United States
SpouseElizabeth Kinaʻu Judd
Children6
OccupationShipping business
Signature

Samuel Gardner Wilder (June 20, 1831 – July 28, 1888) was an American shipping magnate and politician who developed a major transportation company in the Kingdom of Hawaii.

Life

[edit]

Samuel Gardner Wilder was born June 20, 1831, in Leominster, Massachusetts. His father was William Chauncey Wilder (1804–1858) and mother was Harriet Waters (died 1850). They moved to Canada for a few years, and then to New York in 1840, and Chicago in 1844. Part of the California Gold Rush, the family moved west in 1852. He worked for the Adams Express Company which allowed him to travel to and from the coast of California. His first visit to the Hawaiian Islands was in 1856. He married Elizabeth Kinaʻu Judd (1831–1918), daughter of missionary doctor and politician Gerrit P. Judd September 29, 1857 in Honolulu.[1] She was namesake of the native Hawaiian civil leader Elizabeth Kīnaʻu, who was daughter of Kamehameha I.

Business

[edit]
trail on barren island
Wilder shipped guano from Jarvis Island
ad for lumber, coal, and steamship service
Wilder company advertisement from 1880

Wilder chartered the clipper ship White Swallow and returned in 1858. He took a load of guano (bird excrement used as fertilizer) from Jarvis Island to New York City,[2] which served as the couple's honeymoon voyage.[3] He then started a sugarcane plantation with his father-in-law (now the Kualoa Ranch) in 1864.[4] He sent for his brother, William Chauncey Wilder (1835–1901)[5] who had served in the cavalry in the American Civil War. The plantation failed by 1868 and William returned to Geneva, Illinois.[6] In 1870 other sugar planters had Wilder sent to China to bring back low-cost workers. He encountered resistance from the British administration in Hong Kong, and only 188 Chinese came as a result.[7]

In 1871 he took over the lumber business of James I. Dowsett. He also became agent for the government-owned steamship Kilauea, named for Kīlauea volcano, which ran passenger service between the islands. In 1872 with C. H. Lewers, he established Wilder & Company for the shipping and related businesses.[8] In 1873 his brother William brought out his wife and family to help in the shipping business. After the reciprocity Treaty of 1875, the sugar business boomed, and created demand to use steamships to move the raw sugar to the port of Honolulu where it was taken to the sugar refinery in California owned by Claus Spreckels, who invested in Wilder's company.

In 1877 the government ordered a second steamer Likelike (named for Princess Likelike) from San Francisco. After one voyage, the government promptly sold it to Wilder. The Likelike was about 50% larger than the aged Kilauea, which needed frequent repairs.[9] Part of his agreement was to carry the mail on his ships.[10]

Over time more ships were added to his fleet, and railroads built to meet the ports. The Hawaiian Railroad was constructed from 1881 to 1883.[11] It ran from plantations in the Kohala district of the island of Hawaiʻi to a harbor he built at Māhukona.[12] The company was incorporated as Wilder Steamship Company in 1883.[13]

Politics

[edit]

In 1868, Wilder was elected to the House of Representatives of the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom. In 1874, King Lunalilo appointed him to the upper House of Nobles of the legislature. Lunalilo died after reigning only one year, so the first job of the 1874 legislature was to elect a new king; Wilder was selected to count and announce the votes.[14] Wilder used his steamer to campaign for David Kalākaua, who won the election in the Legislative Assembly (and subsequently rewarded Wilder with honors), even though Queen Emma was more popular with the people. In 1878, Wilder established the first telephone line on Oahu, from his government office to his lumber business.[15]

Wilder was awarded the Royal Order of Kalākaua and Royal Order of the Crown of Hawaii. On July 3, 1878, Kalākaua appointed him minister of the interior.[16] He was considered the most powerful member of what was then called the "Wilder Cabinet". Although concerned with efficiency in administration and reducing government debt instead of ideology, one of his projects was to lay the cornerstone of a new royal residence, ʻIolani Palace.[17]: 204  On August 14, 1880, the king replaced all his ministers with a controversial and short-lived cabinet headed by Celso Caesar Moreno with John Edward Bush in the interior post.[17]: 214 

In 1887, Wilder was elected president of the legislature, although he would leave shortly. In Washington, D.C., he met with diplomat Henry A. P. Carter (who had married Wilder's wife's sister) and US Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard. Wilder said he supported the monarchy, but was not sure it would last long, and that the US should negotiate for annexation.[17]: 418  He traveled to London to raise money for a railroad venture from Hilo to the Hāmākua District of Hawaiʻi island. However, news of the political crisis leading up to the Bayonet Constitution discouraged investors. The new constitution made the upper house elective for the first time, and he won the 1888 election. He died July 28, 1888. He was buried in Oahu Cemetery.[2]

Legacy

[edit]
steam train on wood trestle
Hawaiian Railroad operated 1882–1943

The Wilders' children were:[18]

  1. William Chauncey Wilder was born May 12, 1859, and died August 21, 1868.
  2. Laura Reed Wilder was born October 17, 1861. On December 27, 1881, she married Charles Leslie Wight in Boston and had five children.
  3. Gerrit Parmele Wilder was born November 5, 1863. He married Lillian Kimball at Mills College in California on November 7, 1887. After a few years in the family business, he became a horticulturalist in 1898, going on expeditions and publishing several books on plants of the Pacific. He died September 28, 1935.[19]
  4. Samuel Gardner Wilder was born January 12, 1866. He married Molly Alatau Atkinson on July 20, 1896, and had four children. One of them was also named Samuel Gardner Wilder, born August 8, 1898.
  5. James Austin "Kimo" Wilder was born May 22, 1868. He married Sarah Harnden on September 12, 1899, at Alameda, California and had two children. He attended Harvard University and Harvard Law School in 1893–1896. He became an artist and founded the first Boy Scout troop in Hawaii[20] with D. Howard Hitchcock, another artist who married Wilder's cousin.[21] He wrote and played a scoutmaster in the 1917 film Knights of the Square Table.[22] His daughter Kinaʻu Wilder (1902–1992) married Charles B. McVay III and had son Kimo Wilder McVay (1927–2001), who managed Don Ho when he popularized the song Tiny Bubbles.[23]
  6. Helen Kinaʻu Wilder was born November 27, 1869, and married Horace Joseph Craft on May 16, 1899, but they divorced in 1903. She helped re-establish the Hawaiian Humane Society in 1897.[24]
Hawaii's Big Five

Another younger brother, John Knight Wilder (1833–1905) came out to Hawaii, as well as two younger sisters. On May 17, 1864, John married Caroline Crowningburg,[25] who was related to royalty of Maui.[26] Sister Mary Caroline Wilder (1836–1915) married P. P. Shepard. In 1870, sister Harriet Emily Wilder (1842–1904) married Joseph Platt Cooke (1869–1904), great-grandson of Joseph Platt Cooke (1730–1816) and son of Castle & Cooke founder Amos Starr Cooke (1810–1871). Their son, also named Joseph Platt Cooke (1870–1918), married Maud Mansfield Baldwin (1872–1961), daughter of Henry Perrine Baldwin, co-founder of Alexander & Baldwin.[27] This connected the extended family to several of the "Big Five" corporations that dominated the economy of the Territory of Hawaii in the 20th century. His sister-in-law's son George R. Carter (1866–1933) was the second Territorial Governor.

The Wilder Steamship Company merged into the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company in 1905. The company started the first scheduled commercial airplane service in 1929 as Inter-Island Airways, and became Hawaiian Airlines in 1941.[28]

James A. King, who started as master of Wilder's ships and became superintendent of the Wilder shipping business, named a son Samuel Wilder King, who became Governor of the Territory of Hawaii.[29] Wilder Avenue which runs past the Punahou School at 21°18′10″N 157°49′56″W / 21.30278°N 157.83222°W / 21.30278; -157.83222 (Wilder Avenue) in the Makiki neighborhood of Honolulu was named for him.[30]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hawaiʻi State Archives (2006). "Oahu marriage record (1832–1910)". Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
  2. ^ a b "The Late Hon. S. G. Wilder: Close of a Busy and Useful Life—Some of the Leading Events in Mr. Wilder's Career—The Funeral". The Hawaiian Gazette. July 31, 1888. p. 6. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  3. ^ William Andrew Emerson (1888). Leominster, Massachusetts, historical and picturesque. The Lithotype publishing company. pp. 185–187.
  4. ^ Lloyd J. Soehren (2010). "lookup of Wilder ". in Hawaiian Place Names. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
  5. ^ "Honors to the Dead: great Gathering at Funeral of W. C. Wilder". The Hawaiian Gazette. July 16, 1901. p. 6. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  6. ^ "Hon William C. Wilder". Paradise of the Pacific. 1893. p. 179.
  7. ^ Ralph Simpson Kuykendall (1953). Hawaiian Kingdom 1854-1874, twenty critical years. Vol. 2. University of Hawaii Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-87022-432-4.
  8. ^ George F. Nellist, ed. (1925). "Samuel Gardner Wilder". The Story of Hawaii and Its Builders. Honolulu Star Bulletin.
  9. ^ John Haskell Kemble. "Pioneer Hawaiian Steamers, 1852-1877". Annual Report. Hawaiian Historical Society. hdl:10524/78.
  10. ^ "Inter-Island Mail Routes". Post Office in Paradise web site. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  11. ^ J. C. Condé (1971). Narrow gauge in a kingdom: the Hawaiian Railroad Company, 1878-1897. Glenwood Publishers. ISBN 9780911760101.
  12. ^ John R. K. Clark (2004). "lookup of Mahukona ". in Hawai'i Place Names: Shores, Beaches, and Surf Sites. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii Press. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
  13. ^ J. A. kennedy (1910). "Inter-Island Transportation in Hawaii". Annual report. Chamber of Commerce of Honolulu. pp. 119–120.
  14. ^ Jean Dabagh (1974). "King is Elected: One Hundred Years Ago". Hawaiian Journal of History. Vol. 8. Hawaii Historical Society. hdl:10524/112.
  15. ^ Robert C. Schmitt (1979). "Some Transportation and Communication Firsts in Hawaii". Hawaiian Journal of History. Vol. 13. Hawaii Historical Society. p. 111. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
  16. ^ "Wilder, Samuel G. Sr. office record". state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  17. ^ a b c Ralph Simpson Kuykendall (1967). Hawaiian Kingdom 1874-1893, the Kalakaua Dynasty. Vol. 3. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-87022-433-1.
  18. ^ George R. Carter; Mary H. Hopkins, eds. (July 1922). A record of the descendants of Dr. Gerrit P. Judd of Hawaii, March 8, 1829, to April 16, 1922. Hawaiian Historical Society.
  19. ^ "Who was GP Wilder?". University of Hawaii department of Botany. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  20. ^ Winston R. Davis (2005). "James Austin Wilder". Sea Scouts · Boy Scouts of America. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  21. ^ John William Siddall, ed. (1921). Men of Hawaii: being a biographical reference library, complete and authentic, of the men of note and substantial achievement in the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu Star-Bulletin. p. 425.
  22. ^ James A. Wilder at IMDb
  23. ^ John Berger (June 30, 2001). "Kimo McVay, Hawaii's Mr. Show Biz". Honolulu Star Bulletin. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  24. ^ "E Komo Mai! — Hawaiian Humane Society". official web site. Hawaiian Humane Society. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
  25. ^ Hawaiʻi State Archives (2006). "Maui marriage record (1842–1910)". Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
  26. ^ "Lydia Keomailani Called Home to Marry Prince". The Story of Hawaiian Royalty. November 4, 1955. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  27. ^ Hawaiian Historical Society Genealogical Committee (1916). A Genealogy of the Wilder family of Hawaii. Vol. Series Number 2. Paradise of the Pacific Press. pp. 1–7.
  28. ^ "Hawaiian Airlines 75 Years of Service - Timeline". official web site. Hawaiian Airlines. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  29. ^ Howard Brett Melendy; Rhoda Armstrong Hackler (May 1999). Hawaii, America's sugar territory, 1898-1959. Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 978-0-7734-7998-2.
  30. ^ Mary Kawena Pukui; Samuel Hoyt Elbert; Esther T. Mookini (2004). "lookup of Wilder ". in Place Names of Hawai'i. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii Press. Retrieved September 21, 2010.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Government offices
Preceded by Kingdom of Hawaii Minister of Interior
1878–1880 		Succeeded by
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