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Importing Wikidata short description: "14th century inscription found in Sumatra, Indonesia"
 
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{{Short description|14th century inscription found in Sumatra, Indonesia}}
'''Lubuk Layang inscription''', also known as '''Kubu Sutan inscription''', is an [[inscription]] found in 1970 in Kubu Sutan, Lubuk Layang, Rao Selatan district, [[Pasaman Regency]], of [[West Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]].<ref name="Abidin">{{cite book
'''Lubuk Layang inscription''', also known as '''Kubu Sutan inscription''', is an [[inscription]] found in 1970 in Kubu Sutan, Lubuk Layang, Rao Selatan district, [[Pasaman Regency]], of [[West Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]].<ref name="Abidin">{{cite book
| title = Ensiklopedi Minangkabau
| title = Ensiklopedi Minangkabau
| first = Mas'oed | last = Abidin
| first = Mas'oed | last = Abidin
| url = https://books.google.com/books?hl=id&id=VJFuAAAAMAAJ&dq=prasasti+lubuk+layang&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=lubuk+layang
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VJFuAAAAMAAJ&q=lubuk+layang
| page = 90
| page = 90
| publisher = Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Minangkabau | year = 2005
| publisher = Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Minangkabau | year = 2005
| ISBN = 9789793797236
| isbn = 978-979-3797-23-6
| language = id
| language = id
}}</ref><ref name="Kozok"/>
}}</ref><ref name="Kozok"/>
Line 15: Line 16:
| publisher = Minangkabau Arkeologia
| publisher = Minangkabau Arkeologia
| date = 25 September 2013
| date = 25 September 2013
| accessdate = 2 September 2016
| access-date = 2 September 2016
| language = id
| language = id
}}</ref> It is 85 cm tall on the non-submerged side, and 43 cm on the immersed side, with 42 cm wide and 18 cm thick.<ref name="Chandra"/> The writing is on both front and back sides,<ref name="Abidin"/><ref name="Bunga rampai"/> the front contains 9 lines and the back contains 7 or 8 lines,<ref name="Bunga rampai">{{cite book
}}</ref> It is 85&nbsp;cm tall on the non-submerged side, and 43&nbsp;cm on the immersed side, with 42&nbsp;cm wide and 18&nbsp;cm thick.<ref name="Chandra"/> The writing is on both front and back sides,<ref name="Abidin"/><ref name="Bunga rampai"/> the front contains 9 lines and the back contains 7 or 8 lines,<ref name="Bunga rampai">{{cite book
| title = Bunga rampai pengetahuan adat Minangkabau
| title = Bunga rampai pengetahuan adat Minangkabau
⚫
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YNNuAAAAMAAJ&q=prasasti+lubuk+layang
| authors = Kontributor Lembaga Kerapatan Adat Alam Minangkabau Sumatra Barat
⚫
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YNNuAAAAMAAJ&q=prasasti+lubuk+layang&dq=prasasti+lubuk+layang&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjAl8KRoPDOAhUJMo8KHdmvA2kQ6AEIKDAD
| page = 172
| page = 172
| publisher = Yayasan Sako Batuah | year = 2000
| publisher = Yayasan Sako Batuah | year = 2000
Line 28: Line 28:
| title = A 14th Century Malay Code of Laws: The Nitisarasamuccaya
| title = A 14th Century Malay Code of Laws: The Nitisarasamuccaya
| first = Uli | last = Kozok
| first = Uli | last = Kozok
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=35lqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA381&dq=prasasti+lubuk+layang&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjAl8KRoPDOAhUJMo8KHdmvA2kQuwUIIjAB#v=onepage&q=lubuk%20layang&f=false
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=35lqBgAAQBAJ&q=lubuk+layang&pg=PA381
| page = 39, 325-326
| pages = 39, 325–326
| others = Vol. 16 dari Nalanda-Sriwijaya Series
| others = Vol. 16 dari Nalanda-Sriwijaya Series
| publisher = Institute of Southeast Asian Studies | year = 2015
| publisher = Institute of Southeast Asian Studies | year = 2015
| isbn = 978-981-4459-74-7
| id = ISBN 9814459747, 9789814459747
}}</ref> Much of the writing is difficult to read because it is already worn out.[3] The inscription is not dated, but [[paleography|paleographically]] it is viewed to be from the reign of King [[Adityawarman]].<ref name="Kozok"/>
}}</ref> Much of the writing is difficult to read because it is already worn out.<ref name="Chandra"/> The inscription is not dated, but [[paleography|paleographically]] it is viewed to be from the reign of King [[Adityawarman]] (14th century CE).<ref name="Kozok"/>


The content of this inscription mentions a vice king/crown prince ([[Sanskrit]]: ''[[yuvraj|yauwaraja]]'') named [[Bijayendrawarman]], who made a stupa in a place called Parwatapuri.<ref name="Kozok" /> This suggests the possibility of a government system similar to that of [[Majapahit]] at that time, in which younger children of a king were sent to the borders to become local rulers.<ref name="Kozok" />
The content of this inscription mentions a vice king/crown prince ([[Sanskrit]]: ''[[Yuvaraja|yuwaraja]]'') named [[Bijayendrawarman]], who made a temple (''[[stupa]]'') in a place called Parwatapuri.<ref name="Kozok" /> This suggests the possibility of a government system similar to that of [[Majapahit]] at that time, in which younger children of a king were sent to the borders to become local rulers.<ref name="Kozok" />


== Text ==
== Text ==
Text of the inscription as read by [[Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis|de Casparis]], as follows:<ref>Kozok, Uli (2016). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-hxqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT286&lpg=PT286&dq=kubu+sutan&source=bl&ots=gb40XbQzmh&sig=cTY_NB1lZ3AxHWS9u1gvPVrBo0o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxsM7J4dDfAhWHXSsKHd-DAEwQ6AEwCnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=kubu%20sutan&f=false 14th Century Malay Code of Laws:: The Nitisarasamuccaya]''. Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. ISBN 9814620491, 9789814620499.</ref>
Text of the inscription as read by [[Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis|de Casparis]], as follows:<ref>Kozok, Uli (2016). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-hxqDwAAQBAJ&dq=kubu+sutan&pg=PT286 14th Century Malay Code of Laws:: The Nitisarasamuccaya]''. Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. {{ISBN|981-4620-49-1}}, 9789814620499.</ref>


'''A.''' (front side)
'''A.''' (front side)
# ''. . . śrī /
# ''. . . śrī /''
# ''pūrṇṇa .. nira
# ''pūrṇṇa .. nira''
# ''......surimadana
# ''......surimadana''
# ''dhr . . iḥ // O // O //
# ''dhr . . iḥ // O // O //''
# ''_______ amarawijaya yauwāsutajata
# ''_______ amarawijaya yauwāsutajata''
# ''tendrawarma . satatawibhawa pujāpa-
# ''tendrawarma . satatawibhawa pujāpa-''
# ''/ dhid. . itatārasadawaca ti
# ''/ dhid. . itatārasadawaca ti''
# ''/ ṛṣ a[r.ārsa]-bhakti di mātapitāra sakala
# ''/ ṛṣ a[r.ārsa]-bhakti di mātapitāra sakala''
# ''/ prāptiswastha śanta . . tan''
# ''/ prāptiswastha śanta . . tan''


'''B.''' (back side)
'''B.''' (back side)
# ''sugatayawāta /
# ''sugatayawāta /''
# ''nṛpati Bijayawarmma
# ''nṛpati Bijayawarmma''
# ''namokṣam // O // O //
# ''namokṣam // O // O //''
# ''srī yauwarāja Bijayendrasekhara
# ''srī yauwarāja Bijayendrasekhara''
# ''. . kṛtya . astu paripūrṇṇasobhitā / ku
# ''. . kṛtya . astu paripūrṇṇasobhitā / ku''
# ''na pamuja di pitāmahā darādi
# ''na pamuja di pitāmahā darādi''
# ''srī Indrakīlaparwwatapurī // O //''
# ''srī Indrakīlaparwwatapurī // O //''


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== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Inscriptions in Indonesia]]
[[Category:14th-century inscriptions]]
[[Category:History of West Sumatra]]

Latest revision as of 09:01, 1 January 2024

Lubuk Layang inscription, also known as Kubu Sutan inscription, is an inscription found in 1970 in Kubu Sutan, Lubuk Layang, Rao Selatan district, Pasaman Regency, of West Sumatra, Indonesia.[1][2]

The inscription is carved into a sloping sandstone, partially submerged in the ground.[3] It is 85 cm tall on the non-submerged side, and 43 cm on the immersed side, with 42 cm wide and 18 cm thick.[3] The writing is on both front and back sides,[1][4] the front contains 9 lines and the back contains 7 or 8 lines,[4] and written in a mixed language of Old Malay and Old Javanese.[2] Much of the writing is difficult to read because it is already worn out.[3] The inscription is not dated, but paleographically it is viewed to be from the reign of King Adityawarman (14th century CE).[2]

The content of this inscription mentions a vice king/crown prince (Sanskrit: yuwaraja) named Bijayendrawarman, who made a temple (stupa) in a place called Parwatapuri.[2] This suggests the possibility of a government system similar to that of Majapahit at that time, in which younger children of a king were sent to the borders to become local rulers.[2]

Text

[edit]

Text of the inscription as read by de Casparis, as follows:[5]

A. (front side)

  1. . . . śrī /
  2. pūrṇṇa .. nira
  3. ......surimadana
  4. dhr . . iḥ // O // O //
  5. _______ amarawijaya yauwāsutajata
  6. tendrawarma . satatawibhawa pujāpa-
  7. / dhid. . itatārasadawaca ti
  8. / ṛṣ a[r.ārsa]-bhakti di mātapitāra sakala
  9. / prāptiswastha śanta . . tan

B. (back side)

  1. sugatayawāta /
  2. nṛpati Bijayawarmma
  3. namokṣam // O // O //
  4. srī yauwarāja Bijayendrasekhara
  5. . . kṛtya . astu paripūrṇṇasobhitā / ku
  6. na pamuja di pitāmahā darādi
  7. srī Indrakīlaparwwatapurī // O //

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Abidin, Mas'oed (2005). Ensiklopedi Minangkabau (in Indonesian). Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Minangkabau. p. 90. ISBN 978-979-3797-23-6.
  2. ^ a b c d e Kozok, Uli (2015). A 14th Century Malay Code of Laws: The Nitisarasamuccaya. Vol. 16 dari Nalanda-Sriwijaya Series. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 39, 325–326. ISBN 978-981-4459-74-7.
  3. ^ a b c Chandra, Dodi (25 September 2013). "Prasasti Lubuk Layang, Pasaman" (in Indonesian). Minangkabau Arkeologia. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  4. ^ a b Bunga rampai pengetahuan adat Minangkabau (in Indonesian). Padang: Yayasan Sako Batuah. 2000. p. 172.
  5. ^ Kozok, Uli (2016). 14th Century Malay Code of Laws:: The Nitisarasamuccaya. Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. ISBN 981-4620-49-1, 9789814620499.
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