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{{Short description|Subfamily of flies}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic Taxobox
| color = pink
| name = Tachiniscinae
| taxon = Tachiniscinae
| image =
| diversity_link =
⚫
| diversity = 8 genera, 18 species
| image_caption =
| authority= Kertész, 1903
| image_width = 250px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropoda]]
| classis = [[Insecta]]
| ordo = [[Diptera]]
| subordo = [[Brachycera]]
| familia = [[Tephritidae]]
| subfamilia = '''Tachiniscinae'''
| tribus = '''Ortalotrypetini'''
| range_map =
| range_map_width = 250px
| diversity_link = Tachiniscinae
⚫
| diversity = 5 genera
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
see text.
}}
}}


The '''Tachiniscinae''' are a [[subfamily]] of the fruit fly family [[Tephritidae]].
The '''Tachiniscinae''' are a [[subfamily]] of the fruit fly family [[Tephritidae]]. They are treated by some authorities as a separate family, '''Tachiniscidae'''. An undetermined species of the genus ''Tachiniscidia'' has been reared from [[Saturniidae]] caterpillars in [[Nigeria]].


The family Tachiniscidae was established by Kertész<ref name="kert1903">{{cite journal |author=Kertész, K.|title=Eine neue Familie der acalyptraten Musciden |journal=Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici |volume=1 |pages=355–358 & plate 15|year=1903}}</ref> for a single species, ''Tachinisca cyaneiventris'' Kertész, 1903 from Peru and Bolivia. Kertész correctly placed that family in the “Muscidae acalyptratae”, in spite of its tachinid-like appearance. In the same year, Bischof <ref name="bish1903">{{cite journal |author=Bischof, J.|title= Neue Dipteren aus Afrika |journal= Wiener Entomologische Zeitung |volume=22 |pages=41–42|year=1903 |doi=10.5962/bhl.part.9735|url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/9735 }}</ref> described another genus, ''Bibundia'', with a single species, ''B. hermanni'' Bischof (from Central Africa), which he assigned to “Ortalidae”. Malloch <ref name="mall1931">{{cite journal |author=Malloch, J. R. |title=Exotic Muscaridae (Diptera) — XXXII |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=314–340 |year=1931 |doi=10.1080/00222933108673319}}</ref> described one more monotypic tachiniscid genus, ''Tachiniscidia'', with the type species ''T. africana'' Malloch from “Chirinda Forest, S. Rhodesia” (Zimbabwe).
==Genera==
⚫
All five genera are placed in the [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] Ortalotrypetini.


The only host data recorded for these three genera, or any other Tachiniscinae, is the mention of “''Anthophasia robertsi'' Cogan” (nomen nudum; listed by Cogan <ref name="coga1980">{{cite book |last=Cogan |first=B.H. |chapter=Family Tachiniscidae |editor-last=Crosskey |editor-first=R.W. |title=Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region |publisher=British Museum (Natural History) |issue=821 |isbn=0565008218 |pages=555|year=1980}}</ref> as an undescribed species of ''Bibundia'') reared from pupae of ''Bunaea alcinoe'' Stoll and ''Imbrasia obscura'' Butler ([[Lepidoptera]]: [[Saturniidae]]) by Roberts (1969). The exact identity of the host species needs further investigation, as Cogan (1980: 555) stated that “A single specimen of a Bibundia species has been reared by Roberts (1969) from a caterpillar of a saturniid moth, ''Imbrasia nictitans'' Fabricius” (=''Imbrasia epimethea'' Drury).
⚫
* ''[[Cyaforma]]''
⚫
* ''[[Ischyropteron]]''
⚫
* ''[[Neortalotrypeta]]''
⚫
* ''[[Ortalotrypeta]]''
⚫
* ''[[Protortalotrypeta]]''


The genera and species currently placed in the tribe Ortalotrypetini were originally assigned to the family Tephritidae, and generally fit its diagnosis well. Hendel (1927) established the genus ''Ortalotrypeta'' with two species from China (Sichuan), ''O. gigas'' Hendel and ''O. idana'' Hendel, which he considered related to ''Acanthonevra'' Macquart and allied genera of fruit flies. Later, eight additional species from southeastern China and northern Vietnam. The genus ''Cyaphorma'' Wang 1989, very close to ''Ortalotrypeta'', was described from China (Wang, 1989). Ito (1983) established the tribe Ortalotrypetini in his key to genera of Japanese Tephritidae. He included the single genus ''Ortalotrypeta'' to separate it from genera of the tribe Acanthonevrini. The tribe was preliminarily revised by Norrbom.<ref name="norr1994">{{cite journal |author=Norrbom, L. A. |title=New genera of Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil and Dominican Amber, with phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Ortalotrypetini |journal= Insecta Mundi |pages=1–15 |volume=8 |issue=1–2 |year=1994 |url=http://journals.fcla.edu/mundi/article/view/24745}}</ref>
⚫
[[Category:Tephritidae]]

McAlpine (1989) presumed that the Tachiniscidae could be a sister-group of [[Pyrgotidae]] based only on their parasitic larval habits.

Korneyev <ref name="korn1999a">{{cite book |last=Korneyev |first=V.A. |chapter=Phylogenetic relationships among higher groups of the superfamily Tephritoidea |editor-first=Martin |editor-last=Aluja |editor-first2=Allen |editor-last2=Norrbom |title=Fruit Flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wfeCUROC1ZkC&pg=PA3 |date=1999 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-8493-1275-5 |pages=3–22}}</ref> hypothesized that the highly specialized structure of female [[ovipositor]] as a [[synapomorphy]] of Ortalotrypetini and Tachiniscidae and joined them as a subfamily Tachiniscinae in the family [[Tephritidae]], as the [[sister group]] to other tephritid taxa. Korneyev & Norrbom<ref name="kornor2006">{{cite journal |author1=Korneyev, V. A. |author2=Norrbom, A. L. |name-list-style=amp |title=Genera of the subfamily Tachiniscinae (Diptera, Tephritidae), with discussion of the Position of Descoleia Aczél and Nosferatumyia, gen. n. (Tephritoidea incertae sedis) |journal= Instrumentas Biodiversitatis. Geneva |volume=7 |pages=105–156|year=2006 |url=https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=175017}}</ref> summarized all the taxonomy data on the genera of the tribe. And later, Han & Ro<ref name="hanro2009">{{cite journal |author1=Han, H.-Y.. |author2=Ro, K.-E. |name-list-style=amp |title=Molecular phylogeny of the family Tephritidae (Insecta: Diptera): new insight from combined analysis of the mitochondrial 12S, 16S, and COII genes |journal= Molecules and Cells |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=55–66|year=2009 |doi=10.1007/s10059-009-0005-3 |pmid=19214434 |s2cid=38857558 |url=http://www.molcells.org/journal/view.html?year=2009&volume=27&number=1&spage=55|doi-access=free }}</ref> provided the results of [[phylogeny reconstruction]] of the family Tephritidae (Diptera) from [[MT-RNR1|12S]], [[MT-RNR1|16S]], and [[mitocCytochrome19214434 c oxidase|COII]] mitochondrial gene fragments, which strongly supported the hypothesis of Tachiniscinae [[monophyly]] and sister-group relationships to the remaining group of [[Tephritidae]] than to [[Pyrgotidae]].

==Classification==
⚫
* [[tribe (biology)|Tribe]] Ortalotrypetini:
⚫
:* ''[[Cyaforma]]''
⚫
:* ''[[Ischyropteron]]''
⚫
:* ''[[Neortalotrypeta]]''
⚫
:* ''[[Ortalotrypeta]]''
⚫
:* ''[[Protortalotrypeta]]''

* Tribe Tachiniscini:
:* ''[[Bibundia]]''
:* ''[[Tachinisca]]''
:* ''[[Tachiniscidia]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Tephritidae}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100709042209/http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/diptera/tephriti/tephriti.htm Tephritidae Information from the Diptera Site]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q15634804}}

⚫
[[Category:Tachiniscinae| ]]
[[Category:Brachycera subfamilies]]

Latest revision as of 02:03, 3 January 2024

Tachiniscinae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Tephritidae
Subfamily: Tachiniscinae
Kertész, 1903
Diversity
8 genera, 18 species

The Tachiniscinae are a subfamily of the fruit fly family Tephritidae. They are treated by some authorities as a separate family, Tachiniscidae. An undetermined species of the genus Tachiniscidia has been reared from Saturniidae caterpillars in Nigeria.

The family Tachiniscidae was established by Kertész[1] for a single species, Tachinisca cyaneiventris Kertész, 1903 from Peru and Bolivia. Kertész correctly placed that family in the “Muscidae acalyptratae”, in spite of its tachinid-like appearance. In the same year, Bischof [2] described another genus, Bibundia, with a single species, B. hermanni Bischof (from Central Africa), which he assigned to “Ortalidae”. Malloch [3] described one more monotypic tachiniscid genus, Tachiniscidia, with the type species T. africana Malloch from “Chirinda Forest, S. Rhodesia” (Zimbabwe).

The only host data recorded for these three genera, or any other Tachiniscinae, is the mention of “Anthophasia robertsi Cogan” (nomen nudum; listed by Cogan [4] as an undescribed species of Bibundia) reared from pupae of Bunaea alcinoe Stoll and Imbrasia obscura Butler (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) by Roberts (1969). The exact identity of the host species needs further investigation, as Cogan (1980: 555) stated that “A single specimen of a Bibundia species has been reared by Roberts (1969) from a caterpillar of a saturniid moth, Imbrasia nictitans Fabricius” (=Imbrasia epimethea Drury).

The genera and species currently placed in the tribe Ortalotrypetini were originally assigned to the family Tephritidae, and generally fit its diagnosis well. Hendel (1927) established the genus Ortalotrypeta with two species from China (Sichuan), O. gigas Hendel and O. idana Hendel, which he considered related to Acanthonevra Macquart and allied genera of fruit flies. Later, eight additional species from southeastern China and northern Vietnam. The genus Cyaphorma Wang 1989, very close to Ortalotrypeta, was described from China (Wang, 1989). Ito (1983) established the tribe Ortalotrypetini in his key to genera of Japanese Tephritidae. He included the single genus Ortalotrypeta to separate it from genera of the tribe Acanthonevrini. The tribe was preliminarily revised by Norrbom.[5]

McAlpine (1989) presumed that the Tachiniscidae could be a sister-group of Pyrgotidae based only on their parasitic larval habits.

Korneyev [6] hypothesized that the highly specialized structure of female ovipositor as a synapomorphy of Ortalotrypetini and Tachiniscidae and joined them as a subfamily Tachiniscinae in the family Tephritidae, as the sister group to other tephritid taxa. Korneyev & Norrbom[7] summarized all the taxonomy data on the genera of the tribe. And later, Han & Ro[8] provided the results of phylogeny reconstruction of the family Tephritidae (Diptera) from 12S, 16S, and COII mitochondrial gene fragments, which strongly supported the hypothesis of Tachiniscinae monophyly and sister-group relationships to the remaining group of Tephritidae than to Pyrgotidae.

Classification

[edit]
  • Tribe Tachiniscini:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Kertész, K. (1903). "Eine neue Familie der acalyptraten Musciden". Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici. 1: 355–358 & plate 15.
  2. ^ Bischof, J. (1903). "Neue Dipteren aus Afrika". Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 22: 41–42. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.9735.
  3. ^ Malloch, J. R. (1931). "Exotic Muscaridae (Diptera) — XXXII". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 10 (7): 314–340. doi:10.1080/00222933108673319.
  4. ^ Cogan, B.H. (1980). "Family Tachiniscidae". In Crosskey, R.W. (ed.). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History). p. 555. ISBN 0565008218.
  5. ^ Norrbom, L. A. (1994). "New genera of Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil and Dominican Amber, with phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Ortalotrypetini". Insecta Mundi. 8 (1–2): 1–15.
  6. ^ Korneyev, V.A. (1999). "Phylogenetic relationships among higher groups of the superfamily Tephritoidea". In Aluja, Martin; Norrbom, Allen (eds.). Fruit Flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior. CRC Press. pp. 3–22. ISBN 978-0-8493-1275-5.
  7. ^ Korneyev, V. A. & Norrbom, A. L. (2006). "Genera of the subfamily Tachiniscinae (Diptera, Tephritidae), with discussion of the Position of Descoleia Aczél and Nosferatumyia, gen. n. (Tephritoidea incertae sedis)". Instrumentas Biodiversitatis. Geneva. 7: 105–156.
  8. ^ Han, H.-Y.. & Ro, K.-E. (2009). "Molecular phylogeny of the family Tephritidae (Insecta: Diptera): new insight from combined analysis of the mitochondrial 12S, 16S, and COII genes". Molecules and Cells. 27 (1): 55–66. doi:10.1007/s10059-009-0005-3. PMID 19214434. S2CID 38857558.
[edit]

Media related to Tephritidae at Wikimedia Commons

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