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{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
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{{ infobox noble
'''Duke Stephen III''' of [[Bavaria]] ([[German language|German]], in full: ''Stephan III der Kneißl, Herzog von Bayern''; 1337 — 26 September 1413, [[Niederschönfeld]]) was a Duke of Bavaria since 1375. He was the eldest son of [[Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria|Stephen II]] and [[Elisabeth of Sicily (1310–1349)|Elizabeth of Sicily]].
| name = Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria
| image =
| caption =
| noble family = [[House of Wittelsbach]]
| father = [[Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria]]
| mother = [[Elisabeth of Sicily (1310–1349)|Elisabeth of Sicily]]
| spouse = [[Taddea Visconti]]<br/>[[Elisabeth of Cleves]]
| issue = [[Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria]]<br>[[Isabeau of Bavaria|Isabeau, Queen of France]]
| birth_date = {{circa|1337}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date|1413|9|26|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Niederschönenfeld]]
}}
'''Stephen III''' (1337 26 September 1413), called '''the Magnificent''' or '''the Fop''' (''Stephan der Kneißl''), was the [[Duke of Bavaria|Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt]] from 1375. He was the eldest son of [[Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria|Stephen II]] and [[Elisabeth of Sicily (1310–1349)|Elizabeth of Sicily]].


==Family==
==Reign==
From 1375 to 1392, Stephen ruled Bavaria with his brothers [[Frederick, Duke of Bavaria|Frederick]] and [[John II, Duke of Bavaria|John II]]. However, in 1392, Bavaria was split into three separate Duchies, now consisting of [[Bavaria-Landshut]], [[Bavaria-Ingolstadt]] and [[Bavaria-Munich]]. John II partitioned Bavaria as the result of his refusal to finance his brothers' expensive ambitions in the Italian court. After the division of Bavaria, Stephen retained Bavaria-[[Ingolstadt]], although he soon came to regard his share to be inferior to the other two Duchies. From 1395 to 1397, he also jointly held Bavaria-Munich with John II, after an armed conflict between the brothers.
His maternal grandparents were [[Frederick III of Sicily]] and [[Eleanor of Anjou]]. Her parents were [[Charles II of Naples]] and [[Maria Arpad of Hungary]].


After the deaths of both of his brothers, Stephen attempted to extend his Duchy, this time causing conflict with his nephews. In opposition to them, Stephen also supported King [[Rupert of Germany|Rupert]] against the [[House of Luxembourg|Luxemburg]]. In 1402 Stephen was forced by his nephew [[Ernest, Duke of Bavaria|Ernest]] to confine his reign to Bavaria-[[Ingolstadt]]. In 1403, he supported the citizens' uprising in Munich, although that failed. His final attempt in 1410 to reconquer [[county of Tyrol|Tyrol]], which his father had ceded to the Grand Duchy of [[Habsburg]] was likewise unsuccessful.
Maria was a daughter of [[Stephen V of Hungary]] and his wife, queen Elisabeth, who was daughter of [[Zayhan of Kuni]], a chief of the [[Cuman tribe]] and had been a [[Paganism|pagan]] before her marriage.


He died at [[Niederschönenfeld]].
Stephen V was a son of [[Béla IV of Hungary]] and Maria Laskarina. Maria Laskarina was a daughter of [[Theodore I Lascaris]] and [[Anna Angelina]]. Anna was daughter of [[Eastern Roman Emperor]] [[Alexius III]] and [[Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamaterina]].


==Family and children==
==Reign==
He was married twice. First, he was married on 13 October 1364 to [[Taddea Visconti]], daughter of [[Bernabò Visconti]] and [[Beatrice della Scala]].{{sfn|Adams|2010|p=2}} He had, from his first marriage:
From 1375 to 1392 he ruled with his brothers [[Frederick, Duke of Bavaria|Frederick]] and [[John II, Duke of Bavaria|John II]] in [[Bavaria-Landshut]]. In 1392 Bavaria-Landshut was reduced since [[Bavaria-Ingolstadt]] and [[Bavaria-Munich]] were created. John had initiated a new partition of Bavaria since he refused to finance the Italian adventures of his brothers and Stephen's expensive holding of court. Stephen III received Bavaria-[[Ingolstadt]] after the division of Bavaria, he soon considered this agreement as a disadvantage. In 1395-1397 he then jointly held also Bavaria-Munich together with John II after an armed conflict between both brothers.
* [[Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria|Louis VII the Bearded]],{{sfn|Adams|2010|p=2}} who succeeded him in Bavaria-Ingolstadt,
* [[Isabeau of Bavaria]],{{sfn|Adams|2010|p=2}} married [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]], king of France{{sfn|Pitti|2015|p=287}}


Second, he was married in [[Cologne]] on 16 January 1401 to [[Elisabeth of Cleves]], daughter of Count [[Adolf III of Cleves]].
After the death of both of his brothers Stephen tried to extent his duchy. This caused a long conflict with his nephews. In opposite to them Stephen also supported King [[Rupert of Germany|Rupert]] against the [[House of Luxembourg|Luxemburg]] party.
He was forced by his nephew [[Ernest, Duke of Bavaria|Ernest]] to confine his reign to Bavaria-[[Ingolstadt]] in 1402 and therefore supported the uprisings of the citizenry of Munich in 1403 which failed. His attempt in 1410 to reconquer [[county of Tyrol|Tyrol]] which his father once had released to [[Habsburg]] was not successful.


==References==
==Family and children==
{{reflist}}
He was married twice. First, he was married on 13 October 1364 to [[Taddea Visconti]], daughter of [[Bernabò Visconti]] and [[Beatrice della Scala]]. Second, he was married in [[Cologne]] on 16 January 1401 to [[Elisabeth of Cleves]], daughter of Count [[Adolf III of Cleves]]. He had, from his first marriage, a son, [[Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria|Louis VII the Bearded]], who succeeded him in Bavaria-Ingolstadt, and a daughter, who became the French queen, [[Isabeau of Bavaria]].


==Sources==
{{Start box}}
*{{cite book |title=The Life and Afterlife of Isabeau of Bavaria |first=Tracy |last=Adams |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |year=2010 }}
*{{cite book |chapter=Memoirs |first=Bonaccorso |last=Pitti |pages=254–343 |title=Merchant Writers: Florentine Memoirs from the Middle Ages and Renaissance |editor-first=Vittore |editor-last=Branca |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2015 }}

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Wittelsbach]]||1337|26 September|1413}}[aged 76]
{{S-hou|[[House of Wittelsbach]]||1337|26 September|1413}}[aged 76]
{{S-reg|}}
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after=[[Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria|Louis VII the Bearded]]
after=[[Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria|Louis VII the Bearded]]
}}
}}
{{End box}}
{{S-end}}
{{Dukes of Bavaria}}

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Stephen Iii, Duke Of Bavaria}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stephen Iii, Duke Of Bavaria}}
[[Category:1337 births]]
[[Category:1337 births]]
[[Category:1413 deaths]]
[[Category:1413 deaths]]
[[Category:Dukes of Bavaria]]
[[Category:14th-century dukes of Bavaria]]
[[Category:15th-century dukes of Bavaria]]
[[Category:House of Wittelsbach]]
[[Category:House of Wittelsbach]]

[[de:Stephan III. (Bayern)]]
[[fr:Étienne III de Bavière]]
[[id:Stephen III, Adipati Bavaria]]
[[it:Stefano III di Baviera]]
[[nl:Stefanus III van Beieren]]
[[ja:シュテファン3世 (バイエルン公)]]

Latest revision as of 21:44, 3 January 2024

Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria
Bornc. 1337
Died(1413-09-26)26 September 1413
Niederschönenfeld
Noble familyHouse of Wittelsbach
Spouse(s)Taddea Visconti
Elisabeth of Cleves
IssueLouis VII, Duke of Bavaria
Isabeau, Queen of France
FatherStephen II, Duke of Bavaria
MotherElisabeth of Sicily

Stephen III (1337 – 26 September 1413), called the Magnificent or the Fop (Stephan der Kneißl), was the Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt from 1375. He was the eldest son of Stephen II and Elizabeth of Sicily.

Reign

[edit]

From 1375 to 1392, Stephen ruled Bavaria with his brothers Frederick and John II. However, in 1392, Bavaria was split into three separate Duchies, now consisting of Bavaria-Landshut, Bavaria-Ingolstadt and Bavaria-Munich. John II partitioned Bavaria as the result of his refusal to finance his brothers' expensive ambitions in the Italian court. After the division of Bavaria, Stephen retained Bavaria-Ingolstadt, although he soon came to regard his share to be inferior to the other two Duchies. From 1395 to 1397, he also jointly held Bavaria-Munich with John II, after an armed conflict between the brothers.

After the deaths of both of his brothers, Stephen attempted to extend his Duchy, this time causing conflict with his nephews. In opposition to them, Stephen also supported King Rupert against the Luxemburg. In 1402 Stephen was forced by his nephew Ernest to confine his reign to Bavaria-Ingolstadt. In 1403, he supported the citizens' uprising in Munich, although that failed. His final attempt in 1410 to reconquer Tyrol, which his father had ceded to the Grand Duchy of Habsburg was likewise unsuccessful.

He died at Niederschönenfeld.

Family and children

[edit]

He was married twice. First, he was married on 13 October 1364 to Taddea Visconti, daughter of Bernabò Visconti and Beatrice della Scala.[1] He had, from his first marriage:

Second, he was married in Cologne on 16 January 1401 to Elisabeth of Cleves, daughter of Count Adolf III of Cleves.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Adams 2010, p. 2.
  2. ^ Pitti 2015, p. 287.

Sources

[edit]
  • Adams, Tracy (2010). The Life and Afterlife of Isabeau of Bavaria. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Pitti, Bonaccorso (2015). "Memoirs". In Branca, Vittore (ed.). Merchant Writers: Florentine Memoirs from the Middle Ages and Renaissance. University of Toronto Press. pp. 254–343.
Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria
Born: 1337 Died: 26 September 1413[aged 76]
Regnal titles
Preceded by Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt
1375–1413
Succeeded by