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== First sentence ==
== Proposed Draft of the section ''Khanates of late 18th – early 19th centuries'' ==
{{ping|CuriousGolden}} I don't agree with the way the first sentence of the lede is written. This article is meant to elaborate about the History of the Azerbaijan Republic, discussing everything that happened in relation to its soil, from prehistory to contemporary times. This concept doesn't equal to the history of ethnic [[Azerbaijanis|Azerbaijan'''is''']]. We are both well aware that the entire article needs to rewritten (I might do it myself at some point in the future), but the first sentence of the lede is just too misleading for it to remain as it is. - [[User:LouisAragon|LouisAragon]] ([[User talk:LouisAragon|talk]]) 12:30, 20 February 2021 (UTC)

:It's similar to the lead in [[History of Armenia]]. The sentence you added [https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=History_of_Azerbaijan&diff=1007883296&oldid=1007883250&diffmode=source here] doesn't sound very nice in my opinion (it's quite short), but if you can improve it, then we can definitely change it. (Perhaps it could be made similar to how it is on [[History of Turkey]]?) — [[User:CuriousGolden|<b style="color:#c29d25">Curious</b><b style="color:#c29d25">Golden</b>]] <b style="solid black"> [[User talk:CuriousGolden|(T·]][[Special:Contribs/CuriousGolden|C)]] </b> 14:30, 20 February 2021 (UTC)
After Nadir Shah's assassination in 1747, the Persian Empire under Afsharids disintegrated. Several [[Muslim]] khanates, variously described as Azerbaijani<ref>{{cite book |title=Historical dictionary of Azerbaijan |last1=Świętochowski |first1=Tadeusz |last2= Collins |first2=Brian C. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1999 |publisher= Scarecrow Press |location= |isbn= 0-810-83550-9 |page=4 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yjIZ6ymyNO8C&pg=PA4&dq=Swietochowski+Azerbaijani+khanates&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate= 2011-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=In a collapsing empire: underdevelopment, ethnic conflicts and nationalisms in the Soviet Union, Volume 28 |last1=Buttino |first1=Marco |last2= Świętochowski |first2=Tadeusz |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1993 |publisher=Feltrinelli Editore |location= |isbn= 8-807-99048-2 |page=189 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=t5HKjm6vs3YC&pg=PA189&dq=Swietochowski+Azerbaijani+khanates&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate= 2011-11-23}}</ref> or as Iranian<ref name=AZERBAIJANIranica>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Multiple Authors |first= | title= AZERBAIJAN | encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |quote=This new entity consisted of the former Iranian Khanates of Arrān, including Karabagh, Baku, Shirvan, Ganja, Talysh (Ṭāleš), Derbent (Darband), Kuba, and Nakhichevan (Naḵjavān), which had been annexed to Russia by the treaties of Golestān (1813) and Torkamānčāy (1828) under the rubric of Eastern Transcaucasia.| accessdate=2011-October-09|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-index}}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-129462/Azerbaijan Encyclopaedia Britannica Online: History of Azerbaijan]</ref>, that were sometimes [[de facto]] independent<ref>{{cite book |last=Avery |first=Peter |authorlink= |coauthors=Hambly, Gavin |editor= |others= |title=The Cambridge History of Iran |origdate= |origyear= |origmonth= |url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |date= |year=1991 |month= |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= |language= |isbn=0521200954 |oclc= |doi= |id= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote=Agha Muhammad Khan could now turn to the restoration of the outlying provinces of the Safavid kingdom. Returning to Tehran in the spring of 1795, he assembled a force of some 60,000 cavalry and infantry and in Shawwal Dhul-Qa'da/May, set off for Azarbaijan, intending to conquer the country between the rivers Aras and Kura, formerly under Safavid control.This region comprised a number of independent khanates of which the most important was ''Qarabagh'', with its capital at Shusha; Ganja, with its capital of the same name; Shirvan across the Kura, with its capital at Shamakhi; and to the north-west, on both banks of the Kura, Christian Georgia (Gurjistan), with its capital at Tiflis.|page=126}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Baddeley |first=John Frederick |authorlink= |coauthors= |editor= |others= |title=The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus |origdate= |origyear= |origmonth= |url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |date= |year=1908 |month= |publisher=Longmans, Green and Co. |location=Harvard University |language= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote=Potto sums up Tsitsianoff's achievements and character as follows: "In the short time he passed there (in Transcaucasia) he managed to completely alter the map of the country. He found it composed of minutely divided, independent Muhammadan States leaning upon Persia, namely, the khanates of Baku, Shirvan, Shekeen, Karabagh, Gandja and Erivan (Revan till 1828)..."|page=71}}</ref><ref name="bertsch297">{{cite book
| last = Bertsch
| first =Gary Kenneth
| title =Crossroads and Conflict: Security and Foreign Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia
| publisher =Routledge
|year=2000
| location =
| pages =297: "Shusha became the capital of an independent "Azeri" khanate in 1752 (Azeri in the sense of Muslims who spoke a version of the Turkic language we call Azeri today)."
| isbn =0415922739}}</ref><ref name="svante">{{cite book
| last = Cornell
| first = Svante
| title = Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus
| publisher =Routledge
|year=2001
| location =
| isbn =0700711627
| page = }}</ref> founded under nominal [[Persian Empire|Persian]] suzerainty.<ref name="bertsch297" /><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-129462/Azerbaijan "Azerbaijan"] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = Nafziger, E. Wayne, Stewart, Frances and Väyrynen, Raimo
| first =
| title = War, Hunger, and Displacement: The Origins of Humanitarian Emergencies
| publisher = Oxford University press
|year=2000
| location =
| isbn = 0198297394
| page = 406}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Kashani-Sabet |first=Firoozeh |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1997 |month=May |title=Fragile Frontiers: The Diminishing Domains of Qajar Iran |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=210 |id= |url= |accessdate= |quote=In 1795, Ibrahim Khalil Khan, the wali of Qarabagh, warned Sultan Selim III of Aqa Muhammad Khan's ambitions. Fearing for his independence, he informed the Sultan of Aqa Muhammad Khan's ability to subdue Azerbaijan and later Qarabagh, Erivan, and Georgia.}}</ref> Within Azerbaijan emerged the khanates of [[Shirvan Khanate|Shirvan]], [[Baku khanate|Baku]], [[Karabakh khanate|Karabakh]], [[Ganja khanate|Ganja]], [[Quba Khanate|Quba]], [[Shaki Khanate|Shaki]], [[Talysh Khanate|Talysh]], [[Erivan khanate|Erivan]], [[Nakhchivan khanate|Nakhchivan]] and other small city-states. The khanates engaged in constant warfare between themselves and with external threats. The most powerful among the northern khans was Fat'h Ali Khan of Quba (died 1783), who managed to unite most of the neighboring khanates under his rule and even mounted an expedition to take [[Tabriz]], fighting with [[Zand dynasty]]. Another powerful khanate was that of [[Karabakh]], which subdued neighboring [[Nakhchivan khanate]] and parts of [[Erivan khanate]].
===Footnotes===
{{Reflist}}

--[[User:Alborz Fallah|Alborz Fallah]] ([[User talk:Alborz Fallah|talk]]) 12:15, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
:Alborz, agreed in general, but I would like to reword it as follows (grammar, etc):
:After Nadir Shah's assassination in 1747, the Persian Empire under Afsharids disintegrated. Several Muslim khanates, described as Azerbaijani, according to some sources [5][6], and as Iranian[3][7], according to other, that were sometimes de facto independent[8][9][10][11] or under nominal Persian suzerainty.[10][12][13][14] Khanates of Shirvan, Baku, Karabakh, Ganja, Quba, Shaki, Talysh, Erivan, Nakhchivan and other small city-states emerged within Azerbaijan north of Araks River. The khanates engaged in constant warfare between themselves and with external threats. The most powerful among the northern khans was Fat'h Ali Khan of Quba (died 1783), who managed to unite most of the neighboring khanates under his rule and even mounted an expedition to take Tabriz, fighting with Zand dynasty. Another powerful khanate was that of Karabakh, which subdued neighboring Nakhchivan khanate and parts of Erivan khanate. [[User:Tuscumbia|<font color="#0000FF"><strong>Tuscumbia</strong></font>]] ([[User talk:Tuscumbia|<font color="#DC143C">''talk''</font>]]) 16:42, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

I think we reach a good point because our main discussion is about the grammar . Because the large sentences are not clear , I write two suggestions as follows :
1- Several Muslim khanates, <font color="red">variously</font> described as Azerbaijani <font color="red">or as Iranian</font>, that were sometimes de facto independent founded under nominal Persian suzerainty.(Alborz's suggestion)

2-Several Muslim khanates, described as Azerbaijani, according to some sources , and as Iranian, <font color="blue">according to other</font>, that were sometimes de facto independent <font color="blue">or</font> under nominal Persian suzerainty.(Tuscumbia's suggestion)

Now I think the other editors can help as , as they are native English speakers and they are neutral . If you agree , I can ask the other editors to give a comment in choosing one the above sentences , or a third one that they see better than them .--[[User:Alborz Fallah|Alborz Fallah]] ([[User talk:Alborz Fallah|talk]]) 12:01, 5 February 2012 (UTC)

:Does the use of "founded" mean that these khanates were founded in 1747? Or did they exist before 1747 but achieve de facto independence in that year? Both versions are unclear on this. In addition, Version #2 has a problem -- a fine point of English that I think even many native English speakers would miss. To say both "described" and "according to" includes the same concept twice. Also, "other" should be "others". So I suggest a rewrite along these lines:
::3A- Several Muslim khanates, described as Azerbaijani by some sources and as Iranian by others, were founded under nominal Persian suzerainty but were de facto independent.

::3B- Several Muslim khanates, described as Azerbaijani by some sources and as Iranian by others, became de facto independent while remaining under nominal Persian suzerainty.
:The choice between these two would depend on what the status of the khanates was before 1747. [[User:JamesMLane|JamesMLane]]<small>&nbsp;[[User_talk:JamesMLane|t]]&nbsp;[[Special:Contributions/JamesMLane|c]]</small> 14:53, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

:::I think it is clear that all of the khanates were built before 1747 . It is clear by searching their article one by one . --[[User:Alborz Fallah|Alborz Fallah]] ([[User talk:Alborz Fallah|talk]]) 07:32, 14 February 2012 (UTC)
::::I agree with Alborz. The khanates existed before 1747, but were under Iranian control until that year. After the death of Nadir Shah the central power in Iran weakened, and the khanates became de-facto independent. [[User:Grandmaster|<span style="font-family:Arial;color:#464646">'''''Grand'''''</span>]][[User talk:Grandmaster|<span style="font-family:Arial;color:#808080">'''''master'''''</span>]] 21:58, 2 March 2012 (UTC)
:::::Hi Grandmaster ! Long time , no see .... To be precise ,only the Qarabagh Khanate was built after Nader Shah (1747) , but still it had a period of relative dependency (read semi-control by central Iranian government) in the period of [[Karim Khan]] (1760-1779)--[[User:Alborz Fallah|Alborz Fallah]] ([[User talk:Alborz Fallah|talk]]) 08:33, 3 March 2012 (UTC)
::::::Hi Alborz. You are absolutely correct on this, the Karabakh khanate indeed was the one that emerged after the death of Nadir shah, but others existed before. [[User:Grandmaster|<span style="font-family:Arial;color:#464646">'''''Grand'''''</span>]][[User talk:Grandmaster|<span style="font-family:Arial;color:#808080">'''''master'''''</span>]] 09:31, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

== Orphaned references in [[:History of Azerbaijan]] ==


== Ref bombs ==
I check pages listed in [[:Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting]] to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for [[User:AnomieBOT/docs/OrphanReferenceFixer|orphaned references]] in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of [[:History of Azerbaijan]]'s orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for ''this'' article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.


I've been working on [[History of Azerbaijan#Prehistory]]. There are four ref bombs in the section, some of this should be moved to the Further reading section. I have enclosed the three instances in notes; this is not a good long term solution due to ref chasing. Does anyone have thoughts on these four instances, and what should be moved to further reading. Since if I go forward I'll be moving refs I wanted to post a discussion first. <span style="font-family:Courier;"><b>&nbsp;//&nbsp;[[User:TimothyBlue|Timothy]]&nbsp;::&nbsp;[[User talk:TimothyBlue|talk]]&nbsp;</b></span> 19:38, 11 January 2023 (UTC)
<b>Reference named "Lang":</b><ul>
<li>From [[Middle Ages]]: Loyn "Language and dialect" ''Middle Ages'' p. 204</li>
<li>From [[Qajar dynasty]]: [[David Marshall Lang|Lang, David Marshall]] (1962), ''A Modern History of Georgia'', p. 38. [[London]]: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.</li>
</ul>


== Semi-protected edit request on 10 March 2023 ==
I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. [[User:AnomieBOT|AnomieBOT]][[User talk:AnomieBOT|<font color="#888800">⚡</font>]] 10:20, 23 June 2015 (UTC)


{{Edit semi-protected|History of Azerbaijan|answered=yes}}
== External links modified ==
Need source for “Akhsitan I (who built Baku)” [[Special:Contributions/2603:8000:E801:6300:B8D9:3C2C:FBD8:443E|2603:8000:E801:6300:B8D9:3C2C:FBD8:443E]] ([[User talk:2603:8000:E801:6300:B8D9:3C2C:FBD8:443E|talk]]) 10:38, 10 March 2023 (UTC)
:{{done}}<!-- Template:ESp --> [[User:M.Bitton|M.Bitton]] ([[User talk:M.Bitton|talk]]) 13:58, 10 March 2023 (UTC)


== Aq Qoyunlu Qara Qoyunly ==
Hello fellow Wikipedians,


In the early Middle Ages, white sheep were spread over a wide area in the South Caucasus, in the area between the Caucasus Mountains and the Araz River, around Goycha Lake, in the Alagoz grasslands, as well as in the southern regions of Azerbaijan, Eastern Anatolia, Western Iran, the Tigris and Euphrates valleys.
I have just modified one external link on [[History of Azerbaijan]]. Please take a moment to review [https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=773541956 my edit]. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit [[User:Cyberpower678/FaQs#InternetArchiveBot|this simple FaQ]] for additional information. I made the following changes:
*Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090117033606/http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai102_folder/102_articles/102_heyerdahl_alexidze.html to http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai102_folder/102_articles/102_heyerdahl_alexidze.html


The Aggoyun people belonged to the Bayandur clan of the Oguz. Their names are given as "Bayandur Khan boys" in Turkic-language sources, and "Bayanduriyya" in Persian-language sources The word "Bayandur" in the ancient Turkish language means "a place that is always full of blessings". The name Bayandur comes from Bayandur, the eldest son of Goy Khan, one of the sons of Oghuz Khan. Aggoyunuls considered themselves descendants of Bayandur Khan.
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.


At the time of Hamza Bey, the Bayandur stamp was stamped on Aggoyunlu coins. During the period of Uzun Hasan and his successors, the Bayandur stamp was again printed on coins as a sign of the state. This stamp was also used on the Aggoyunlu flag and inscriptions.Beginning with Hasan, the Aggoyunlu rulers were masters of science and art.
{{sourcecheck|checked=false|needhelp=}}
Uzun Hasan gathered the most advanced scholars of his time in his palace. Up to 60 scholars worked in the ruler's private library.
calligraphy (calligraphy) and miniature painting were among the attention-grabbing areas of Azerbaijani cultural life of this period. In the palace libraries of Aggoyunlu rulers, scientific, artistic, philosophical, religious, and historical works were copied, and miniatures were drawn on their manuscripts. 4 miniature illustrations drawn on the manuscript of poet Hidayat's "Divan" were compiled by Sultan Khalil in 1478. This manuscript copy is in AZERBAİJAN language.
During this period, skilled calligraphers such as Mirali Tabrizi, Mirabullah Tabrizi, Suleyman Ali Yaqubi, Nizamuddin Ali Ardabili, Jafar Tabrizi, Azhar Tabrizi, Abdurrahim al-Yaqubi worked in different cities of Azerbaijan.[294]
For a long time, a scientific assembly consisting of prominent scientists of the time was active in Hasan's palace. Uzun Hasan translated the Holy Quran into AZERBAİJAN language and wrote an Oghuznam called "Kitabi-Diyarbakriya" to Abu Bakr al-Tehrani, a prominent scientist of the time. Fazlullah ibn Ruzbehan Khunji came to Tabriz in 1487 in Sultan Yaqub's palace and started writing the history of Aggoyunlu state.Bayram Khoja was the founder of Karakoyunlu dynasty. His successor, Kara Muhammad, became a relative of Jalairi Sultan Ahmad in order to resolve the conflict with the Jalairis. This caused the western part of Azerbaijan, including Tabriz, to fall into the hands of the Karagoyun people.


the transformation of Karakoyunli into a big empire happened during the era of Kara Yusif. In an intense struggle with the Timurids and Jalairis, Kara Yusuf managed to create a huge state from Azerbaijan that united Eastern Georgia, Arab Iraq and Ajam Iraq within its borders.
Cheers.—[[User:InternetArchiveBot|'''<span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span>''']] <span style="color:green;font-family:Rockwell">([[User talk:InternetArchiveBot|Report bug]])</span> 01:40, 3 April 2017 (UTC)


Black Yusif's son Gara Iskander restored the power of Garagoyunlu in 1421 and entered the city after Sultan Shahrukh left Tabriz. In 1421, the battle between Alexander and Shahrukh's troops in the Alashkert valley resulted in Alexander's defeat, but since Shahrukh returnedthen all the lands he occupied were recaptured by Alexander the Black.
Azad khan Afghan ruled the area for quite some time, it should be added too. <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/88.88.129.156|88.88.129.156]] ([[User talk:88.88.129.156#top|talk]]) 21:39, 20 November 2018 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->


Jahan Shah came to power after Black Alexander. Jahan Shah was one of the strong rulers of Karagoyunlu. During his time, Karagoyunlu culture developed. Jahan Shah wrote poems in AZERBAİJAN language and Persian under the pseudonym "Haqiqi". made great conquests and expanded the territory of the Garagoyunlu empire.according to the German Turkologist Gerhard Doerfer, it is very strange that the word "Turkman" still causes confusion for Aggoyunlu and Karagoyunlu Turkmens. The word Turkman actually means "nomadic Oghuz"Aggoyunlu and Karagoyunlu "Turkmen" are AZERBAİJANİS anyway.
== Wrong Information ==


The content on this page is incorrect. History has been fabricated to eradicate and rewrite what is commonly known as Armenian lands. [[User:BlondieKnot|BlondieKnot]] ([[User talk:BlondieKnot|talk]]) 21:55, 23 October 2020 (UTC)
After Jahanshah's death in 1467, Hasanali Mirza, who came to power, was killed by Uzun Hasan, thus the Garagoyunlu empire collapsed. [[Special:Contributions/5.191.25.12|5.191.25.12]] ([[User talk:5.191.25.12|talk]]) 13:43, 23 June 2023 (UTC)

Latest revision as of 09:54, 8 January 2024

First sentence

[edit]

@CuriousGolden: I don't agree with the way the first sentence of the lede is written. This article is meant to elaborate about the History of the Azerbaijan Republic, discussing everything that happened in relation to its soil, from prehistory to contemporary times. This concept doesn't equal to the history of ethnic Azerbaijanis. We are both well aware that the entire article needs to rewritten (I might do it myself at some point in the future), but the first sentence of the lede is just too misleading for it to remain as it is. - LouisAragon (talk) 12:30, 20 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]

It's similar to the lead in History of Armenia. The sentence you added here doesn't sound very nice in my opinion (it's quite short), but if you can improve it, then we can definitely change it. (Perhaps it could be made similar to how it is on History of Turkey?) — CuriousGolden (T·C) 14:30, 20 February 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Ref bombs

[edit]

I've been working on History of Azerbaijan#Prehistory. There are four ref bombs in the section, some of this should be moved to the Further reading section. I have enclosed the three instances in notes; this is not a good long term solution due to ref chasing. Does anyone have thoughts on these four instances, and what should be moved to further reading. Since if I go forward I'll be moving refs I wanted to post a discussion first.  // Timothy :: talk  19:38, 11 January 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Semi-protected edit request on 10 March 2023

[edit]

Need source for “Akhsitan I (who built Baku)” 2603:8000:E801:6300:B8D9:3C2C:FBD8:443E (talk) 10:38, 10 March 2023 (UTC)[reply]

 Done M.Bitton (talk) 13:58, 10 March 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Aq Qoyunlu Qara Qoyunly

[edit]

In the early Middle Ages, white sheep were spread over a wide area in the South Caucasus, in the area between the Caucasus Mountains and the Araz River, around Goycha Lake, in the Alagoz grasslands, as well as in the southern regions of Azerbaijan, Eastern Anatolia, Western Iran, the Tigris and Euphrates valleys.

The Aggoyun people belonged to the Bayandur clan of the Oguz. Their names are given as "Bayandur Khan boys" in Turkic-language sources, and "Bayanduriyya" in Persian-language sources The word "Bayandur" in the ancient Turkish language means "a place that is always full of blessings". The name Bayandur comes from Bayandur, the eldest son of Goy Khan, one of the sons of Oghuz Khan. Aggoyunuls considered themselves descendants of Bayandur Khan.

At the time of Hamza Bey, the Bayandur stamp was stamped on Aggoyunlu coins. During the period of Uzun Hasan and his successors, the Bayandur stamp was again printed on coins as a sign of the state. This stamp was also used on the Aggoyunlu flag and inscriptions.Beginning with Hasan, the Aggoyunlu rulers were masters of science and art. Uzun Hasan gathered the most advanced scholars of his time in his palace. Up to 60 scholars worked in the ruler's private library. calligraphy (calligraphy) and miniature painting were among the attention-grabbing areas of Azerbaijani cultural life of this period. In the palace libraries of Aggoyunlu rulers, scientific, artistic, philosophical, religious, and historical works were copied, and miniatures were drawn on their manuscripts. 4 miniature illustrations drawn on the manuscript of poet Hidayat's "Divan" were compiled by Sultan Khalil in 1478. This manuscript copy is in AZERBAİJAN language. During this period, skilled calligraphers such as Mirali Tabrizi, Mirabullah Tabrizi, Suleyman Ali Yaqubi, Nizamuddin Ali Ardabili, Jafar Tabrizi, Azhar Tabrizi, Abdurrahim al-Yaqubi worked in different cities of Azerbaijan.[294] For a long time, a scientific assembly consisting of prominent scientists of the time was active in Hasan's palace. Uzun Hasan translated the Holy Quran into AZERBAİJAN language and wrote an Oghuznam called "Kitabi-Diyarbakriya" to Abu Bakr al-Tehrani, a prominent scientist of the time. Fazlullah ibn Ruzbehan Khunji came to Tabriz in 1487 in Sultan Yaqub's palace and started writing the history of Aggoyunlu state.Bayram Khoja was the founder of Karakoyunlu dynasty. His successor, Kara Muhammad, became a relative of Jalairi Sultan Ahmad in order to resolve the conflict with the Jalairis. This caused the western part of Azerbaijan, including Tabriz, to fall into the hands of the Karagoyun people.

the transformation of Karakoyunli into a big empire happened during the era of Kara Yusif. In an intense struggle with the Timurids and Jalairis, Kara Yusuf managed to create a huge state from Azerbaijan that united Eastern Georgia, Arab Iraq and Ajam Iraq within its borders.

Black Yusif's son Gara Iskander restored the power of Garagoyunlu in 1421 and entered the city after Sultan Shahrukh left Tabriz. In 1421, the battle between Alexander and Shahrukh's troops in the Alashkert valley resulted in Alexander's defeat, but since Shahrukh returnedthen all the lands he occupied were recaptured by Alexander the Black.

Jahan Shah came to power after Black Alexander. Jahan Shah was one of the strong rulers of Karagoyunlu. During his time, Karagoyunlu culture developed. Jahan Shah wrote poems in AZERBAİJAN language and Persian under the pseudonym "Haqiqi". made great conquests and expanded the territory of the Garagoyunlu empire.according to the German Turkologist Gerhard Doerfer, it is very strange that the word "Turkman" still causes confusion for Aggoyunlu and Karagoyunlu Turkmens. The word Turkman actually means "nomadic Oghuz"Aggoyunlu and Karagoyunlu "Turkmen" are AZERBAİJANİS anyway.

After Jahanshah's death in 1467, Hasanali Mirza, who came to power, was killed by Uzun Hasan, thus the Garagoyunlu empire collapsed. 5.191.25.12 (talk) 13:43, 23 June 2023 (UTC)[reply]

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