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{{Infobox Christian leader
[[File:Louis César Constantin de Rohan-Guéméne 02.jpg|thumbnail|Louis César Constantin de Rohan-Guéméne]]
| type = Cardinal
'''Louis César Constantin de Rohan''' (24 March 1697, Paris - 11 March 1779, Paris) was a [[French people|French]] [[prelate]] of the [[House of Rohan]].
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Louis-César-Constantin de Rohan
| honorific-suffix = [[Order of the Holy Spirit|COHS]]
| title = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]], [[Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg]]
| image = Ludwig Konstantin von Rohan-Guéméné.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| church =
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese = [[Diocese of Strasbourg]]
| see = [[Strasbourg Cathedral]]
| appointed =
| elected =
| term =
| term_start = 23 September 1756
| quashed =
| term_end = 11 March 1779
| predecessor = [[Armand de Rohan-Soubise]]
| successor = [[Louis René Édouard de Rohan|Louis René Édouard de Rohan-Guéméné]]
| opposed =
| other_post =
| ordination =
| ordained_by =
| consecration = March 16, 1757
| consecrated_by = Frédéric de La Rochefoucauld
| cardinal = 23 November 1761
| rank = Cardinal of the Catholic Church
| created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Clement XIII]]
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1697|03|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Paris]], [[Kingdom of France]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1779|03|11|1697|03|24|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Paris]], [[Kingdom of France]]
| buried =
| nationality =
| religion =
| residence =
| spouse =
| previous_post =
| profession =
| alma_mater =
| signature =
| coat_of_arms = Coats of Arms of Louis-Constantin of Rohan.svg
| motto =
| education =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms_alt =
<!---------- Sainthood ---------->
| feast_day =
| venerated =
| saint_title =
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date =
| canonized_place =
| canonized_by =
| attributes =
| shrine =
| suppressed_date =
<!---------- Other ---------->
| other =
| parents = [[Charles III de Rohan]]<br/>Charlotte-Elisabeth de Cochefilet
}}
'''Louis César Constantin de Rohan''' (24 March 1697, Paris – 11 March 1779, Paris) was a [[French people|French]] [[prelate]] of the [[House of Rohan]].


== Life ==
== Biography ==

A son of [[Charles III de Rohan (1655-1727)|Charles III de Rohan]], cousin of [[Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan]], he was at first a [[navy|naval]] officer before setting out on an ecclesiastical career. Made [[bishop of Strasbourg]] in 1756, [[Pope Clement XIII]] made him a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] in the consistory of 23 November 1761. However, unlike the other members of his family who had become bishops of [[Strasbourg]], he did not become the [[grand almoner of France]].
=== Origin and youth ===
[[File:Louis César Constantin de Rohan-Guéméne 02.jpg|thumb|left|Louis-Constantin de Rohan]]
[[File:Louis Constantin de Rohan-Montbazon Negges.jpg|thumb|right|Louis-Constantin de Rohan]]
Louis Caesar Constantine de Rohan-Guemène belonged to the [[House of Rohan]], an ancient and powerful family of the nobility of Brittany which dates back to the <abbr>xi <sup>th</sup></abbr> century. Son of [[Charles III de Rohan]], cousin of [[Armand-Gaston-Maximilien de Rohan]] and his second wife, Charlotte-Elisabeth de Cochefilet (1657-1719), he is the fourteenth and last child of the couple.
His brother [[Armand-Jules de Rohan-Guémené]], future [[archbishop of Reims]], had chosen the ecclesiastical state. Louis-César-Constantin de Rohan embraced at first the career of arms. He was first a [[Knights of Malta|Knight of Malta]] before entering the navy as a naval officer. He was promoted to ''[[capitaine de vaisseau]]'' in 1720.

=== Career in the Church ===
In 1732, at the age of 35, he and entered upon an ecclesiastical career, being named canon and grand provost of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg |Strasbourg]]. In 1734 he was appointed commendatory Abbot of [[Lyre Abbey]], near [[Evreux]], then first [[chaplain]] to the King in 1748, [[Abbey of Saint-Èvre de Toul |commendatory Abbot of Saint-Epvre]] the following year, and [[Order of the Holy Spirit|prelate-commander of the Order of the Holy Spirit]] in 1753.
On the death in 1756 of his uncle, [[Armand de Rohan-Soubise]], he was appointed to succeed him as [[Bishop of Strasbourg]], a post which carried with it the title of [[Prince-Bishopric of Strassburg | Prince]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] (though most of [[Prince-Bishopric of Strassburg | the principality]]'s territory situated on the left bank of the [[Rhine]] had been annexed by [[France]] in the late 17th century) and likewise the title of Count of Alsace. However, he was not made [[Grand Almoner of France]], unlike other members of the [[House of Rohan| Rohan family]] who became bishops of [[List of bishops, prince-bishops and archbishops of Strasbourg |Strasbourg]].

He was created cardinal by [[Pope Clement XIII]] at the Consistory of 23 November 1761. However, he did not take part in the [[conclave of 1769]], summoned upon the death of Pope Clement XIII, nor in the [[conclave of 1774-1775]], summoned upon the death of [[Pope Clement XIV]].

His cousin and successor as Cardinal Prince-[[Bishop of Strasbourg]], [[Louis-René de Rohan| Louis-René-Édouard de Rohan-Guémené]], would be compromised in the [[Affair of the Diamond Necklace]].

== Coat of arms ==
{{Main|House of Rohan|l1=Armorial of the Rohan family}}

'''[[Blazon]] :'''
[[Image:Blason Louis Constantin de Rohan (1697-1779).svg|thumb|left|120px]]
''Quarterly: in 1 and 4: from gules to a strip of silver loaded with a cotice of Vert; In 2 and 3: Gules to the silver band rubbed with two blossoms of the same (which is [[Basse-Alsace]]); On the whole, quartered: in 1 and 4: Gules with golden chains placed in orle, cross and saltire, loaded in the heart of an emerald in the natural (which is [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] ); In 2 and 3: Azure with fleur-de-lys of gold; On the whole: part: in 1: Gules with nine twins , laid 3, 3, 3 (which is Rohan ); And in 2 of ermine (which is from Brittany ).''

'''Comments:'''
[[File:Louis Constantin de Rohan-Montbazon Muenze.jpg|thumb|centre|220px]]

== Bibliography ==
* Louis Châtellier, "Louis-César-Constantin de Rohan", ''New dictionary of Alsatian biography'' , vol. 32, p.&nbsp;3268
* Jean-Claude Fauveau, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOL7LW8kGYC ''Prince Louis, Cardinal de Rohan-Guéméné, or the Diamonds of the King''] on ''Google Books'' , Éditions L'Harmattan, 2007, <abbr>p. </abbr> 31
* Michel Popoff and preface by Hervé Pinoteau, Paris, Leopard d'or,1996, 204 <abbr>p. </abbr><small>( {{ISBN|2-86377-140-X}} )</small> ;

== Related articles ==
* [[House of Rohan]]
* [[Palais Rohan, Strasbourg]]
* [[Cardinals created by Clement XIII]]
* [[List of bishops, prince-bishops and archbishops of Strasbourg]]

== External links ==
On other Wikimedia projects:
* Louis-Constantin de Rohan, on Wikimedia Commons
* ''Authority Records'' :[[viaf:89087959|Virtual International Authority File]] •[http://www.idref.fr/121974383 University Documentation System] •[http://d-nb.info/gnd/100588204 Gemeinsame Normdatei]
* [http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1761.htm#Rohan Card of Rohan-Guéméné on the site '''fiu.edu''']<small> [ archive ]</small>


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
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| before= [[Armand de Rohan-Soubise]]
| before= [[Armand de Rohan-Soubise]]
| title= [[Bishop of Strasbourg]]
| title= [[Bishop of Strasbourg]]
| after= [[Louis René Édouard de Rohan|Louis René Édouard de Rohan-Guéméné]]
| years= 1756-1779
}}
{{Succession box
| before= [[Armand de Rohan-Soubise]]
| title= [[Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg]]
| after= [[Louis René Édouard de Rohan|Louis René Édouard de Rohan-Guéméné]]
| after= [[Louis René Édouard de Rohan|Louis René Édouard de Rohan-Guéméné]]
| years=1756-1779
| years=1756-1779
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{{end}}
{{end}}


{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= France}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rohan, Louis Constantin de}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rohan, Louis Constantin de}}
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[[Category:1779 deaths]]
[[Category:1779 deaths]]
[[Category:Bishops of Strasbourg]]
[[Category:Bishops of Strasbourg]]
[[Category:French cardinals]]
[[Category:18th-century French cardinals]]
[[Category:House of Rohan|Louis Constantin de Rohan]]
[[Category:House of Rohan|Louis Constantin de Rohan]]
[[Category:People from Paris]]
[[Category:Clergy from Paris]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Holy Spirit]]

Latest revision as of 06:46, 9 January 2024

His Eminence

Louis-César-Constantin de Rohan

COHS
Cardinal, Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg
DioceseDiocese of Strasbourg
SeeStrasbourg Cathedral
Installed23 September 1756
Term ended11 March 1779
PredecessorArmand de Rohan-Soubise
SuccessorLouis René Édouard de Rohan-Guéméné
Orders
ConsecrationMarch 16, 1757
by Frédéric de La Rochefoucauld
Created cardinal23 November 1761
by Pope Clement XIII
RankCardinal of the Catholic Church
Personal details
Born(1697-03-24)24 March 1697
Paris, Kingdom of France
Died11 March 1779(1779-03-11) (aged 81)
Paris, Kingdom of France
ParentsCharles III de Rohan
Charlotte-Elisabeth de Cochefilet
Coat of armsLouis-César-Constantin de Rohan's coat of arms

Louis César Constantin de Rohan (24 March 1697, Paris – 11 March 1779, Paris) was a French prelate of the House of Rohan.

Biography

[edit]

Origin and youth

[edit]
Louis-Constantin de Rohan
Louis-Constantin de Rohan

Louis Caesar Constantine de Rohan-Guemène belonged to the House of Rohan, an ancient and powerful family of the nobility of Brittany which dates back to the xi th century. Son of Charles III de Rohan, cousin of Armand-Gaston-Maximilien de Rohan and his second wife, Charlotte-Elisabeth de Cochefilet (1657-1719), he is the fourteenth and last child of the couple. His brother Armand-Jules de Rohan-Guémené, future archbishop of Reims, had chosen the ecclesiastical state. Louis-César-Constantin de Rohan embraced at first the career of arms. He was first a Knight of Malta before entering the navy as a naval officer. He was promoted to capitaine de vaisseau in 1720.

Career in the Church

[edit]

In 1732, at the age of 35, he and entered upon an ecclesiastical career, being named canon and grand provost of Strasbourg. In 1734 he was appointed commendatory Abbot of Lyre Abbey, near Evreux, then first chaplain to the King in 1748, commendatory Abbot of Saint-Epvre the following year, and prelate-commander of the Order of the Holy Spirit in 1753. On the death in 1756 of his uncle, Armand de Rohan-Soubise, he was appointed to succeed him as Bishop of Strasbourg, a post which carried with it the title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire (though most of the principality's territory situated on the left bank of the Rhine had been annexed by France in the late 17th century) and likewise the title of Count of Alsace. However, he was not made Grand Almoner of France, unlike other members of the Rohan family who became bishops of Strasbourg.

He was created cardinal by Pope Clement XIII at the Consistory of 23 November 1761. However, he did not take part in the conclave of 1769, summoned upon the death of Pope Clement XIII, nor in the conclave of 1774-1775, summoned upon the death of Pope Clement XIV.

His cousin and successor as Cardinal Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg, Louis-René-Édouard de Rohan-Guémené, would be compromised in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace.

Coat of arms

[edit]
Main article: Armorial of the Rohan family

Blazon :

Quarterly: in 1 and 4: from gules to a strip of silver loaded with a cotice of Vert; In 2 and 3: Gules to the silver band rubbed with two blossoms of the same (which is Basse-Alsace); On the whole, quartered: in 1 and 4: Gules with golden chains placed in orle, cross and saltire, loaded in the heart of an emerald in the natural (which is Navarre ); In 2 and 3: Azure with fleur-de-lys of gold; On the whole: part: in 1: Gules with nine twins , laid 3, 3, 3 (which is Rohan ); And in 2 of ermine (which is from Brittany ).

Comments:

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Louis Châtellier, "Louis-César-Constantin de Rohan", New dictionary of Alsatian biography , vol. 32, p. 3268
  • Jean-Claude Fauveau, Prince Louis, Cardinal de Rohan-Guéméné, or the Diamonds of the King on Google Books , Éditions L'Harmattan, 2007, p. 31
  • Michel Popoff and preface by Hervé Pinoteau, Paris, Leopard d'or,1996, 204 p. ( ISBN 2-86377-140-X ) ;
[edit]
[edit]

On other Wikimedia projects:

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Bishop of Strasbourg
1756-1779 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg
1756-1779 		Succeeded by
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