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{{Short description|Species of fungus}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
⚫
| name = ''Pycnoporus sanguineus''
| image = Pycnoporus_sanguineus_RS.jpg
| regnum = [[Fungi]]
⚫
| genus = Pycnoporus
| phylum = [[Basidiomycota]]
⚫
| species = sanguineus
| classis = [[Basidiomycetes]]
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[William Murrill|Murrill]] (1904)
| subclassis = [[Agaricomycetidae]]
| ordo = [[Polyporales]]
⚫
| familia = [[Polyporaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Pycnoporus]]''
⚫
| species = '''''P. sanguineus'''''
| binomial = ''Pycnoporus sanguineus''
| binomial_authority = (L.) Murrill, (1904)
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
''Boletus ruber'' <small>Lam., (1783)</small><br>
*''Boletus ruber'' <small>Lam. (1783)</small>
''Boletus sanguineus'' <small>L., (1763)</small><br>
*''Boletus sanguineus'' <small>L. (1763)</small>
''Coriolus sanguineus'' <small>(L.) G. Cunn., (1949)</small><br>
*''Coriolus sanguineus'' <small>(L.) G.Cunn. (1949)</small>
''Fabisporus sanguineus'' <small>(L.) Zmitr., (2001)</small><br>
*''Fabisporus sanguineus'' <small>(L.) Zmitr. (2001)</small>
''Microporus sanguineus'' <small>(L.) Pat., (1900)</small><br>
*''Microporus sanguineus'' <small>(L.) Pat. (1900)</small>
''Polyporus sanguineus'' <small>(L.) Fr., (1821)</small><br>
*''Polyporus sanguineus'' <small>(L.) Fr. (1821)</small>
''Polystictus sanguineus'' <small>(L.) G. Mey., (1818)</small><br>
*''Polystictus sanguineus'' <small>(L.) G.Mey. (1818)</small>
''Trametes cinnabarina var. sanguinea'' <small>(L.) Pilát, (1936)</small><br>
*''Trametes cinnabarina var. sanguinea'' <small>(L.) Pilát (1936)</small>
''Trametes sanguinea'' <small>(L.) Imazeki, (1943)</small><br>
*''Trametes sanguinea'' <small>(L.) Imazeki (1943)</small>
''Trametes sanguinea'' <small>(L.) Lloyd, (1924)</small>
*''Trametes sanguinea'' <small>(L.) Lloyd (1924)</small>
}}{{Mycomorphbox
| name = ''{{PAGENAME}}''{{italic title}}
| hymeniumType = pores
| capShape = convex
| whichGills = decurrent
| stipeCharacter = bare
| sporePrintColor = white
| ecologicalType = saprotrophic
| howEdible = inedible
| ecologicalType2 = parasitic
}}
}}
'''''Pycnoporus sanguineus''''' is a [[White_rot#White_rot|white rot]] [[saprobic]] [[fungus]]. It was discovered on [[Guana Island]] (part of the [[Virgin Islands]]) but occurs throughout the tropics and subtropics, usually growing on dead [[hardwood]]s. It grows in the form of a thin dry conk with a lateral attachment to its [[Substrate (biology)|substrate]], or sometimes a very short [[Stipe (mycology)|stipe]]. The cap is orange-red to orange, lightening to salmon/buff in age. It has concentric zonation, and is finely [[wikt:tomentose|tomentose]] to nearly [[Glabrousness#In botany|glabrous]]. The pores on the underside are round, measuring 5-6 per mm with tubes up to 2mm deep. It is inedible due to its tough texture.<ref name="De">{{Cite book| url =https://archive.org/details/denuttigeplanten01heyn/page/150/mode/2up?view=theater| title =De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch-Indië, tevens synthetische catalogus der verzamelingen van het Museum voor Technische- en Handelsbotanie te Buitenzorg| last =Heyne| first =K. | publisher =Batavia, Ruygrok| location =Museum voor Economische Botanie (Bogor, Indonesia)| year =1913|isbn=|pages =7}} al 8 Agustus 2023</ref>


'''''Pycnoporus sanguineus''''' is a plant pathogen. It was discovered on [[Guana Island]], part of the [[Virgin Islands]].
It is also a tree pathogen infecting species of [[Platanus]] and [[Mangifera]].


==Description==
Pycnoporus sanguineus is also the biological name of the 'red fungus'. This is a mushroom like plant, which has its name from its red coloring.
''Pycnoporus sanguineus'' is used for both industrial and medicinal purposes throughout the world.{{cn|date=May 2018}} A pigment extracted from the caps called cinnabarin is used in textile industries for the partial and complete de-colorization of certain dyes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smânia |first1=A. |last2=Marques |first2=C. J. S. |last3=Smânia |first3=E. F. A. |last4=Zanetti |first4=C. R. |last5=Carobrez |first5=S. G. |last6=Tramonte |first6=R. |last7=Loguercio-Leite |first7=C. |date=27 October 2003 |title=Toxicity and antiviral activity of cinnabarin obtained from Pycnoporus sanguineus (Fr.) Murr: TOXICITY AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF CINNABARIN |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.1304 |journal=Phytotherapy Research |language=en |volume=17 |issue=9 |pages=1069–1072 |doi=10.1002/ptr.1304|pmid=14595589 |s2cid=31803533 }}</ref> Other industrial uses of this species include testing methods for wood treatment products and enzymes used in bio-remediation for the breakdown of crude oils.{{cn|date=May 2018}} Traditional medicinal uses were first utilized by natives in surrounding areas{{where|date=May 2018}} of this species. Medicinal uses of ''P. sanguineus'' help relieve symptoms of the following diseases: arthritis, gout, styptic, sore throats, ulcers, tooth aches, fevers, and hemorrhages.{{cn|date=May 2018}} ''P. sanguineus'' also displays numerous anti-bacterial properties against ''E. coli'', ''K. pneumoniae'', ''P. aeruginosa'', ''S. typhi'', and ''S. aureus'' by inhibiting specific metabolic pathways.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smânia |first1=A. |last2=Monache |first2=F. Delle |last3=Smânia |first3=E. F. A. |last4=Gil |first4=M. L. |last5=Benchetrit |first5=L. C. |last6=Cruz |first6=F. S. |date=1995-03-01 |title=Antibacterial activity of a substance produced by the fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus (Fr.) Murr. |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741%2894%2901212-I |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |language=en |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=177–181 |doi=10.1016/0378-8741(94)01212-I |pmid=7623481 |issn=0378-8741}}</ref> Currently, ''P. sanguineus'' is being used in medicine for the absorption of certain heavy metals contained within the blood stream.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zulfadhly |first1=Z. |last2=Mashitah |first2=M. D. |last3=Bhatia |first3=S. |date=2001-05-01 |title=Heavy metals removal in fixed-bed column by the macro fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749100001366 |journal=Environmental Pollution |language=en |volume=112 |issue=3 |pages=463–470 |doi=10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00136-6 |pmid=11291452 |issn=0269-7491}}</ref>


== External links ==
* [http://www.cortland.edu/nsf/lodpysa.HTML Taxa Listing]
* [http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp Index Fungorum]
* [http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases USDA ARS Fungal Database]
* [http://www.junglephotos.com/amazon/amplants/fungi/fungi.shtml]
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references />
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== Further reading ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pycnoporus Sanguineus}}
* M. D. Mashitah, Z. Zulfadhfy, S. Bhatla. Ability of Pycnoporus sanguineus to Remove Copper Ions from Aqueous Solution. ''Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes and Biotechnology'', Jan 1999, Vol. 27, No. 5-6, Pages 429–433.
⚫
[[Category:Plant pathogens and diseases]]
* M. D. Mashitah, Z. Zulfadhly, S. Bhatta. Binding Mechanism of Heavy Metals Biosorption by Pycnoporus sanguineus. ''Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes and Biotechnology'', Jan 1999, Vol. 27, No. 5-6, Pages 441–445.
⚫
[[Category:Polyporaceae]]
* Blanchette, R.A. 1988. Resistance of hardwood vessels to degradation by white rot Basidiomycetes. ''Can. J. Bot.'' 66: 1841–1847. Centre for Research in Fungal Diversity, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1316813}}

⚫
[[Category:Polyporaceae]]
⚫
[[Category:Fungal tree pathogens and diseases]]
[[Category:Mango tree diseases]]
[[Category:Fungi described in 1763]]
⚫
[[Category:Fungus species]]


⚫
{{Basidiomycota-stub}}
{{plant-disease-stub}}


⚫
{{Polyporales-stub}}
[[zh:血紅密孔菌]]

Latest revision as of 04:33, 10 January 2024

Pycnoporus sanguineus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Polyporales
Family: Polyporaceae
Genus: Pycnoporus
Species:
P. sanguineus
Binomial name
Pycnoporus sanguineus
(L.) Murrill (1904)
Synonyms
  • Boletus ruber Lam. (1783)
  • Boletus sanguineus L. (1763)
  • Coriolus sanguineus (L.) G.Cunn. (1949)
  • Fabisporus sanguineus (L.) Zmitr. (2001)
  • Microporus sanguineus (L.) Pat. (1900)
  • Polyporus sanguineus (L.) Fr. (1821)
  • Polystictus sanguineus (L.) G.Mey. (1818)
  • Trametes cinnabarina var. sanguinea (L.) Pilát (1936)
  • Trametes sanguinea (L.) Imazeki (1943)
  • Trametes sanguinea (L.) Lloyd (1924)
Pycnoporus sanguineus
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Pores on hymenium
Cap is convex
Hymenium is decurrent
Stipe is bare
Spore print is white
Ecology is saprotrophic or parasitic
Edibility is inedible

Pycnoporus sanguineus is a white rot saprobic fungus. It was discovered on Guana Island (part of the Virgin Islands) but occurs throughout the tropics and subtropics, usually growing on dead hardwoods. It grows in the form of a thin dry conk with a lateral attachment to its substrate, or sometimes a very short stipe. The cap is orange-red to orange, lightening to salmon/buff in age. It has concentric zonation, and is finely tomentose to nearly glabrous. The pores on the underside are round, measuring 5-6 per mm with tubes up to 2mm deep. It is inedible due to its tough texture.[1]

It is also a tree pathogen infecting species of Platanus and Mangifera.

Description

[edit]

Pycnoporus sanguineus is used for both industrial and medicinal purposes throughout the world.[citation needed] A pigment extracted from the caps called cinnabarin is used in textile industries for the partial and complete de-colorization of certain dyes.[2] Other industrial uses of this species include testing methods for wood treatment products and enzymes used in bio-remediation for the breakdown of crude oils.[citation needed] Traditional medicinal uses were first utilized by natives in surrounding areas[where?] of this species. Medicinal uses of P. sanguineus help relieve symptoms of the following diseases: arthritis, gout, styptic, sore throats, ulcers, tooth aches, fevers, and hemorrhages.[citation needed] P. sanguineus also displays numerous anti-bacterial properties against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, and S. aureus by inhibiting specific metabolic pathways.[3] Currently, P. sanguineus is being used in medicine for the absorption of certain heavy metals contained within the blood stream.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Heyne, K. (1913). De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch-Indië, tevens synthetische catalogus der verzamelingen van het Museum voor Technische- en Handelsbotanie te Buitenzorg. Museum voor Economische Botanie (Bogor, Indonesia): Batavia, Ruygrok. p. 7. al 8 Agustus 2023
  2. ^ Smânia, A.; Marques, C. J. S.; Smânia, E. F. A.; Zanetti, C. R.; Carobrez, S. G.; Tramonte, R.; Loguercio-Leite, C. (27 October 2003). "Toxicity and antiviral activity of cinnabarin obtained from Pycnoporus sanguineus (Fr.) Murr: TOXICITY AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF CINNABARIN". Phytotherapy Research. 17 (9): 1069–1072. doi:10.1002/ptr.1304. PMID 14595589. S2CID 31803533.
  3. ^ Smânia, A.; Monache, F. Delle; Smânia, E. F. A.; Gil, M. L.; Benchetrit, L. C.; Cruz, F. S. (1995-03-01). "Antibacterial activity of a substance produced by the fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus (Fr.) Murr". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 45 (3): 177–181. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(94)01212-I. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 7623481.
  4. ^ Zulfadhly, Z.; Mashitah, M. D.; Bhatia, S. (2001-05-01). "Heavy metals removal in fixed-bed column by the macro fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus". Environmental Pollution. 112 (3): 463–470. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00136-6. ISSN 0269-7491. PMID 11291452.

Further reading

[edit]
  • M. D. Mashitah, Z. Zulfadhfy, S. Bhatla. Ability of Pycnoporus sanguineus to Remove Copper Ions from Aqueous Solution. Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes and Biotechnology, Jan 1999, Vol. 27, No. 5-6, Pages 429–433.
  • M. D. Mashitah, Z. Zulfadhly, S. Bhatta. Binding Mechanism of Heavy Metals Biosorption by Pycnoporus sanguineus. Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes and Biotechnology, Jan 1999, Vol. 27, No. 5-6, Pages 441–445.
  • Blanchette, R.A. 1988. Resistance of hardwood vessels to degradation by white rot Basidiomycetes. Can. J. Bot. 66: 1841–1847. Centre for Research in Fungal Diversity, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.


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