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{{peacock|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}

{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = priest
| type = priest
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| native_name_lang =
| native_name_lang =
| title =
| title =
| image = Cremona-Lapide a Primo Mazzolari.jpg
| image = Primo Mazzolari.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| image_size =
| alt = Bust that Municipality of Cremona dedicated to father Primo Mazzolari
| alt = Monument to Father Primo Mazzolari erected by the Municipality of Cremona
| caption =
| caption =
| church = [[Catholic Church]]
| church = [[Catholic Church]]
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| birth_name = Primo Mazzolari
| birth_name = Primo Mazzolari
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1890|1|13}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1890|1|13}}
| birth_place = [[Cremona]], [[Italy]]
| birth_place = [[Cremona]], Italy
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1959|4|12|1890|1|13|}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1959|4|12|1890|1|13|}}
| death_place = [[Bozzolo]], [[Italy]]
| death_place = [[Bozzolo]], Italy
| buried = St Peter's church, Bozzolo
| buried = St Peter's church, Bozzolo
| nationality = Italian
| nationality = Italian
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| signature =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = Template-Priest.svg
| coat_of_arms =
| coat_of_arms_alt =
| coat_of_arms_alt =
<!---------- Sainthood ---------->
<!---------- Sainthood ---------->
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}}
}}


'''Primo Mazzolari''' (13 January 1890 – 12 April 1959), best known as '''don Primo''', was an [[Italians|Italian]] [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He was also a [[Partisan (military)|partisan]] and [[writer]] who established the review ''Adesso'' ("Now") in 1949.
'''Primo Mazzolari''' (13 January 1890 – 12 April 1959), best known as '''don Primo''', was an Italian [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He was also a [[Partisan (military)|partisan]] and writer who established the review ''Adesso'' ("Now") in 1949.


Known as the priest of [[Bozzolo]], he was one of the most striking people of Italian Catholicism in the first part of the [[20th century]].{{who|date=November 2016}} His thoughts anticipated some of the orientations of the [[Second Vatican Council]], especially about the "''Church of the Poor''", religious freedom, and pluralism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vatican.va/news_services/or/or_quo/cultura/081q05a1.html |title=Che fatica star dietro a quel prete|publisher=''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''| date= 8 April 2009 |accessdate=16 November 2016}}</ref>
Known as the priest of [[Bozzolo]], his thoughts anticipated some of the orientations of the [[Second Vatican Council]], especially about the "''Church of the Poor''", religious freedom, and pluralism.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/or/or_quo/cultura/081q05a1.html |title=Che fatica star dietro a quel prete|newspaper=[[L'Osservatore Romano]]| date= 8 April 2009 |accessdate=16 November 2016}}</ref>


From the beginning of the 1950s, don Primo developed a social thought close to the disadvantaged classes (where no one lives apart from charity) and pacifism, which earned him the critics and sanctions from ecclesiastical authorities and led him to a marginalization in his own parish of Bozzolo.
From the start of the 1950s, don Primo developed a social doctrine with empathy towards the disadvantaged (where a lot of people depend on charity) and pacifism, which earned him criticism and sanctions from the ecclesiastical authorities and led to his being marginalized in his own parish of Bozzolo.


In 1955, with the anonymous publication of ''Tu non uccidere'' (You, don't kill), don Primo attacked the [[Just War Theory Doctrine|doctrine of just war]] and the ideology of victory, in the name of nonviolence, to support a Movement "''... of Christian resistance against war ...''" and for justice and peace.
In 1955, in the anonymous publication ''Tu non-uccidere'' (You, don't kill), don Primo attacked the [[Just War Theory Doctrine|doctrine of just war]] and the ideology of victory, in the name of nonviolence, and in support of a Movement "... of Christian resistance against war ..." and for justice and peace.


It was only at the end of 1950s, in the last months of his life, that don Primo began to receive the first approbation of the ecclesiastical hierarchy. In November 1957, the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan|archbishop of Milan]] Montini, future pope [[Paul VI]], called him to preach in his diocese.
It was only at the end of the 1950s, in the last months of his life, that don Primo began to receive the first approval of the ecclesiastical authorities. In November 1957, the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan|archbishop of Milan]] Montini, future Pope [[Paul VI]], called on him to preach in his diocese.


In February [[1959]], pope [[John XXIII]] received him in a private audience and publicly called him as "''Tromba dello spirito santo nella Bassa Padana''" (Trumpet of the [[Holy Spirit]] in Bassa Padana).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://azionecattolica.it/mazzolari-resistenza-e-costruire-luomo|title=Mazzolari: Resistenza è "costruire l'uomo"|publisher=Azione Cattolica Italiana| date= 22 April 2015 |accessdate=16 November 2016}}</ref>
In February 1959, Pope [[John XXIII]] received him in a private audience and publicly called him the "''Tromba dello spirito santo nella Bassa Padana''" (Trumpet of the [[Holy Spirit]] in Bassa Padana).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://azionecattolica.it/mazzolari-resistenza-e-costruire-luomo|title=Mazzolari: Resistenza è "costruire l'uomo"|publisher=Azione Cattolica Italiana| date= 22 April 2015 |accessdate=16 November 2016}}</ref>

On 20 June 2017, [[Pope Francis]] visited Bozzolo and gave a speech and prayed at Primo Mazzolari's tomb, meeting with members of Fondazione (Foundation) Mazzolari, including its head and the head of its academic committee. The occasion was part of a one-day helicopter pilgrimage of the Pope to two locations in Italy: to Bozzolo, and then to [[Barbiana]], a parish associated with the work of the priest-educationalist and conscientious objector [[Lorenzo Milani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2017/06/20/0427/00960.html|title = Pellegrinaggio del Santo Padre Francesco sulle tombe di Don Primo Mazzolari e di Don Lorenzo Milani (I)}}</ref>


== Life ==
== Life ==


[[Image:Cremona-Lapide a Primo Mazzolari.jpg|thumb|left|Plaque commemorating Mazzolari in [[Cremona]].]]
⚫
Born in 1890, he was ordained a priest by bishop Giacinto Gaggia in 1912. In 1915 he was soldier during the [[First World War]] and became a [[military chaplain]] in 1918.

⚫
Born in 1890, he was ordained a priest by bishop Giacinto Gaggia in 1912. In 1915 he was a soldier during the [[First World War]] and became a [[military chaplain]] in 1918.


On 1921 he was appointed parson in Cicognara, hamlet of of [[Viadana]], in Lombardy. In 1925 he was denounced by the [[fascists]] because he refused to sing the [[Te Deum]] after the attempted attack against [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]] by [[Tito Zaniboni]].
In 1921 he was appointed parish priest in Cicognara, a hamlet of [[Viadana, Lombardy|Viadana]], in Lombardy. In 1925 he was denounced by the fascists because he refused to sing the [[Te Deum]] after the attempted attack on [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]] by [[Tito Zaniboni]].


On the night of 1 August 1931, he was called from outside of his presbytery and was shot at twice by a revolver; both bullets missed.
On the night of 1 August 1931, someone called to the priest from outside his presbytery; when he came out two revolver shots were fired at him, but both missed.


On 1932, he was transferred to the parish of [[Bozzolo]], where he spent the rest of his life.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.30giorni.it/articoli_id_20834_l1.htm|title=Profilo biografico di don Primo Mazzolari (1890-1959)|publisher=30giorni.it| date= 1 March 2009 |accessdate=16 November 2016}}</ref>
In 1932, he was transferred to the parish of [[Bozzolo]], where he spent the rest of his life.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.30giorni.it/articoli_id_20834_l1.htm|title=Profilo biografico di don Primo Mazzolari (1890–1959)|publisher=30giorni.it| date= 1 March 2009 |accessdate=16 November 2016}}</ref>


After 8 September [[1943]], he was active in the struggle for liberation and encouraged young people to participate. He saved people from deportation. In July 1944, he was imprisoned by the police, then released. He was forced by the fascists to live in a clandestine manner until [[Liberation Day (Italy)|25 April 1945]].
From 8 September 1943, he was active in the struggle to liberate Italy and encouraged young people to participate. He saved many people from deportation. In July 1944, he was imprisoned by the police and then released. The fascists forced him to live in an isolated manner until [[Liberation Day (Italy)|25 April 1945]].


After the [[Second World War]], the [[ANPI|National Association of the Partisans of Italy]] of [[Cremona]] granted him the title of [[Partisan (military)|partisan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anpi.it/donne-e-uomini/533/don-primo-mazzolari|title=Donne e uomini della Resistenza - Don Primo Mazzolari|publisher=ANPI| date= 25 July 2010 |accessdate=16 November 2016}}</ref>
After the [[Second World War]], the [[ANPI|National Association of the Partisans of Italy]] of [[Cremona]] granted him the title of [[Partisan (military)|partisan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anpi.it/donne-e-uomini/533/don-primo-mazzolari|title=Donne e uomini della Resistenza – Don Primo Mazzolari|publisher=ANPI| date= 25 July 2010 |accessdate=16 November 2016}}</ref>


== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
* ''Il mio parroco. Confidenze di un povero prete di campagna'' (1932, Dehoniane)
* ''Il mio parroco. Confidenze di un povero prete di campagna'' (1932, Dehoniane)
* ''La più bella avventura. Sulla traccia del &#039;prodigo&#039;'' (1934, Dehoniane)
* ''La più bella avventura. Sulla traccia del 'prodigo{{'}}'' (1934, Dehoniane)
* ''Lettera sulla parrocchia. Invito alla discussione'' (1937, Dehoniane)
* ''Lettera sulla parrocchia. Invito alla discussione'' (1937, Dehoniane)
* ''Il samaritano. Elevazioni per gli uomini del nostro tempo'' (1938, Dehoniane)
* ''Il samaritano. Elevazioni per gli uomini del nostro tempo'' (1938, Dehoniane)
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* ''La pieve sull'argine'' (1952, Dehoniane)
* ''La pieve sull'argine'' (1952, Dehoniane)
* ''Il segno dei chiodi'' (1954, Dehoniane)
* ''Il segno dei chiodi'' (1954, Dehoniane)
* ''La parola che non passa'' (1954, Dehoniane)
* ''La parola che non-passa'' (1954, Dehoniane)
* ''Tu non uccidere'' (1955, San Paolo)
* ''Tu non-uccidere'' (1955, San Paolo)
* ''La parrocchia'' (1957, La Locusta)
* ''La parrocchia'' (1957, La Locusta)
* ''I preti sanno morire'' (1958, Dehoniane)
* ''I preti sanno morire'' (1958, Dehoniane)
* ''La Carità Del Papa, Pio XII e la ricostruzione dell'Italia'', (Edizioni Paoline, 1991)
* ''La Carità del Papa, Pio XII e la ricostruzione dell'Italia'', (Edizioni Paoline, 1991)
* ''Della Fede'' (1943; re-edit. 2013 EDB)
* ''Della Fede'' (1943; re-edit. 2013 EDB)


== Filmography ==
== Filmography ==
The Italian fictional TV series, ''L'uomo dell'argine'' speaks about don Primo's life.
The Italian fictional TV series ''L'uomo dell'argine'' is about don Primo's life.

In the Italian mini-series ''[[Paul VI: The Pope in the Tempest]]'', [[Sergio Tardioli]] plays Mazzolari.<ref name="Rai">{{cite web |title=Sergio Tardioli |url=https://www.rai.it/dl/RaiTV/programmi/media/ContentItem-5417cce0-b2ea-4957-95bc-9b53872567ce.html#p= |website=Rai |access-date=14 June 2022 |language=it |date=2008-11-28}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Bozzolo-Chiesa S. Pietro.jpg|St Peter's church, in Bozzolo, where don Primo is interred
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* {{it}} [http://www.fondazionemazzolari.it Primo Mazzolari Foundation]
* {{in lang|it}} [http://www.fondazionemazzolari.it Primo Mazzolari Foundation]
* {{it}} [http://www.mymovies.it/dizionario/recensione.asp?id=37831 ''L'uomo dell'argine'' on mymovies.it]
* {{in lang|it}} [http://www.mymovies.it/dizionario/recensione.asp?id=37831 ''L'uomo dell'argine'' on mymovies.it]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1890 births]]
[[Category:1890 births]]
[[Category:1959 deaths]]
[[Category:1959 deaths]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Clergy from Cremona]]
[[Category:People from Cremona]]
[[Category:Italian resistance movement members]]
[[Category:Italian resistance members]]
[[Category:Italian male journalists]]
⚫
[[Category:Italian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian male writers]]
⚫
[[Category:20th-century Italian journalists]]
[[Category:Writers from Cremona]]

Latest revision as of 13:10, 10 January 2024

The Reverend Father

Primo Mazzolari
Monument to Father Primo Mazzolari erected by the Municipality of Cremona
ChurchCatholic Church
Orders
Ordination24 August 1912
Personal details
Born
Primo Mazzolari

(1890-01-13)13 January 1890
Cremona, Italy
Died12 April 1959(1959-04-12) (aged 69)
Bozzolo, Italy
BuriedSt Peter's church, Bozzolo
NationalityItalian
DenominationCatholic (Latin Church)
Ordination history of
Primo Mazzolari
History
Priestly ordination
Ordained byBishop Giacinto Gaggia
Date24 August 1912
PlaceVerolanuova

Primo Mazzolari (13 January 1890 – 12 April 1959), best known as don Primo, was an Italian priest of the Catholic Church. He was also a partisan and writer who established the review Adesso ("Now") in 1949.

Known as the priest of Bozzolo, his thoughts anticipated some of the orientations of the Second Vatican Council, especially about the "Church of the Poor", religious freedom, and pluralism.[1]

From the start of the 1950s, don Primo developed a social doctrine with empathy towards the disadvantaged (where a lot of people depend on charity) and pacifism, which earned him criticism and sanctions from the ecclesiastical authorities and led to his being marginalized in his own parish of Bozzolo.

In 1955, in the anonymous publication Tu non-uccidere (You, don't kill), don Primo attacked the doctrine of just war and the ideology of victory, in the name of nonviolence, and in support of a Movement "... of Christian resistance against war ..." and for justice and peace.

It was only at the end of the 1950s, in the last months of his life, that don Primo began to receive the first approval of the ecclesiastical authorities. In November 1957, the archbishop of Milan Montini, future Pope Paul VI, called on him to preach in his diocese.

In February 1959, Pope John XXIII received him in a private audience and publicly called him the "Tromba dello spirito santo nella Bassa Padana" (Trumpet of the Holy Spirit in Bassa Padana).[2]

On 20 June 2017, Pope Francis visited Bozzolo and gave a speech and prayed at Primo Mazzolari's tomb, meeting with members of Fondazione (Foundation) Mazzolari, including its head and the head of its academic committee. The occasion was part of a one-day helicopter pilgrimage of the Pope to two locations in Italy: to Bozzolo, and then to Barbiana, a parish associated with the work of the priest-educationalist and conscientious objector Lorenzo Milani.[3]

Life

[edit]
Plaque commemorating Mazzolari in Cremona.

Born in 1890, he was ordained a priest by bishop Giacinto Gaggia in 1912. In 1915 he was a soldier during the First World War and became a military chaplain in 1918.

In 1921 he was appointed parish priest in Cicognara, a hamlet of Viadana, in Lombardy. In 1925 he was denounced by the fascists because he refused to sing the Te Deum after the attempted attack on Mussolini by Tito Zaniboni.

On the night of 1 August 1931, someone called to the priest from outside his presbytery; when he came out two revolver shots were fired at him, but both missed.

In 1932, he was transferred to the parish of Bozzolo, where he spent the rest of his life.[4]

From 8 September 1943, he was active in the struggle to liberate Italy and encouraged young people to participate. He saved many people from deportation. In July 1944, he was imprisoned by the police and then released. The fascists forced him to live in an isolated manner until 25 April 1945.

After the Second World War, the National Association of the Partisans of Italy of Cremona granted him the title of partisan.[5]

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Il mio parroco. Confidenze di un povero prete di campagna (1932, Dehoniane)
  • La più bella avventura. Sulla traccia del 'prodigo' (1934, Dehoniane)
  • Lettera sulla parrocchia. Invito alla discussione (1937, Dehoniane)
  • Il samaritano. Elevazioni per gli uomini del nostro tempo (1938, Dehoniane)
  • I lontani. Motivi di apostolato avventuroso (1938, Dehoniane)
  • Tra l'argine e il bosco (1938, Dehoniane)
  • La via crucis del povero (1938, Dehoniane)
  • Tempo di credere (1941, Dehoniane; re-edit. 2010 EDB)
  • Anch'io voglio bene al Papa (1942, Dehoniane)
  • Dietro la Croce (1942, Dehoniane)
  • Impegno con Cristo (1943, Dehoniane)
  • La Samaritana (1944, Dehoniane)
  • Il compagno Cristo. Vangelo del reduce (1945, Dehoniane)
  • La pieve sull'argine (1952, Dehoniane)
  • Il segno dei chiodi (1954, Dehoniane)
  • La parola che non-passa (1954, Dehoniane)
  • Tu non-uccidere (1955, San Paolo)
  • La parrocchia (1957, La Locusta)
  • I preti sanno morire (1958, Dehoniane)
  • La Carità del Papa, Pio XII e la ricostruzione dell'Italia, (Edizioni Paoline, 1991)
  • Della Fede (1943; re-edit. 2013 EDB)

Filmography

[edit]

The Italian fictional TV series L'uomo dell'argine is about don Primo's life.

In the Italian mini-series Paul VI: The Pope in the Tempest, Sergio Tardioli plays Mazzolari.[6]

[edit]
  • St Peter's church, in Bozzolo, where don Primo is interred
    St Peter's church, in Bozzolo, where don Primo is interred

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Che fatica star dietro a quel prete". L'Osservatore Romano. 8 April 2009. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  2. ^ "Mazzolari: Resistenza è "costruire l'uomo"". Azione Cattolica Italiana. 22 April 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  3. ^ "Pellegrinaggio del Santo Padre Francesco sulle tombe di Don Primo Mazzolari e di Don Lorenzo Milani (I)".
  4. ^ "Profilo biografico di don Primo Mazzolari (1890–1959)". 30giorni.it. 1 March 2009. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  5. ^ "Donne e uomini della Resistenza – Don Primo Mazzolari". ANPI. 25 July 2010. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  6. ^ "Sergio Tardioli". Rai (in Italian). 28 November 2008. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
[edit]
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