Tilletia controversa: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Pathogenic fungus}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| taxon = Tilletia controversa |
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| regnum = [[Fungi]] |
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| phylum = [[Basidiomycota]] |
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| classis = [[Exobasidiomycetes]] |
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| subclassis = [[Exobasidiomycetidae]] |
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| ordo = [[Tilletiales]] |
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| familia = [[Tilletiaceae]] |
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| genus = ''[[Tilletia]]'' |
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| species = '''''T. controversa''''' |
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| binomial = ''Tilletia controversa'' |
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| synonyms = |
| synonyms = |
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''Tilletia brevifaciens'' <small>G.W. Fisch., (1952)</small><br> |
''Tilletia brevifaciens'' <small>G.W. Fisch., (1952)</small><br /> |
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''Tilletia nanifica'' <small>(F. Wagner) Savul., (1956)</small><br> |
''Tilletia nanifica'' <small>(F. Wagner) Savul., (1956)</small><br /> |
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''Tilletia tritici var. controversa'' <small>(J.G. Kühn) Kawchuk, (1988)</small><br> |
''Tilletia tritici var. controversa'' <small>(J.G. Kühn) Kawchuk, (1988)</small><br /> |
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''Tilletia tritici-nanifica'' <small>F. Wagner, (1950)</small |
''Tilletia tritici-nanifica'' <small>F. Wagner, (1950)</small> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''''Tilletia controversa''''' is a plant pathogen. It is a |
'''''Tilletia controversa''''' is a [[fungal plant pathogen]]. It is a fungus known to cause the [[Smut (fungus)|smut]] disease '''TCK smut''' in [[soft white winter wheat|soft white]] and [[hard red winter wheat|hard red]] winter wheats. It stunts the growth of the plants and leaves [[smut balls]] in the grain heads. When the grain is [[Mill (grinding)|milled]] the smut balls emit a fishy odor that lowers the quality of the [[wheat flour|flour]]. |
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TCK smut exists in the western and northwestern United States, but is not considered a major problem. The disease took on policy significance because [[China]] applied a [[zero tolerance (trade)|zero tolerance]] on the presence of TCK spores, resulting in a ban from 1974 to 1999 on shipments from the [[Pacific Northwest]]. Until the summer of 1996, China accepted shipments of U.S. wheat from the [[Gulf Coast]], and negotiated price discounts with the shippers to cover the cost of decontamination if traces of TCK were found. Then in June 1996, China rejected all cargoes of U.S. wheat with traces of TCK. The November 1999 [[U.S.-China Agricultural Cooperation Agreement]] removes the ban and allows imports of U.S. wheat and other grains that meet a specific TCK tolerance level, thus improving the competitiveness of U.S. wheat with [[Canada|Canadian]] and [[Australia]]n exports. |
TCK smut exists in the western and northwestern United States, but is not considered a major problem. The disease took on policy significance because [[China]] applied a [[zero tolerance (trade)|zero tolerance]] on the presence of TCK spores, resulting in a ban from 1974 to 1999 on shipments from the [[Pacific Northwest]]. Until the summer of 1996, China accepted shipments of U.S. wheat from the [[Gulf Coast]], and negotiated price discounts with the shippers to cover the cost of decontamination if traces of TCK were found. Then in June 1996, China rejected all cargoes of U.S. wheat with traces of TCK. The November 1999 [[U.S.-China Agricultural Cooperation Agreement]] removes the ban and allows imports of U.S. wheat and other grains that meet a specific TCK tolerance level, thus improving the competitiveness of U.S. wheat with [[Canada|Canadian]] and [[Australia]]n exports. |
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== |
== Symptomology == |
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Presents in the [[dough stage]].<ref name = "Guidelines" > |
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{{ Cite book |
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| first2 = H. |
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| first1 = M. |
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| pages = 42 |
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| year = 2016 |
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| last2 = Muminjanov |
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| last1 = Koyshibayev |
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| title = Guidelines For Monitoring Diseases, Pests And Weeds In Cereal Crops |
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| publisher = [[FAO]] |
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| isbn = 978-92-5-109180-7 |
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}} |
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</ref>{{ RP | page = 8 }} |
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== References == |
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*[http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp Index Fungorum]<br> |
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{{Reflist}} |
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*[http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases USDA ARS Fungal Database]<br> |
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== External links == |
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*{{CRS|article = Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition|url = http://ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/05jun/97-905.pdf|author= Jasper Womach}} |
*{{CRS|article = Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition|url = http://ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/05jun/97-905.pdf|author= Jasper Womach}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q7802811}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tilletia Controversa}} |
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[[Category:Wheat diseases]] |
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[[Category:Ustilaginomycotina]] |
[[Category:Ustilaginomycotina]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Fungi described in 1874]] |
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[[Category:Fungus species]] |
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{{Ustilaginomycotina-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 17:00, 10 January 2024
Tilletia controversa | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Exobasidiomycetes |
Order: | Tilletiales |
Family: | Tilletiaceae |
Genus: | Tilletia |
Species: | T. controversa
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Binomial name | |
Tilletia controversa J.G. Kühn, (1874)
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Synonyms | |
Tilletia brevifaciens G.W. Fisch., (1952) |
Tilletia controversa is a fungal plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats. It stunts the growth of the plants and leaves smut balls in the grain heads. When the grain is milled the smut balls emit a fishy odor that lowers the quality of the flour.
TCK smut exists in the western and northwestern United States, but is not considered a major problem. The disease took on policy significance because China applied a zero tolerance on the presence of TCK spores, resulting in a ban from 1974 to 1999 on shipments from the Pacific Northwest. Until the summer of 1996, China accepted shipments of U.S. wheat from the Gulf Coast, and negotiated price discounts with the shippers to cover the cost of decontamination if traces of TCK were found. Then in June 1996, China rejected all cargoes of U.S. wheat with traces of TCK. The November 1999 U.S.-China Agricultural Cooperation Agreement removes the ban and allows imports of U.S. wheat and other grains that meet a specific TCK tolerance level, thus improving the competitiveness of U.S. wheat with Canadian and Australian exports.
Symptomology
[edit]Presents in the dough stage.[1]: 8
References
[edit]- ^ Koyshibayev, M.; Muminjanov, H. (2016). Guidelines For Monitoring Diseases, Pests And Weeds In Cereal Crops. FAO. p. 42. ISBN 978-92-5-109180-7.
External links
[edit]- This article incorporates public domain material from Jasper Womach. Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition (PDF). Congressional Research Service.