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[[Image:Atmosphere model.png|thumb|right|280px|NRLMSISE output]]
[[Image:Atmosphere model.png|thumb|right|280px|NRLMSISE output]]


'''NRLMSISE-00''' is an [[empirical]], global [[Mathematical model|model]] of the [[Earth's atmosphere]] from ground to space.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Picone|first=J. M.|last2=Hedin|first2=A. E.|last3=Drob|first3=D. P.|last4=Aikin|first4=A. C.|date=2002-12-01|title=NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2002JA009430/abstract|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics|language=en|volume=107|issue=A12|pages=1468|doi=10.1029/2002JA009430|issn=2156-2202|bibcode=2002JGRA..107.1468P}}</ref> It models the [[temperature]]s and [[density|densities]] of the atmosphere's components. A primary use of this model is to aid predictions of [[satellite]] orbital decay due to [[atmospheric drag]]. This model has also been used by astronomers to calculate the mass of air between telescopes and laser beams in order to assess the impact of [[laser guide stars]] on the non-lasing telescopes.<ref>Coulson, Dolores M. & Roth, Katherine C., Adaptive Optics Systems II. Edited by Ellerbroek, Brent L.; Hart, Michael; Hubin, Norbert; Wizinowich, Peter L. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 7736, pp. 773652-773652-9 (2010)</ref>
'''NRLMSISE-00''' is an [[empirical]], global [[reference atmospheric model]] of the Earth from ground to space.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Picone|first1=J. M.|last2=Hedin|first2=A. E.|last3=Drob|first3=D. P.|last4=Aikin|first4=A. C.|date=2002-12-01|title=NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics|language=en|volume=107|issue=A12|pages=1468|doi=10.1029/2002JA009430|issn=2156-2202|bibcode=2002JGRA..107.1468P|hdl=2060/20020038771|hdl-access=free}}</ref> It models the [[temperature]]s and [[density|densities]] of the atmosphere's components. A primary use of this model is to aid predictions of [[satellite]] orbital decay due to [[atmospheric drag]]. This model has also been used by astronomers to calculate the mass of air between telescopes and laser beams in order to assess the impact of [[laser guide stars]] on the non-lasing telescopes.<ref>Coulson, Dolores M. & Roth, Katherine C., Adaptive Optics Systems II. Edited by Ellerbroek, Brent L.; Hart, Michael; Hubin, Norbert; Wizinowich, Peter L. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 7736, pp. 773652-773652-9 (2010)</ref>


==Development==
==Development==
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''NRL'' stands for the [[US Naval Research Laboratory]]. MSIS<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=85741076&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch|title=Trademark Status & Document Retrieval|website=tsdr.uspto.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-02-10}}</ref> stands for mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter radar, the two primary data sources for development of earlier versions of the model. ''E'' indicates that the model extends from the ground through [[exosphere]] and ''00'' is the year of release.
''NRL'' stands for the [[US Naval Research Laboratory]]. MSIS<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=85741076&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch|title=Trademark Status & Document Retrieval|website=tsdr.uspto.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-02-10}}</ref> stands for mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter radar, the two primary data sources for development of earlier versions of the model. ''E'' indicates that the model extends from the ground through [[exosphere]] and ''00'' is the year of release.


Over the years since introduction, NRLMSISE-00 has become the standard for international space research.{{cn|date=February 2017}}
Over the years since introduction, NRLMSISE-00 has become the standard for international space research.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrl.navy.mil/ssd/branches/7630/modeling-upper-atmosphere|title=Empirical Modeling of the Upper Atmosphere: NRLMSISE-00, HWM07, and G2S {{!}} Space Science Division|website=www.nrl.navy.mil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211130429/https://www.nrl.navy.mil/ssd/branches/7630/modeling-upper-atmosphere|access-date=2019-11-24|archive-date=2016-12-11}}</ref>


==Input and output==
==Input and output==
The inputs for the model are;
The inputs for the model are:
* Year and day
* Year and day
* time of day
* time of day
* [[altitude|geodetic altitude]] from 0 to 1.000 km
* [[altitude|geodetic altitude]] from 0 to 1,000 km
* [[latitude|geodetic latitude]]
* [[latitude|geodetic latitude]]
* [[longitude]]
* [[longitude]]
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* Daily [[magnetic index]]
* Daily [[magnetic index]]


Output of the model is;
The outputs of the model are:
* [[Helium]] [[number density]]
* [[Helium]] [[number density]]
* [[Oxygen]](O) number density
* [[Oxygen]] (O) number density
* [[Oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>) number density
* [[Oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>) number density
* [[Nitrogen]] (N) number density
* [[Nitrogen]] (N) number density
* [[Nitrogen]] (N<sub>2</sub>) number density
* [[Nitrogen]] (N<sub>2</sub>) number density
* [[Argon]] number density
* [[Argon]] (Ar) number density
* H [[Hydrogen]] number density
* [[Hydrogen]] (H) number density
* total mass density
* total mass density
* Anomalous oxygen number density
* Anomalous oxygen number density
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==See also==
==See also==
* [[Static atmospheric model]]
* [[Atmospheric models]]
* [[International Standard Atmosphere]] links to 1976 standard.
* [[International Standard Atmosphere]] links to 1976 standard.


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== External links ==
== External links ==
*[https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009430 Publication]
*[ftp://map.nrl.navy.mil/pub/nrl/NRLMSIS/NRLMSISE-00/ Fortran source code]
*[http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/modelweb/#atmo more atmosphere models from NASA]
*[https://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/modelweb/atmospheric/msis/nrlmsise00/ C and Fortran source code]
*[http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/modelweb/atmos/nrlmsise00.html publication]
*[http://www.brodo.de/english/pub/nrlmsise/ C source code]
*[http://pastebin.com/yA1Wi1rc MATLAB mex bridge]
*[http://pastebin.com/yA1Wi1rc MATLAB mex bridge]
*[https://github.com/graziano-giuliani/Meteostuff/tree/master/NRLMSIS_F90 F90 source code]
*[https://github.com/graziano-giuliani/Meteostuff/tree/master/NRLMSIS_F90 F90 source code]
*[https://gitlab.orekit.org/orekit/orekit/-/blob/master/src/main/java/org/orekit/models/earth/atmosphere/NRLMSISE00.java Java code] in [https://orekit.org Orekit] space dynamics library




[[Category:Atmosphere of Earth]]
[[Category:Atmosphere of Earth]]
[[Category:Government software]]

Latest revision as of 11:13, 11 January 2024

NRLMSISE output

NRLMSISE-00 is an empirical, global reference atmospheric model of the Earth from ground to space.[1] It models the temperatures and densities of the atmosphere's components. A primary use of this model is to aid predictions of satellite orbital decay due to atmospheric drag. This model has also been used by astronomers to calculate the mass of air between telescopes and laser beams in order to assess the impact of laser guide stars on the non-lasing telescopes.[2]

Development

[edit]

The model, developed by Mike Picone, Alan Hedin, and Doug Drob, is based on the earlier models MSIS-86 and MSISE-90, but updated with actual satellite drag data. It also predicts anomalous oxygen.

NRL stands for the US Naval Research Laboratory. MSIS[3] stands for mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter radar, the two primary data sources for development of earlier versions of the model. E indicates that the model extends from the ground through exosphere and 00 is the year of release.

Over the years since introduction, NRLMSISE-00 has become the standard for international space research.[4]

Input and output

[edit]

The inputs for the model are:

The outputs of the model are:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Picone, J. M.; Hedin, A. E.; Drob, D. P.; Aikin, A. C. (2002-12-01). "NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues". Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 107 (A12): 1468. Bibcode:2002JGRA..107.1468P. doi:10.1029/2002JA009430. hdl:2060/20020038771. ISSN 2156-2202.
  2. ^ Coulson, Dolores M. & Roth, Katherine C., Adaptive Optics Systems II. Edited by Ellerbroek, Brent L.; Hart, Michael; Hubin, Norbert; Wizinowich, Peter L. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 7736, pp. 773652-773652-9 (2010)
  3. ^ "Trademark Status & Document Retrieval". tsdr.uspto.gov. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
  4. ^ "Empirical Modeling of the Upper Atmosphere: NRLMSISE-00, HWM07, and G2S | Space Science Division". www.nrl.navy.mil. Archived from the original on 2016-12-11. Retrieved 2019-11-24.
[edit]
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