Satchinez swamps: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Nature reserve in Romania}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}} |
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{{Infobox protected area |
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{{unreferenced|date=February 2016}} |
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|name = Satchinez swamps |
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|alt_name = |
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|iucn_category = IV |
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|photo = |
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|photo_caption = |
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|map = Romania |
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|map_width = 200 |
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|relief = yes |
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|location = [[Satchinez]], [[Timiș County]], [[Romania]] |
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|coordinates = {{coord|45|56|47|N|21|3|12|E|display=inline,title}} |
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|area_ha = 1194 |
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|elevation_avg = {{convert|90|m|ft|abbr=on}} |
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|established = 1942, 1995, 2000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anpm.ro/documents/28351/70117614/Raport+privind+starea+mediului+in+judetul+Timis+-+aprilie+2022.pdf/99c2123b-8f06-4e3c-8f03-8123d71936ed |title=Raport privind starea mediului în județul Timiș |work=Agenția pentru Protecția Mediului Timiș |date=April 2022 |page=19}}</ref> |
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|governing_body = |
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|website = {{URL|https://www.mlastinilesatchinez.ro/}} |
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}} |
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The '''Satchinez swamps''', nicknamed the '''Banat delta''',<ref name="adevarul">{{cite web |url=https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/mlastinile-satchinez-paradisul-egretelor-starcilor-ajungeti-vizitati-locul-mirific-numit-delta-banatului-1_5bd31111df52022f75e2f6d0/index.html |title=Mlaștinile Satchinez, paradisul egretelor și al stârcilor. Cum ajungeți să vizitați locul mirific numit "Delta Banatului" |work=Adevărul |last=Both |first=Ștefan |date=27 October 2018}}</ref> form an ornithological reserve that spreads over 1,194 ha near [[Satchinez]], in [[Timiș County]], [[Romania]]. It was founded in 1942, at the proposal of the Romanian ornithologist {{ill|Dionisie Linția|ro}}. The Satchinez swamps concentrate 40% of Romania's [[avifauna]], being the second most important after the [[Danube Delta]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://satchinez.org/turism |title=Turism |work=Satchinez.org}}</ref> |
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== Geography == |
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The '''Satchinez swamps''' (or '''Banat delta'''; {{lang-ro|Mlaștinile Satchinez}}) form a ornithological nature reserveation that spreads over {{convert|242|ha}} near [[Satchinez]], in [[Timiș County]]. It was founded in 1942, at Dionisie Linția's proposal. The reservation was expanded to cover {{convert|1194|ha}} in 2002. The swamps of Satchinez were declared as a protected area in 1999, during the project [[Life Natura]]. The European Commission invested 3.5 million lei in the area. |
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The Satchinez swamps are located in Timiș County, about 25 km northwest of [[Timișoara]], in the immediate vicinity of Satchinez. From a geomorphological point of view, the site is at the contact of three plains with different morphological characters: Vinga Plain, Jimbolia (Torontal) Plain and Timiș Plain.<ref name="ananp">{{cite web |url=http://ananp.gov.ro/mlastina-satchinez/ |title=ROSCI0115 Mlaștina Satchinez și ariile naturale protejate conexe |work=Agenția Națională pentru Arii Naturale Protejate}}</ref> It has an area of 1,194 ha, of which 122 ha is the actual reserve, and 1,072 ha the mosaic-like buffer zone, which includes the Satchinez accumulation and a series of [[pond]]s.<ref name="plan">{{cite web |url=http://www.mlastinilesatchinez.ro/attachments/article/95/10%20PM%20Satchinez%2027mai2021%20CONSULTARI%20APM%20Tm.pdf |title=Planul de management al sitului Natura 2000 |work=Mlaștinile Satchinez |date=June 2021}}</ref>{{rp|7}} |
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The actual reserve occupies the meadow of the Ier (Apa Mare) River between Satchinez and Bărăteaz. In this sector the meadow has widths of 400 and 2,000 m, a very low average slope of only 4° and an average altitude of 90 m. This meadow, like all the river meadows in this region, is swampy and sprawls to the northeast inside the pre-mountain plain of Vinga, contrasting sharply with the wide interfluves covered with [[clay]]s and its [[loess]]oid deposits that reach north of Bărăteaz altitudes of up to 119 m. The meadow has the same characters to the south, in the divagation plain of Timiș, which is otherwise characterized by the presence of large swampy areas and abandoned meanders and brooks. |
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This natural habitat is a reminiscence of the old swamps that covered these lands until the 8th century. The lush vegetation represents a very good camouflage during the nesting season, and the reservation is home to large numbers of protected birds including the [[pied avocet]] (''Recurvirostra avosetta''), the [[little egret]] (''Egretta garzetta''), the [[great egret]] (''Egretta alba''), the [[black-winged stilt]] (''Himantopus himantopus''), the [[grey heron]] (''Ardea cinerea''), the [[squacco heron]] (''Ardeola ralloides''), the [[little bittern]] |
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(''Ixobrychus minutus''), the [[purple heron]] (''Ardea purpurea'') and the [[black-crowned night heron]] (''Nycticorax nycticorax''). |
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Foxes, rabbits, deers and wild boars can also be seen. |
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The Satchinez swamps, together with the lake complex, are considered a remnant of the former swamps, periodically flooded, which in the past occupied most of the Banat Plain.<ref name="ananp" /> Following the draining and damming works started in the first decades of the 18th century, they disappeared, so that the small swampy areas that have been preserved have become real oases that provide favorable conditions for the stopping or nesting of rare species of migratory waterfowl that cross the migration corridor in the west of the country. |
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The reservation can be visited between 15 April and 15 September, and during mild autumns, the reservation can be visited until October. |
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== |
== Ecosystems == |
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The site lies in the Mărășești–Râtu Lișului (Râtu Duțin) area, located between Satchinez and Bărăteaz, where there is a mixed colony of [[heron]]s and [[egret]]s and is characterized by the existence of permanent swamps that alternate with areas occupied by [[reed (plant)|reeds]], ponds, [[hay]]fields and [[willow]] patches. The biological potential of this reserve is underlined by the presence of over 100 species of protected birds at European level, of which 42 are endemic species. In addition, there are 93 species of aquatic and marsh plants, 10 plant associations and 875 species of insects.<ref name="adevarul" /> |
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{{reflist}} |
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The natural vegetation has suffered a major setback due to massive deforestation and fallow, but also transformations through drainage and replacement of species carried out in areas with excess humidity. The semi-natural environment is dominated by meadow vegetation formations. There are no natural ecosystems on the site, its entire surface being to a greater or lesser extent affected by landscaping works: [[arable land]], grazed or mowed meadows, drainage and irrigation canals, natural and artificial ponds. The vegetation of the canals is dominated by the shrub layer, represented by [[Cornus sanguinea|dogwood]], [[Crataegus monogyna|hawthorn]], [[Frangula alnus|buckthorn]], [[Ligustrum vulgare|privet]], [[Rosa canina|dog rose]] and [[Sambucus nigra|black elder]]. The meadows have been reduced to patches due to the expansion of arable land. They appear in meadows with species of ''[[Poa]]'' and ''[[clover|Trifolium]]''; in salt marshes with species of ''[[Salicornia]]'', ''[[Artemisia (plant)|Artemisia]]'' and ''[[Festuca]]''. Azonal vegetation is present near artificial ponds. The marshy vegetation is represented by [[Phragmites australis|reeds]], [[Typha|bulrushes]] and [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|club-rushes]].<ref name="plan" />{{rp|92}} |
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{{coord|45.9171|N|20.9955|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} |
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The fauna is divided into two main categories: the terrestrial fauna specific to the [[forest-steppe]] and the aquatic fauna specific to the lakes. The terrestrial fauna is of the Central European type. The forest-steppe species are mostly represented by rodents and ruminants – [[common vole|vole]], [[European ground squirrel|ground squirrel]], [[European hamster|hamster]], [[European hare|brown hare]], [[roe deer|roe]] and birds – [[common quail|quail]], [[grey partridge]], [[rook (bird)|rook]], [[common starling|starling]], [[Eurasian magpie|magpie]], etc. Wetland fauna is represented by fish, aquatic mammals, birds and reptiles: [[marsh frog]], [[European fire-bellied toad|fire-bellied toad]], [[steppe-runner]], [[European green lizard|green lizard]], [[grass snake]], [[mallard]]s, [[egret]]s, [[heron]]s and [[Eurasian coot|coots]].<ref name="plan" />{{rp|92}} |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Geography of Timiș County]] |
[[Category:Geography of Timiș County]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:02, 11 January 2024
| Satchinez swamps | |
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IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
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| Location | Satchinez, Timiș County, Romania |
| Coordinates | 45°56′47″N 21°3′12″E / 45.94639°N 21.05333°E |
| Area | 1,194 ha (4.61 sq mi) |
| Average elevation | 90 m (300 ft) |
| Established | 1942, 1995, 2000[1] |
| Website | www |
The Satchinez swamps, nicknamed the Banat delta,[2] form an ornithological reserve that spreads over 1,194 ha near Satchinez, in Timiș County, Romania. It was founded in 1942, at the proposal of the Romanian ornithologist Dionisie Linția. The Satchinez swamps concentrate 40% of Romania's avifauna, being the second most important after the Danube Delta.[3]
Geography
[edit]The Satchinez swamps are located in Timiș County, about 25 km northwest of Timișoara, in the immediate vicinity of Satchinez. From a geomorphological point of view, the site is at the contact of three plains with different morphological characters: Vinga Plain, Jimbolia (Torontal) Plain and Timiș Plain.[4] It has an area of 1,194 ha, of which 122 ha is the actual reserve, and 1,072 ha the mosaic-like buffer zone, which includes the Satchinez accumulation and a series of ponds.[5]: 7
The actual reserve occupies the meadow of the Ier (Apa Mare) River between Satchinez and Bărăteaz. In this sector the meadow has widths of 400 and 2,000 m, a very low average slope of only 4° and an average altitude of 90 m. This meadow, like all the river meadows in this region, is swampy and sprawls to the northeast inside the pre-mountain plain of Vinga, contrasting sharply with the wide interfluves covered with clays and its loessoid deposits that reach north of Bărăteaz altitudes of up to 119 m. The meadow has the same characters to the south, in the divagation plain of Timiș, which is otherwise characterized by the presence of large swampy areas and abandoned meanders and brooks.
The Satchinez swamps, together with the lake complex, are considered a remnant of the former swamps, periodically flooded, which in the past occupied most of the Banat Plain.[4] Following the draining and damming works started in the first decades of the 18th century, they disappeared, so that the small swampy areas that have been preserved have become real oases that provide favorable conditions for the stopping or nesting of rare species of migratory waterfowl that cross the migration corridor in the west of the country.
Ecosystems
[edit]The site lies in the Mărășești–Râtu Lișului (Râtu Duțin) area, located between Satchinez and Bărăteaz, where there is a mixed colony of herons and egrets and is characterized by the existence of permanent swamps that alternate with areas occupied by reeds, ponds, hayfields and willow patches. The biological potential of this reserve is underlined by the presence of over 100 species of protected birds at European level, of which 42 are endemic species. In addition, there are 93 species of aquatic and marsh plants, 10 plant associations and 875 species of insects.[2]
The natural vegetation has suffered a major setback due to massive deforestation and fallow, but also transformations through drainage and replacement of species carried out in areas with excess humidity. The semi-natural environment is dominated by meadow vegetation formations. There are no natural ecosystems on the site, its entire surface being to a greater or lesser extent affected by landscaping works: arable land, grazed or mowed meadows, drainage and irrigation canals, natural and artificial ponds. The vegetation of the canals is dominated by the shrub layer, represented by dogwood, hawthorn, buckthorn, privet, dog rose and black elder. The meadows have been reduced to patches due to the expansion of arable land. They appear in meadows with species of Poa and Trifolium; in salt marshes with species of Salicornia, Artemisia and Festuca. Azonal vegetation is present near artificial ponds. The marshy vegetation is represented by reeds, bulrushes and club-rushes.[5]: 92
The fauna is divided into two main categories: the terrestrial fauna specific to the forest-steppe and the aquatic fauna specific to the lakes. The terrestrial fauna is of the Central European type. The forest-steppe species are mostly represented by rodents and ruminants – vole, ground squirrel, hamster, brown hare, roe and birds – quail, grey partridge, rook, starling, magpie, etc. Wetland fauna is represented by fish, aquatic mammals, birds and reptiles: marsh frog, fire-bellied toad, steppe-runner, green lizard, grass snake, mallards, egrets, herons and coots.[5]: 92
References
[edit]- ^ "Raport privind starea mediului în județul Timiș". Agenția pentru Protecția Mediului Timiș. April 2022. p. 19.
- ^ a b Both, Ștefan (27 October 2018). "Mlaștinile Satchinez, paradisul egretelor și al stârcilor. Cum ajungeți să vizitați locul mirific numit "Delta Banatului"". Adevărul.
- ^ "Turism". Satchinez.org.
- ^ a b "ROSCI0115 Mlaștina Satchinez și ariile naturale protejate conexe". Agenția Națională pentru Arii Naturale Protejate.
- ^ a b c "Planul de management al sitului Natura 2000" (PDF). Mlaștinile Satchinez. June 2021.