30-degree rule: Difference between revisions
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HeyElliott (talk | contribs) Adding local short description: "Basic film editing guideline", overriding Wikidata description "rule in film editing" |
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{{Short description|Basic film editing guideline}} |
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{{citation style|date=March 2016}} |
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{{refimprove|date=December 2017}} |
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[[File:The-30-degree-rule-and-stereo-vision.jpg|thumb| |
[[File:The-30-degree-rule-and-stereo-vision.jpg|thumb|The relationship between 30 degrees and the binocular human experience.]] |
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The '''30-degree rule''' is a basic [[film editing]] guideline that states the camera should move at least 30 degrees between shots of the same subject |
The '''30-degree rule''' is a basic [[film editing]] guideline that states the camera should move at least 30 [[Degree (angle)|degrees]] relative to the subject between successive shots of the same subject. If the camera moves less than 30 degrees, the transition between shots can look like a [[jump cut]]—which could jar the audience and take them out of the story. The audience might focus on the film technique rather than the narrative itself.<ref name="hollywoodlexicon">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodlexicon.com/thirtydegree.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201203707/http://www.hollywoodlexicon.com/thirtydegree.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-02-01|title=30 Degree Rule - Hollywood Lexicon}}</ref> |
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The 30 degree change of |
The 30 degree change of angle makes two successive shots different enough to not look like a jump cut. However, camera movement should stay on one side of the subject to follow the [[180-degree rule]]. |
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A similar principle applies to changing the focal length of the lens; a change of less than 20 mm while keeping the same angle of view has a similar perception, and the 30 degree rule is often called the "'''20 mm/30 degree rule'''" for this reason.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hurbis-Cherrier|first1=Mick|title=Voice & Vision|date=June 30, 2011|publisher=Focal Press; 2 edition|isbn=978-0240811581|pages=600|edition=2nd}}</ref> Although the [[axial cut]] does not follow the 30-degree guideline, effectively making it a specialized type of jump cut, its adherence to the 20mm rule has allowed it to gain an important place within [[classical continuity]]. |
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The legendary French filmmaker [[George Méliès]], producer of silent black-and-white film, made films before the 30 degree rule existed. George Méliès inspired succeeding filmmakers to heed this rule of angle when cutting between similar or nearly identical clips. When Mèliés himself made his famous ''[[A Trip to the Moon]]'' (1902) edited together film clips of the same framing and with the same angle, after changing the scene between the shots, to make it look like there was no cut at all. It was the world's first attempt to make special effects, made up of jump cuts.<ref name="hollywoodlexicon" /> |
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As Timothy Corrigan and Patricia White suggest in ''The Film Experience'', "The rule aims to emphasize the motivation for the cut by giving a substantially different view of the action. The transition between two shots less than 30 degrees apart might be perceived as unnecessary or |
As Timothy Corrigan and Patricia White suggest in ''The Film Experience'', "The rule aims to emphasize the motivation for the cut by giving a substantially different view of the action. The transition between two shots less than 30 degrees apart might be perceived as unnecessary or discontinuous—in short, visible."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Corrigan |last2=White|first1=Timothy |first2=Patricia|title=The Film Experience|date=2013|publisher=Bedford/St. Martin's|isbn=978-0312681708|edition=3rd}}</ref> Especially in post-continuity editing, there are some cases where jump cuts are used in [[Montage (filmmaking)|montage]] or for aesthetic effect, but generally filmmakers try to avoid them otherwise. |
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There are some cases where jump cuts are used to show a passage of time or used to achieve an aesthetic style but generally filmmakers try to avoid jump cuts. |
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| ⚫ | "[We] have difficulty accepting the kind of displacements that are neither subtle nor total: Cutting from a full-figure master shot, for instance, to a slightly tighter shot that frames the actors from the ankles up. The new shot in this case is different enough to signal that something has changed, but not different enough to make us re-evaluate its context." |
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The [[axial cut]] is a striking violation of this rule to obtain a certain effect.{{huh?|date=March 2016}} |
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== See also == |
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* [[film editing]] |
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* [[jump cut]] |
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* [[Continuity editing]] |
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* [[180-degree rule]] |
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* [[George Méliès]] |
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* [[A Trip to the Moon]] |
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* [[Walter Murch]] |
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* [[axial cut]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | {{blockquote|"[We] have difficulty accepting the kind of displacements that are neither subtle nor total: Cutting from a full-figure master shot, for instance, to a slightly tighter shot that frames the actors from the ankles up. The new shot in this case is different enough to signal that something has changed, but not different enough to make us re-evaluate its context."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Murch|first1=Walter|title=In the Blink of an Eye: A Perspective on Film Editing|date=2001|publisher=Silman-James Press|isbn=1879505622|pages=[https://archive.org/details/inblinkofeyepers00murc/page/146 146]|edition=2nd|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/inblinkofeyepers00murc/page/146}}</ref>}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<references /> |
<references /> |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.moviesaremade.com/editing-the-30-degree-rule-part-1/ "The 30-degree rule"], an article explaining the 30-degree rule in depth (showcasing examples and counterexamples from various films). |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181215123345/http://www.moviesaremade.com/editing-the-30-degree-rule-part-1/ "The 30-degree rule"], an article explaining the 30-degree rule in depth (showcasing examples and counterexamples from various films). |
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{{Continuity Editing}} |
{{Continuity Editing}} |
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[[Category:Cinematic techniques]] |
[[Category:Cinematic techniques]] |
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[[Category:Film editing]] |
[[Category:Film editing]] |
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{{film-term-stub}} |
{{film-term-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 01:32, 13 January 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2017) |
The 30-degree rule is a basic film editing guideline that states the camera should move at least 30 degrees relative to the subject between successive shots of the same subject. If the camera moves less than 30 degrees, the transition between shots can look like a jump cut—which could jar the audience and take them out of the story. The audience might focus on the film technique rather than the narrative itself.[1]
The 30 degree change of angle makes two successive shots different enough to not look like a jump cut. However, camera movement should stay on one side of the subject to follow the 180-degree rule.
A similar principle applies to changing the focal length of the lens; a change of less than 20 mm while keeping the same angle of view has a similar perception, and the 30 degree rule is often called the "20 mm/30 degree rule" for this reason.[2] Although the axial cut does not follow the 30-degree guideline, effectively making it a specialized type of jump cut, its adherence to the 20mm rule has allowed it to gain an important place within classical continuity.
As Timothy Corrigan and Patricia White suggest in The Film Experience, "The rule aims to emphasize the motivation for the cut by giving a substantially different view of the action. The transition between two shots less than 30 degrees apart might be perceived as unnecessary or discontinuous—in short, visible."[3] Especially in post-continuity editing, there are some cases where jump cuts are used in montage or for aesthetic effect, but generally filmmakers try to avoid them otherwise.
The 30 degree rule is a special case of a more general dictum that states that the cut is jarring if two shots are so similar in angle and distance that it appears there is no reason for the cut. In his book In The Blink of an Eye, editor Walter Murch states:
"[We] have difficulty accepting the kind of displacements that are neither subtle nor total: Cutting from a full-figure master shot, for instance, to a slightly tighter shot that frames the actors from the ankles up. The new shot in this case is different enough to signal that something has changed, but not different enough to make us re-evaluate its context."[4]
References
[edit]- ^ "30 Degree Rule - Hollywood Lexicon". Archived from the original on 2017-02-01.
- ^ Hurbis-Cherrier, Mick (June 30, 2011). Voice & Vision (2nd ed.). Focal Press; 2 edition. p. 600. ISBN 978-0240811581.
- ^ Corrigan, Timothy; White, Patricia (2013). The Film Experience (3rd ed.). Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN 978-0312681708.
- ^ Murch, Walter (2001). In the Blink of an Eye: A Perspective on Film Editing (2nd ed.). Silman-James Press. pp. 146. ISBN 1879505622.
External links
[edit]- "The 30-degree rule", an article explaining the 30-degree rule in depth (showcasing examples and counterexamples from various films).
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