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{{Short description|Russian biophysicist and physiologist}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Efim Liberman
| name = Efim Liberman
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| children = 9
| children = 9
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| work_institutions = [[Soviet Academy of Sciences]]
| work_institutions = [[Soviet Academy of Sciences]]
WWW.efim.liberman.net
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Efim’s third wife was Svetlana Vladimirovna Minina, a biophysicist and physiologist.<ref name=":0" /> They had six children, including daughters Anna (b. 1981) and Maria (b. 1978), sons Daniil (b. 1982), David (b. 1984), and Gavriil. [[Daniil and David Liberman|David and Daniil]] produced the TV show Mult Lichnosti on [[Channel One Russia]], which aired from 2009 to 2013. They are [[entrepreneur]]s and [[Organizational founder|founders]] of the venture capital fund Brothers Ventures and Frank.Money in [[the US]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Клан Либерманов: как одна семья прошла путь от «Первого» до Snapchat |url=https://www.rbc.ru/magazine/2018/11/5bc4ac629a79479b7d116acc |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Журнал РБК}}</ref>
Efim’s third wife was Svetlana Vladimirovna Minina, a biophysicist and physiologist.<ref name=":0" /> They had six children, including daughters Anna (b. 1981) and Maria (b. 1978), sons Daniil (b. 1982), David (b. 1984), and Gavriil. [[Daniil and David Liberman|David and Daniil]] produced the TV show Mult Lichnosti on [[Channel One Russia]], which aired from 2009 to 2013. They are [[entrepreneur]]s and [[Organizational founder|founders]] of the venture capital fund Brothers Ventures and Frank.Money in [[the US]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Клан Либерманов: как одна семья прошла путь от «Первого» до Snapchat |url=https://www.rbc.ru/magazine/2018/11/5bc4ac629a79479b7d116acc |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Журнал РБК}}</ref>

== Books ==
Dosimetry of Radioactive Isotopes. — M.: Medgiz, 1958. [Дозиметрия радиоактивных изотопов].

Generators and Pumps of the Cells. — M.: Znaniye, 1965. [«Генераторы» и «насосы» клетки ].

Electricity and Control of a Living Cell (together with S.V.Minina and N.E. Shklovsky-Kordi). — M.: Znaniye, 1978. [Электричество и управление живой клетки]

The Living Cell. — M.: Nauka, 1982. [Живая клетка]

The Brain as a System of Quantum Computers and the Way to Unification of the Sciences (together with S.V.Minina and N.E. Shklovsky-Kordi). — M.: AN USSR, Institute for Information Transmission Problems, 1987. [Мозг как система квантовых компьютеров и путь к объединению наук]

How a Living Cell Works Kak rabotayet zhivaya kletka. — M.: Znaniye, 1990. [Как работает живая клетка]

== Academic journals and publications ==
Liberman, E.A. (1957). "On the character of information entering the brain of a frog over one nerve fiber from two receptors of the retina". Biofizika (''Moscow). 2 (4):'' pp. 427-430 (in Russian) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Scholar |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Experimental%20testing%20of%20the%20role%20of%20cytoskeleton%20in%20the%20solution%20by%20neurons%20of%20problems%20facing%20the%20brain&publication_year=2008&author=E.A.%20Liberman&author=S.V.%20Minina&author=D.A.%20Moshkov&author=I.M.%20Santaloa&author=I.A.%20Chistopolskiy&author=N.E.%20Shklovskiy-Kordi |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref>

Liberman, E.A. (1969). "Hypothesis about the role of cell membrane in the cell controlling systems". Moscow-Kaunas, pp. 147-15.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Scholar |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Hypothesis%20about%20the%20role%20of%20cell%20membrane%20in%20the%20cell%20controlling%20systems&publication_year=1969&author=E.A.%20Liberman |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref>

Liberman, E.A. (1972). "Cell as a molecular computer (MCC)". Biofizika (''Moscow)''. 17: pp. 979-993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Scholar |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Cell%20as%20a%20molecular%20computer |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref>

Liberman, E.A. (1972). "Ionic and electronic transport through membranes and possible role of these processes in the operating of cell molecular computer". Proceedings of IV International Biophysical Congress, Nauka, Moscow, pp. 360-394.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Scholar |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Ionic%20and%20electronic%20transport%20through%20membranes%20and%20possible%20role%20of%20these%20processes%20in%20the%20operating%20of%20cell%20molecular%20computer&publication_year=1972&author=E.A.%20Liberman |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref>

Liberman E.A. (1974). "Cell as a molecular computer (MCC). IV. Price of action is a value characterizing the "difficulty" of the problem solution for the computer". Biofizika (''Moscow)''. 19: pp. 152-155.

Liberman, E. A. (1979-08-01). "Analog-digital molecular cell computer". ''Biosystems''. '''11''' (2): 111–124. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1016/0303-2647(79)90005-4. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;0303-2647.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liberman |first=E. A. |date=1979-08-01 |title=Analog-digital molecular cell computer |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0303264779900054 |journal=Biosystems |language=en |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=111–124 |doi=10.1016/0303-2647(79)90005-4 |issn=0303-2647}}</ref>

Liberman, E.A. (1979-12-01). "Biological physics and the physics of the real world". ''Biosystems''. '''11''' (4): 323–327. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1016/0303-2647(79)90032-7. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;0303-2647.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liberman |first=Efim |date=1979-12-01 |title=Biological physics and the physics of the real world |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0303264779900327 |journal=Biosystems |language=en |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=323–327 |doi=10.1016/0303-2647(79)90032-7 |issn=0303-2647}}</ref>

Liberman, E. A.; Topaly, V. P. (1968-09-17). "Selective transport of ions through bimolecular phospholipid membranes". ''Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes''. '''163''' (2): 125–136. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1016/0005-2736(68)90089-8. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;0005-2736. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liberman |first=E. A. |last2=Topaly |first2=V. P. |date=1968-09-17 |title=Selective transport of ions through bimolecular phospholipid membranes |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0005273668900898 |journal=Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes |language=en |volume=163 |issue=2 |pages=125–136 |doi=10.1016/0005-2736(68)90089-8 |issn=0005-2736}}</ref>

Liberman, E. A.; Minina, S. V.; Shklovsky-Kordy, N. E.; Conrad, Michael (1982-01-01). "Microinjection of cyclic nucleotides provides evidence for a diffusional mechanism of intraneuronal control". ''Biosystems''. '''15''' (2): 127–132. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1016/0303-2647(82)90026-0. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;0303-2647.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liberman |first=E. A. |last2=Minina |first2=S. V. |last3=Shklovsky-Kordy |first3=N. E. |last4=Conrad |first4=Michael |date=1982-01-01 |title=Microinjection of cyclic nucleotides provides evidence for a diffusional mechanism of intraneuronal control |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0303264782900260 |journal=Biosystems |language=en |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=127–132 |doi=10.1016/0303-2647(82)90026-0 |issn=0303-2647}}</ref>

Liberman, E. A.; Minina, S. V.; Mjakotina, O. L.; Shklovsky-Kordy, N. E.; Conrad, Michael (1985-07-08). "Neuron generator potentials evoked by intracellular injection of cyclic nucleotides and mechanical distension". ''Brain Research''. '''338''' (1): 33–44. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90245-8. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;0006-8993.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liberman |first=E. A. |last2=Minina |first2=S. V. |last3=Mjakotina |first3=O. L. |last4=Shklovsky-Kordy |first4=N. E. |last5=Conrad |first5=Michael |date=1985-07-08 |title=Neuron generator potentials evoked by intracellular injection of cyclic nucleotides and mechanical distension |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0006899385902458 |journal=Brain Research |language=en |volume=338 |issue=1 |pages=33–44 |doi=10.1016/0006-8993(85)90245-8 |issn=0006-8993}}</ref>

Liberman, E.A.; Minina, S.V.; Myakotina O.L., Mamikonova T.A., Tsofina L.M. and Shklovski-Kordi N.E. (1988). "Unusual biochemistry of changes in neuron membrane permeability evoked by cAMP". ''FEBS Letters''. '''236''' (2): 445–449. 1988-08-29. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1016/0014-5793(88)80074-7. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;0014-5793.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1988-08-29 |title=Unusual biochemistry of changes in neuron membrane permeability evoked by cAMP |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0014579388800747 |journal=FEBS Letters |language=en |volume=236 |issue=2 |pages=445–449 |doi=10.1016/0014-5793(88)80074-7 |issn=0014-5793}}</ref>

Liberman, E. A.; Minina, S. V.; Shklovsky-Kordi, N. E. (1989-01-01). "Quantum molecular computer model of the neuron and a pathway to the union of the sciences". ''Biosystems''. '''22''' (2): 135–154. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1016/0303-2647(89)90042-7. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;0303-2647.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liberman |first=E. A. |last2=Minina |first2=S. V. |last3=Shklovsky-Kordi |first3=N. E. |date=1989-01-01 |title=Quantum molecular computer model of the neuron and a pathway to the union of the sciences |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0303264789900427 |journal=Biosystems |language=en |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=135–154 |doi=10.1016/0303-2647(89)90042-7 |issn=0303-2647}}</ref>

Liberman, E. A.; Minina, S. V. (1995-01-01). "Molecular quantum computer of neuron". ''Biosystems''. Proceeding of the 1993 Meeting of International Society for Molecular Electronics and Biocomputing. '''35''' (2): 203–207. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1016/0303-2647(94)01515-9. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;0303-2647.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liberman |first=E. A. |last2=Minina |first2=S. V. |date=1995-01-01 |title=Molecular quantum computer of neuron |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0303264794015159 |journal=Biosystems |series=Proceeding of the 1993 Meeting of International Society for Molecular Electronics and Biocomputing |language=en |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=203–207 |doi=10.1016/0303-2647(94)01515-9 |issn=0303-2647}}</ref>

Liberman, E. A.; Minina, S. V. (1996-01-01). "Cell molecular computers and biological information as the foundation of nature's laws". ''Biosystems''. Foundations of Information Science. '''38''' (2): 173–177. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1016/0303-2647(95)01588-4. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;0303-2647.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liberman |first=E. A. |last2=Minina |first2=S. V. |date=1996-01-01 |title=Cell molecular computers and biological information as the foundation of nature's laws |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0303264795015884 |journal=Biosystems |series=Foundations of Information Science |language=en |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=173–177 |doi=10.1016/0303-2647(95)01588-4 |issn=0303-2647}}</ref>

Liberman, E. A; Minina, S. V; Shklovski-Kordi, N. E (1998-04-01). "Biological information and laws of nature". ''Biosystems''. '''46''' (1): 103–106. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1016/S0303-2647(97)00086-5. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;0303-2647.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liberman |first=E. A |last2=Minina |first2=S. V |last3=Shklovski-Kordi |first3=N. E |date=1998-04-01 |title=Biological information and laws of nature |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264797000865 |journal=Biosystems |language=en |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=103–106 |doi=10.1016/S0303-2647(97)00086-5 |issn=0303-2647}}</ref>

Liberman, E. A.; Minina, S. V.; Moshkov, D. A.; Santalova, I. M.; Chistopolskiy, I. A.; Shklovski-Kordi, N. E. (2008-04-01). "Experimental testing of the role of cytoskeleton in the solution by neurons of problems facing the brain". ''Biochemistry (Moscow)''. '''73''' (4): 479–482. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1134/S0006297908040147. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;1608-3040.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liberman |first=E. A. |last2=Minina |first2=S. V. |last3=Moshkov |first3=D. A. |last4=Santalova |first4=I. M. |last5=Chistopolskiy |first5=I. A. |last6=Shklovski-Kordi |first6=N. E. |date=2008-04-01 |title=Experimental testing of the role of cytoskeleton in the solution by neurons of problems facing the brain |url=https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297908040147 |journal=Biochemistry (Moscow) |language=en |volume=73 |issue=4 |pages=479–482 |doi=10.1134/S0006297908040147 |issn=1608-3040}}</ref>

Minina, Svetlana V.; Shklovskiy-Kordi, Nikita E. (2022-07-01). "Neuron quantum computers and a way to unification of science: A compendium of Efim Liberman's scientific work". ''Biosystems''. '''217''': 104684. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104684. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;0303-2647.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Minina |first=Svetlana V. |last2=Shklovskiy-Kordi |first2=Nikita E. |date=2022-07-01 |title=Neuron quantum computers and a way to unification of science: A compendium of Efim Liberman's scientific work |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722000727 |journal=Biosystems |language=en |volume=217 |pages=104684 |doi=10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104684 |issn=0303-2647}}</ref>

Liberman, E. A. (2022). "On the way to a new science". ''Biosystems''. 215–216: 104647. 2022-06-01. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104647. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;0303-2647.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2022-06-01 |title=On the way to a new science |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722000399 |journal=Biosystems |language=en |volume=215-216 |pages=104647 |doi=10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104647 |issn=0303-2647}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:Scientists from Moscow‎]]
[[Category:Scientists from Moscow]]
[[Category:Soviet inventors]]
[[Category:Soviet inventors]]
[[Category:Soviet biophysicists]]
[[Category:Soviet biophysicists]]
[[Category:Human subject research in Russia]]
[[Category:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Soviet military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Soviet military personnel of World War II]]

Latest revision as of 18:28, 15 January 2024

Efim Liberman
Ефим Либерман
Born
Efim Arsentievich Liberman

(1925-02-01)1 February 1925
Moscow, USSR
Died3 September 2011(2011-09-03) (aged 86)
Jerusalem, Israel
CitizenshipSoviet Union, Israel
Alma materMoscow State University
SpouseSvetlana Minina
Children9
Scientific career
InstitutionsSoviet Academy of Sciences WWW.efim.liberman.net

Efim Arsentievich Liberman (February 1, 1925, Moscow – September 3, 2011, Jerusalem). Soviet and Russian biophysicist and physiologist, winner of the USSR State Prize (1975).

Biography

[edit]

Born into the family of the agronomist Azriil Alterovich Liberman (b. 1885), a native of Suwalki, Poland, and mathematics teacher Sima Khaimovna Izrael (b. 1895), a native of Bialystok, Poland.[1][2][3] From 1943 he fought in the Great Patriotic War as an assistant commander of a rifle platoon of the 31st Guards Rifle Division (Bryansk Front). Efim was seriously wounded during the war, and was awarded the For Valour medal for personal courage and bravery in battle.

Efim Liberman graduated from the Moscow State University’s Physics Department in 1949. He worked as a radio engineer at Design Bureau No. 1, and in 1951 he joined the Elemental Electric Coal Institute as a senior engineer. In 1953 he held a junior researcher position at the Institute of Roentgenology and Radiology.

From 1955 to 1967 he worked as a researcher at the USSR Academy of Sciences’ (now Russian Academy of Sciences) Institute of Biophysics. From 1967 to 2006 he was a researcher at the USSR Academy of Sciences’ Institute for Information Transmission Problems, becoming a chief researcher in 1994.[2]

In 1975, alongside V.P.Skulachev, L.M. Tsofina, and A. Yasaitis, he was awarded the USSR State Prize for a series of works studying molecular generators and electric current transformers.

In 1959 he was awarded the title Candidate in Physical and Mathematical Sciences. In 1963 he received a doctoral degree in Biological Sciences.[4]

Efim Liberman proposed the idea of a molecular computer as a cellular function (Cytomolecular Computing, 1972)[5][6][7] and, alongside Svetlana Minina, he developed the idea of the brain as a quantum molecular computer that processes information at the intracellular level.[8] Based on these ideas, he developed a unitary theory of physical and biological sciences.

Family

[edit]

Efim Liberman’s first wife was Varvara Viktorovna Shklovskaya-Kordi (b. 1927), a physicist and daughter of the writer Viktor Shklovsky. His son from his first marriage, Nikita Efimovich Shklovsky-Kordi (b. 1952) is a Сandidate of Biological Sciences, physiologist, and a leading researcher at the Russian Health Ministry’s Hematology Research Centre.

His second wife was Elena Borisovna Vershilova (b. 1937), daughter of theater director and teacher Boris Ilyich Vershilov (Westerman). They had two sons, Mikhail and Petr (Azriel).

Efim’s third wife was Svetlana Vladimirovna Minina, a biophysicist and physiologist.[2] They had six children, including daughters Anna (b. 1981) and Maria (b. 1978), sons Daniil (b. 1982), David (b. 1984), and Gavriil. David and Daniil produced the TV show Mult Lichnosti on Channel One Russia, which aired from 2009 to 2013. They are entrepreneurs and founders of the venture capital fund Brothers Ventures and Frank.Money in the US.[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Ефим Либерман — Хаиматика". efim.liberman.net. Retrieved 2022-05-25.
  2. ^ a b c "Либерман Ефим Арсентьевич". iitp.ru. Retrieved 2022-05-25.
  3. ^ "In memoriam: Е. А. Либерман. "Мика"". shkrobius.livejournal.com. Retrieved 2022-05-25.
  4. ^ "ЛИБЕРМАН Ефим Арсеньевич — Российская Еврейская Энциклопедия". www.rujen.ru. Retrieved 2022-05-25.
  5. ^ Liberman, E. A.; Minina, S. V. (1996-01-01). "Cell molecular computers and biological information as the foundation of nature's laws". Biosystems. Foundations of Information Science. 38 (2): 173–177. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(95)01588-4. ISSN 0303-2647. PMID 8734525.
  6. ^ Liberman, E. A.; Minina, S. V.; Shklovsky-Kordi, N. E. (1989-01-01). "Quantum molecular computer model of the neuron and a pathway to the union of the sciences". Biosystems. 22 (2): 135–154. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(89)90042-7. ISSN 0303-2647. PMID 2541828.
  7. ^ Conrad, Michael; Liberman, E. A. (1982-09-21). "Molecular computing as a link between biological and physical theory". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 98 (2): 239–252. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(82)90262-4. ISSN 0022-5193.
  8. ^ Hofkirchner, Wolfgang (1999). The Quest for a Unified Theory of Information: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Foundations of Information Science. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-90-5700-531-2.
  9. ^ "Клан Либерманов: как одна семья прошла путь от «Первого» до Snapchat". Журнал РБК. Retrieved 2022-05-25.
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