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{{Short description|Order of bacteria}}
{{Short description|Order of bacteria}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{italic title}}
| image = Corynebacterium ulcerans 01.jpg
{{Taxobox
| image_caption = ''[[Corynebacterium ulcerans]]'' colonies on a blood agar plate
| name = ''Actinobacteria'' (class)
| taxon = Mycobacteriales
| image = Actinomyces_israelii.jpg
| authority = Janke 1924 (Approved Lists 1980)<ref name="Janke">{{cite book | author = Janke A. | title = Allgemeine technische Mikrobiologie. I. Teil. Die Mikroorganismen. | trans-title = General Technical Microbiology. Part I. The Microorganisms. | edition = 1st | publisher = T. Steinkopf | location = Dresden and Leipzig | year = 1924}}</ref>
| image_caption = [[Scanning electron micrograph]] of ''[[Actinomyces israelii]]''.
| type_genus = ''[[Mycobacterium]]''
| color = lightgrey
| type_genus_authority = Lehmann and Neumann 1896 (Approved Lists 1980)
| regnum = [[Bacteria]]
| subdivision_ranks = Families<ref name="LPSN">{{cite web|vauthors=Euzéby JP, Parte AC |url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/order/mycobacteriales |title=''Mycobacteriales'' |access-date=June 7, 2021 |publisher=[[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN)}}</ref>
| phylum = [[Actinobacteria]]
| classis = [[Actinobacteria (class)|Actinobacteria]]
| ordo = '''''Mycobacteriales'''''
| ordo_authority = Janke 1924 (Approved Lists 1980)<ref name="Janke">{{cite book | author = Janke A. | title = Allgemeine technische Mikrobiologie. I. Teil. Die Mikroorganismen. | trans-title = General Technical Microbiology. Part I. The Microorganisms. | edition = 1st | publisher = T. Steinkopf | location = Dresden and Leipzig | year = 1924}}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Families<ref name="LPSN">{{cite web|authors=Euzéby JP, Parte AC. |url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/order/mycobacteriales |title=''Mycobacteriales'' |access-date=June 7, 2021 |publisher=[[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN)}}</ref>
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
* ''[[Corynebacteriaceae]]'' <small>Lehmann and Neumann 1907 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
* [[Corynebacteriaceae]]
* ''[[Dietziaceae]]'' <small>Rainey ''et al''. 1997</small>
* [[Dietziaceae]]
* ''[[Gordoniaceae]]'' <small>Rainey ''et al''. 1997</small>
* [[Gordoniaceae]]
* [[Hoyosellaceae]]
* ''[[Lawsonellaceae]]'' <small>Nouioui ''et al''. 2018</small>
* [[Lawsonellaceae]]
* ''[[Mycobacteriaceae]]'' <small>Chester 1897 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
* [[Mycobacteriaceae]]
* ''[[Nocardiaceae]]'' <small>Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Approved Lists 1980)</small>
* [[Nocardiaceae]]
* ''[[Segniliparaceae]]'' <small>Butler ''et al''. 2005</small>
* [[Segniliparaceae]]
* ''[[Tsukamurellaceae]]'' <small>Rainey ''et al''. 1997</small>
* [[Tomitellaceae]]
* [[Tsukamurellaceae]]
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
* ''Corynebacteriales'' <small>Goodfellow and Jones 2015</small>
* Corynebacteriales <small>Goodfellow and Jones 2015</small>
* ''Mycobacteriales'' <small>Cavalier-Smith 2002</small>
* Corynebacteriineae <small>corrig. Stackebrandt et al. 1997</small>
* "Mycobacteriineae" <small>Val-Calvo & Vazquez-Boland 2023</small>
}}
}}


The '''Mycobacteriales''' are an order of [[bacteria]].<ref name="Janke"/> The current description is genome-based, per Gupta 2019 emendation. Most members produce [[mycolic acids]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gupta |first1=Radhey S. |title=Commentary: Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria |journal=Frontiers in Microbiology |date=22 February 2019 |volume=10 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2019.00206 |quote=Mycolic acids are important constituents of the cell envelopes of most members.|doi-access=free |pmc=6395429 }}</ref>
The '''''Mycobacteriales''''' are an order of [[bacteria]].<ref name="Janke"/>


==Phylogeny==
==Phylogeny==
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the [[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN).<ref name="LPSN"/> The phylogeny is based on whole-genome analysis.<ref name="Nouioui">{{cite journal | authors = Nouioui I, Carro L, García-López M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk H-P, Goodfellow M, Markus Göker M. | year = 2018 | title = Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum ''Actinobacteria'' | journal = Front. Microbiol. | volume = 9 | pages = 2007 | pmid = 30186281 | pmc = 6113628 | doi = 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007}}</ref>
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the [[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN).<ref name="LPSN"/>


{| class="wikitable"
{{Clade | style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
|-
! colspan=1 | Whole-genome based phylogeny<ref name="Nouioui">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nouioui I, Carro L, García-López M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Markus Göker M | year = 2018 | title = Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum ''Actinobacteria'' | journal = Front. Microbiol. | volume = 9 | pages = 2007 | pmid = 30186281 | pmc = 6113628 | doi = 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007| doi-access = free }}</ref>
! colspan=1 | 16S rRNA based [[The All-Species Living Tree Project|LTP]]_08_2023<ref name=LTP>{{cite web|title=The LTP |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP| access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LTP_all tree in newick format|url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_08_2023.ntree |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LTP_08_2023 Release Notes| url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_08_2023_release_notes.pdf |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref>
! colspan=1 | 120 marker proteins based [[Genome Taxonomy Database|GTDB]] 08-RS214<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=GTDB release 08-RS214 |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="tree">{{cite web |title=bac120_r214.sp_label |url=https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release214/214.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r214.sp_labels.tree |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="taxon_history">{{cite web |title=Taxon History |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/ |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top|
{{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1='''''Mycobacteriales'''''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Cryptosporangiales]]
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Cryptosporangiaceae]]
}}
|1=''[[Segniliparaceae]]''
|2={{clade
|2=''[[Mycobacteriaceae]]''
|label1=[[Glycomycetales]]
}}
|1=[[Glycomycetaceae]] (incl. ?[[Phytomonosporaceae]])
|2=''[[Nocardiaceae]]''
|label2=[[Micromonosporales]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Actinocatenisporaceae]]
|2=[[Micromonosporaceae]] (incl. [[Actinoplanaceae|Actinoplanetaceae]])
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Jatrophihabitantales]]
|1=[[Jatrophihabitantaceae]]
|label2=[[Geodermatophilales]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Tsukamurellaceae]]''
|1=[[Antricoccaceae]]
|2=''[[Gordoniaceae]]''
|2=[[Geodermatophilaceae]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Lawsonellaceae]]''
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Nakamurellales]]
|1=[[Nakamurellaceae]]
}}
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Dietziaceae]]''
|label1=[[Pseudonocardiales]]
|2=''[[Corynebacteriaceae]]''
|1=[[Pseudonocardiaceae]] [incl. [[Actinopolysporaceae]]]
|label2=Mycobacteriales
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Lawsonellaceae]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Dietziaceae]]
|2=[[Corynebacteriaceae]]
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Tsukamurellaceae]]
|2=[[Gordoniaceae]]
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Hoyosellaceae]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Tomitellaceae]]
|2=''[[Rhodococcus]]''
}}
}}
|2=[[Nocardiaceae]]
}}
|2={{clade
|1=[[Segniliparaceae]]
|2=[[Mycobacteriaceae]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|label2=[[Outgroup (cladistics)|outgroup]]
|2=''[[Pseudonocardiales]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
|
{{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%
|1={{clade
|1={{Clade
|1=[[Streptosporangiales]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Propionibacteriales]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Jiangellales]]
|2={{Clade
|label1=[[Micromonosporales]]
|1={{Clade
|2=[[Micromonosporaceae]] (incl. [[Actinoplanaceae|Actinoplanetaceae]])
|1={{Clade
|1=[[Actinocatenisporaceae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Phytomonosporaceae]]
|2=[[Glycomycetaceae]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2={{Clade
|label1=[[Pseudonocardiales]]
|1=[[Pseudonocardiaceae]] (incl. [[Actinopolysporaceae]])
|label2=Mycobacteriales
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Segniliparaceae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=''[[Rhodococcus]]'' species-group 2
|2={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|1=''[[Rhodococcus]]''
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Gordoniaceae]]
|2=[[Nocardiaceae]]
}}
}}
|2={{Clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Dietziaceae]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Lawsonellaceae]]
|2=[[Corynebacteriaceae]]
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1=[[Tsukamurellaceae]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Tomitellaceae]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Hoyosellaceae]]
|2=[[Mycobacteriaceae]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|
{{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%
|label1=Mycobacteriales
|1={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|label1=Frankineae
|1=[[Frankiaceae]]
}}
|2={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|1=[[Jatrophihabitantaceae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Antricoccaceae]]
|2=[[Geodermatophilaceae]]
}}
}}
|2={{Clade
|label1=Micromonosporineae
|1={{Clade
|1=[[Cryptosporangiaceae]]
|2={{Clade
|1="Fodinicolaceae"
|2=[[Micromonosporaceae]] (incl. [[Actinocatenisporaceae]]; [[Actinoplanaceae|Actinoplanetaceae]]; [[Glycomycetaceae]]; [[Phytomonosporaceae]])
}}
}}
|label2=Corynebacteriineae
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Nakamurellaceae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Pseudonocardiaceae]] (incl. [[Actinopolysporaceae]])
|2=[[Mycobacteriaceae]] (incl. [[Corynebacteriaceae]]; [[Dietziaceae]]; [[Gordoniaceae]]; [[Hoyosellaceae]]; [[Lawsonellaceae]]; [[Nocardiaceae]]; [[Segniliparaceae]]; [[Tomitellaceae]]; [[Tsukamurellaceae]])
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|}

== Terminology ==
''Mycolata'' has been used as a non-taxonomic term for mycolic acid-containing [[Actinobacteria]]. Mycobacteriales includes all such species, but it also includes some without mycolic acid, making these two terms imperfect, paraphyletic, aliases.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chun |first1=J |last2=Kang |first2=S-O |last3=Hah |first3=Y C |last4=Goodfellow |first4=M |title=Phylogeny of mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes |journal=Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology |date=September 1996 |volume=17 |issue=3-4 |pages=205–213 |doi=10.1007/BF01574694|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bacterial taxonomy]]
* [[List of bacterial orders]]
* [[List of bacteria genera]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


{{Bacteria classification}}
{{Bacteria classification}}
{{Gram-positive actinobacteria diseases}}
{{Gram-positive actinobacteria diseases}}
{{taxonbar|from=Q99299816}}

[[Category:Actinobacteria]]
[[Category:Actinomycetia]]
[[Category:Bacteria orders]]
{{actinobacteria-stub}}

Latest revision as of 05:01, 20 January 2024

Mycobacteriales
Corynebacterium ulcerans colonies on a blood agar plate
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Mycobacteriales
Janke 1924 (Approved Lists 1980)[1]
Type genus
Mycobacterium
Lehmann and Neumann 1896 (Approved Lists 1980)
Families[2]
Synonyms
  • Corynebacteriales Goodfellow and Jones 2015
  • Corynebacteriineae corrig. Stackebrandt et al. 1997
  • "Mycobacteriineae" Val-Calvo & Vazquez-Boland 2023

The Mycobacteriales are an order of bacteria.[1] The current description is genome-based, per Gupta 2019 emendation. Most members produce mycolic acids.[3]

Phylogeny

[edit]

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN).[2]

Whole-genome based phylogeny[4] 16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023[5][6][7] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[8][9][10]
Mycobacteriales

Terminology

[edit]

Mycolata has been used as a non-taxonomic term for mycolic acid-containing Actinobacteria. Mycobacteriales includes all such species, but it also includes some without mycolic acid, making these two terms imperfect, paraphyletic, aliases.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Janke A. (1924). Allgemeine technische Mikrobiologie. I. Teil. Die Mikroorganismen [General Technical Microbiology. Part I. The Microorganisms.] (1st ed.). Dresden and Leipzig: T. Steinkopf.
  2. ^ a b Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Mycobacteriales". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved June 7, 2021.
  3. ^ Gupta, Radhey S. (22 February 2019). "Commentary: Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria". Frontiers in Microbiology. 10. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00206. PMC 6395429. Mycolic acids are important constituents of the cell envelopes of most members.
  4. ^ Nouioui I, Carro L, García-López M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Markus Göker M (2018). "Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria". Front. Microbiol. 9: 2007. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007. PMC 6113628. PMID 30186281.
  5. ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  6. ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  7. ^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  8. ^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  9. ^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  10. ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  11. ^ Chun, J; Kang, S-O; Hah, Y C; Goodfellow, M (September 1996). "Phylogeny of mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes". Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. 17 (3–4): 205–213. doi:10.1007/BF01574694.
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