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{{Short description|Eastern Han dynasty official (171-217)}}
{{more footnotes|date=May 2013}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=May 2013}}
{{Infobox Three Kingdoms biography
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sima Lang
| name = Sima Lang
⚫
| native_name = 司馬朗
| image =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_size =
| caption =
| caption =
| Title = Official
| alt =
| office = Inspector of [[Yan Province]] (兗州刺史)
⚫
| Kingdom = [[Cao Cao]]
| term_start = {{Start date|?}}
⚫
| birth_date = 171<ref name="SGZ birth and death years">Sima Lang's biography in ''Records of the Three Kingdoms'' stated that Sima died at the age of 47 (by [[East Asian age reckoning]]) in the 22nd year of the Jian'an era (196-220) in the reign of [[Emperor Xian of Han]]. (建安二十二年， ... 遇疾卒，時年四十七。) By calculation, Sima Lang's birth year should be around 171.</ref>
| term_end = {{End date|217}}
⚫
| death_date = 217 (aged 46)<ref name="SGZ birth and death years" />
| monarch = [[Emperor Xian of Han]]
| Simp = 司马朗
⚫
| chancellor = [[Cao Cao]]
⚫
| Trad = 司馬朗
| office1 = Registrar to the [[Chancellor (China)|Imperial Chancellor]]<br>(丞相主簿)
| Pinyin = Sīmǎ Lǎng
| term_start1 = {{Start date|208}}
| WG = Szu-ma Lang
| term_end1 = {{End date|?}}
| Zi = Boda {{small|({{zh|first=t|t=伯達|s=伯达|p=Bódá|w=Po-ta}})}}
| monarch1 = [[Emperor Xian of Han]]
| Other =
| chancellor1 = [[Cao Cao]]
| office2 = Prefect of Yuancheng (元城令)
| term_start2 = {{Start date|?}}
| term_end2 = {{End date|?}}
| monarch2 = [[Emperor Xian of Han]]
| office3 = Chief of Tangyang (堂陽長)
| term_start3 = {{Start date|?}}
| term_end3 = {{End date|?}}
| monarch3 = [[Emperor Xian of Han]]
| office4 = Prefect of Chenggao (成皋令)
| term_start4 = {{Start date|202}}
| term_end4 = {{End date|?}}
| monarch4 = [[Emperor Xian of Han]]
⚫
| birth_date = 171{{efn|name=birth and death dates|Sima Lang's biography in the ''Sanguozhi'' recorded that he died at the age of 47 (by [[East Asian age reckoning]]) in the 22nd year of the Jian'an era (196-220) of the reign of [[Emperor Xian of Han]].<ref>(建安二十二年， ... 遇疾卒，時年四十七。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 15.</ref> By calculation, Sima Lang's year of birth should be 171.}}
| birth_place = [[Wen County, Henan]]
⚫
| death_date = 217 (aged 46){{efn|name=birth and death dates}}
| death_place = [[Juchao District]], [[Chaohu]], [[Anhui]]
| father = [[Sima Fang]]
| relatives = {{unbulleted list|[[Sima Yi]] (brother)|[[Sima Fu]] (brother)|[[Sima Zhi]] (cousin)|{{small|''([[Family tree of Sima Yi#Sima Lang|Details]])''}}}}
| children = {{unbulleted list|Sima Yi<!--DO NOT LINK. This is not the same person as Sima Lang's brother Sima Yi.-->|[[Sima Wang]] (adopted)}}
| occupation = Official
| blank1 = [[Courtesy name]]
| data1 = Boda (伯達)
}}
}}
{{chinese-name|[[Sima (Chinese surname)|Sima]]}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Sima (Chinese surname)|Sima]]|lang=Chinese}}


'''Sima Lang''' (171–217), [[courtesy name]] '''Boda''', was a government official who lived during the late [[Eastern Han dynasty]] of China. He was the eldest among the eight sons of [[Sima Fang]], who served as the Intendant of the Capital ({{lang|zh|京兆尹}}) during the reign of [[Emperor Ling of Han|Emperor Ling]], He was described as a big and tall man (approximately 1.91 metres). In his early years, he took the tests required to serve as an official in the Han government and briefly held the position of a civil service cadet. In 189, when the warlord [[Dong Zhuo]] seized control of the Han central government, Sima Lang managed to escape with his family and return to his hometown.
'''Sima Lang''' (171–217),<ref name="SGZ birth and death years" /> [[courtesy name]] '''Boda''', was a politician who lived in the late [[Eastern Han Dynasty]].


Later in 202, Sima Lang reentered government service and served in the central government, then under the control of the warlord [[Cao Cao]]. In his early career, Cao Cao served as a district security chief in the imperial capital [[Luoyang]] after Sima Lang's father Sima Fang, then the Intendant of the Capital, recommended him for the job. Now that Cao Cao had become the ''de facto'' head of the central government, he wanted to repay Sima Fang's favour by treating Sima Lang well. Over the subsequent years, he appointed Sima Lang to various positions as either a county prefect or county chief. When he held office, Sima Lang adopted policies which benefited the common people, and thus earned their respect in return.
⚫
==Life==
When [[Luoyang]] fell under the control of the warlord [[Dong Zhuo]], Sima Lang was able to escape with his entire family. He returned with them to his place of birth and escaped danger.


In 208, after he assumed office as [[Chancellor (China)|Imperial Chancellor]], Cao Cao recruited Sima Lang to be his Registrar ({{lang|zh|主簿}}). Some time later, Cao Cao appointed Sima Lang as the Inspector ({{lang|zh|刺史}}) of [[Yan Province]]. Sima Lang performed well in office and gained much respect from the people in Yan Province. Despite his accomplishments, however, he never ceased to praise his younger brother, [[Sima Yi]]. He went so far as to say, "I don't even come close to matching his abilities."
After this, he entered the service of [[Cao Cao]], and was subsequently given the position of regional governor (太守) and then director of provincial regions (地方官吏). In these positions, it is said that he adopted policies with the common people in mind, and because of this he was greatly admired by them. His accomplishments were recognized by Cao Cao, and he was recalled to the court to take the position of assistant to the Prime Minister (丞相主簿). After this he was further promoted to the rank of governor (刺史) and again showed his administrative abilities. Once again adopting policies with the common people in mind, it is said that he was loved by a great many people.


⚫
In the year 217, Sima Lang accompanied Cao Cao's generals [[Xiahou Dun]] and [[Zang Ba]] on a military campaign against a rival warlord, [[Sun Quan]]. During the campaign, an epidemic broke out in the army and many soldiers fell sick. While distributing medicine to the soldiers, Sima Lang caught the disease himself and became ill too. He eventually succumbed to his illness and died.
Despite his accomplishments, however, he never ceased to praise those of his younger brother, [[Sima Yi]]. He went so far as to say, "I don't even come close to matching his abilities."


Sima Lang had a son, Sima Yi (司馬遺; note the different Chinese character for ''Yi'' from the one in [[Sima Yi]]'s name), who died prematurely so he had no heir. However, some time later, [[Sima Wang]], one of Sima Lang's nephews, was transferred to Sima Lang's lineage (i.e. "adopted" as Sima Lang's son) to continue Sima Lang's family line.
⚫
In the year 217, he accompanied [[Xiahou Dun]] and [[Zang Ba]] on a military expedition against [[Eastern Wu]]. During the campaign, a terrible illness broke out among the camp and many soldiers, as well as Sima Lang, fell ill. It is said that Sima Lang chose to distribute his medicine among the soldiers, refusing to take any of it himself. Because of this, he soon succumbed to the illness and died.

==Family==
{{main|Family tree of Sima Yi}}


==See also==
==See also==
* [[List of people of the Three Kingdoms]]
* [[Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms]]

⚫
==Notes==
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* [[Chen Shou]]. ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'', Volume 15, Biography of Sima Lang.
* [[Chen Shou|Chen, Shou]] (3rd century). ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (''Sanguozhi'').
* [[Pei Songzhi|Pei, Songzhi]] (5th century). ''[[Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'' (''Sanguozhi zhu'').


{{People of the end of Han Dynasty}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Sima, Lang
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Boda
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Han Dynasty politician
| DATE OF BIRTH = 171
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 217
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sima, Lang}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sima, Lang}}
[[Category:171 births]]
[[Category:171 births]]
[[Category:217 deaths]]
[[Category:217 deaths]]
[[Category:Officials under Cao Cao]]
[[Category:Government officials under Cao Cao]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jiaozuo]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jiaozuo]]
[[Category:Han Dynasty politicians from Henan]]

Latest revision as of 13:33, 21 January 2024

Sima Lang
司馬朗
Inspector of Yan Province (兗州刺史)
In office
? (?)–217 (217)
MonarchEmperor Xian of Han
ChancellorCao Cao
Registrar to the Imperial Chancellor
(丞相主簿)
In office
208 (208)–? (?)
MonarchEmperor Xian of Han
ChancellorCao Cao
Prefect of Yuancheng (元城令)
In office
? (?)–? (?)
MonarchEmperor Xian of Han
Chief of Tangyang (堂陽長)
In office
? (?)–? (?)
MonarchEmperor Xian of Han
Prefect of Chenggao (成皋令)
In office
202 (202)–? (?)
MonarchEmperor Xian of Han
Personal details
Born171[a]
Wen County, Henan
Died217 (aged 46)[a]
Juchao District, Chaohu, Anhui
Children
Parent
Relatives
OccupationOfficial
Courtesy nameBoda (伯達)
In this Chinese name, the family name is Sima.

Sima Lang (171–217), courtesy name Boda, was a government official who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was the eldest among the eight sons of Sima Fang, who served as the Intendant of the Capital (京兆尹) during the reign of Emperor Ling, He was described as a big and tall man (approximately 1.91 metres). In his early years, he took the tests required to serve as an official in the Han government and briefly held the position of a civil service cadet. In 189, when the warlord Dong Zhuo seized control of the Han central government, Sima Lang managed to escape with his family and return to his hometown.

Later in 202, Sima Lang reentered government service and served in the central government, then under the control of the warlord Cao Cao. In his early career, Cao Cao served as a district security chief in the imperial capital Luoyang after Sima Lang's father Sima Fang, then the Intendant of the Capital, recommended him for the job. Now that Cao Cao had become the de facto head of the central government, he wanted to repay Sima Fang's favour by treating Sima Lang well. Over the subsequent years, he appointed Sima Lang to various positions as either a county prefect or county chief. When he held office, Sima Lang adopted policies which benefited the common people, and thus earned their respect in return.

In 208, after he assumed office as Imperial Chancellor, Cao Cao recruited Sima Lang to be his Registrar (主簿). Some time later, Cao Cao appointed Sima Lang as the Inspector (刺史) of Yan Province. Sima Lang performed well in office and gained much respect from the people in Yan Province. Despite his accomplishments, however, he never ceased to praise his younger brother, Sima Yi. He went so far as to say, "I don't even come close to matching his abilities."

In the year 217, Sima Lang accompanied Cao Cao's generals Xiahou Dun and Zang Ba on a military campaign against a rival warlord, Sun Quan. During the campaign, an epidemic broke out in the army and many soldiers fell sick. While distributing medicine to the soldiers, Sima Lang caught the disease himself and became ill too. He eventually succumbed to his illness and died.

Sima Lang had a son, Sima Yi (司馬遺; note the different Chinese character for Yi from the one in Sima Yi's name), who died prematurely so he had no heir. However, some time later, Sima Wang, one of Sima Lang's nephews, was transferred to Sima Lang's lineage (i.e. "adopted" as Sima Lang's son) to continue Sima Lang's family line.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Sima Lang's biography in the Sanguozhi recorded that he died at the age of 47 (by East Asian age reckoning) in the 22nd year of the Jian'an era (196-220) of the reign of Emperor Xian of Han.[1] By calculation, Sima Lang's year of birth should be 171.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ (建安二十二年， ... 遇疾卒，時年四十七。) Sanguozhi vol. 15.
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