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{{Infobox scientist
{{BLP sources|date=July 2010}}
|name = Susan A. Clancy
'''Susan A. Clancy''' is a [[cognitive psychology|cognitive psychologist]]<ref name="Burns">{{cite journal|last=Burns|first=Angie|title=Book Review: Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped by Aliens|journal= [[Feminism & Psychology]]|year=2006|volume=16|issue=4|pages=505–507|doi=10.1177/0959353506068800}}</ref> and [[Associate professor]] in [[Consumer behaviour]] at [[INCAE]]<ref name="INCAE Faculty">{{cite web|title=INCAE Faculty-Personal Information|url=http://www.incae.edu/EN/facultad/Susan.Clancy/idTab=1&Personal%20Information}}</ref> as well as being a Post-Doctoral Fellow at [[Harvard University]].<ref>[http://www.incae.edu/EN/facultad/Susan.Clancy/idTab=2&Professional%20Experience INCAE Faculty-Professional Experience]</ref><ref name="McNally & Clancy">{{cite journal|last=McNally|first=Richard J.|author2=Clancy, Susan A. |title=Sleep Paralysis, Sexual Abuse, and Space Alien Abduction|journal= [[Transcultural Psychiatry]]|year=2005|volume=42|issue=1|pages=113–122|doi=10.1177/1363461505050715|pmid=15881271}}</ref>
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|field = [[experimental psychology]]
|work_institutions = [[INCAE Business School]]
|alma_mater = [[Harvard University]]
|doctoral_advisor =
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|known_for = ''Abducted'', ''The Trauma Myth'', [[repressed memory]]
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'''Susan A. Clancy''' is a [[cognitive psychology|cognitive psychologist]] and [[associate professor]] in [[Consumer behaviour]] at [[INCAE]] as well as a [[post-doctoral fellow]] at [[Harvard University]]. She is best known for her controversial work on repressed and recovered memories in her books ''Abducted'' and ''The Trauma Myth''.
{{toclimit|limit=2}} <!-- This code controls max depth of TOC.-->


==Education==
==Education==

In 2001, Clancy received her PhD in [[Experimental Psychology]] from Harvard University.<ref name="McNally & Clancy" />
In 2001, Clancy received her PhD in [[experimental psychology]] from [[Harvard University]].{{R|"INCAE"}}


==Career==
==Career==
Though originally working in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University for eight years,<ref name="INCAE Faculty"/> Clancy now works at INCAE, where she is Associate Professor in Consumer Behavior and Research Director of INCAE's Center for Women's Leadership.<ref>[http://www.incae.edu/en/research-and-knowledge/susan-a-clancy.php INCAE Business School Team-Susan Clancy]</ref>
Clancy is a researcher in the field of [[memory]]. Her collaborative scientific research mainly focuses on the impacts of trauma on memory and individual susceptibility to [[false memory syndrome|false memory]] creation.<ref name="McNally & Clancy" /> She initially conducted her research on people with supposed [[recovered memory|'recovered memories']] of childhood abuse as she believed that at least some of these memories may be false.<ref name="Burns" /> However, although she was sure that many of these memories were false, she could not accurately determine whether the subjects had or had not been abused in childhood. To rectify this problem, Clancy then shifted her attention to recovered memories of events that almost certainly never happened- those of [[alien abduction]]s.<ref name="Burns" /> This allowed her to investigate possible individual differences that may make one more likely to develop false memories.


Susan Clancy joined the Harvard University psychology department as a graduate student in 1995. There she began to study memory and the idea of repressed memories due to trauma. The debate in this field was strong at the time, with many clinicians arguing that we repress memories to protect ourselves from trauma that would be too hard to bear. Many cognitive psychologists, on the other hand, argued that true trauma is almost never forgotten, and that memories brought up years later through [[hypnosis]] are most likely false.{{R|"NYT2"}}
==''Abducted''==
In October 2005 her book ''Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped by Aliens'' was published. Clancy came to the subject of [[alien abduction]]s while studying [[recovered memory|recovered memories]], a phenomenon her research has called into question. Because her original research subjects, people who had recovered memories (generally via [[hypnosis]]) of [[sexual abuse]], proved a politically sensitive group to debunk, Clancy decided to aim instead at the claims and recovered memories of alleged outer-space alien abductees. This latter group was neither viewed sympathetically by the public, thus refuting their claims would not be politically problematic, nor did its claims of alien encounters have any scientific credibility to begin with. Therefore, Clancy could focus her work on determining how exactly people came to believe they were abducted by aliens, and how they recovered memories of such a thing, while she assumed the factual nature of their claims to be ''prima facie'' false.


In 2003, Clancy remarked to Bruce Grierson of the ''[[New York Times]]'' that "nobody was doing research on the group that was at the center of the controversy -- the people who were reporting recovered memories. Memory function in that group had never been examined in the laboratory."{{R|"NYT2"}}
The latter working assumption has of course irritated many alleged abductees, including many of the people who supplied research data for Clancy's work. She argues that while she has sympathy for their experiences — all of which she says have worldly, physiological, explanations — she is not compelled from a scientific standpoint to accept their extraordinary claims on faith alone. And, remarkably, Clancy reports that the majority of people who told her they believed they had been abducted by aliens, did not in fact have any specific memory that this had actually occurred. They simply chose to believe this was the explanation for various anomalous, but mundane, conditions they were experiencing. Those who do have memories of alien abduction, Clancy found to have undergone either hypnosis or other kinds of processes known to distort memories or to create false memories. She also argues that people searching for answers and for meaning are highly motivated to mold their experiences, and even their memories, to fit seemingly all-embracing explanations in which they wish to believe.


Clancy hypothesized that there was a group of people who were more susceptible to false memory creation and that this tendency might be demonstrated in the lab by giving standard memory tests. The tests included giving participants lists of related words and then later asking them to recall the first list by circling words from a second list that included similar words. Her data strongly suggested that some people are more likely to "remember" seeing similar words to those on the lists that weren't an exact match, more so than a control group. Essentially "creating a recollection out of a contextual inference, a fact from a feeling." These findings were published in the journal Psychological Science in 2000.{{R|"NYT2"}}{{R|"NYT"}}
Clancy admits that her own take on the abduction experience is not likely to convince believers that they are mistaken in their claims, but she is arguing as a [[scientist]] about what is likely, and not as a promoter of [[Ufology]] about what is remotely possible or effectively impossible.


Her work was heavily criticized by some in the community. It was suggested that it could be possible that those with recovered memories of trauma, had such traumatic memories that they were not only repressed, but that they also manifested as cognitive impairment that could cause memory problems in test conditions like this study. Additionally, she received letters suggesting that even conducting this kind of research at all "cheers on child molesters" and ridicules the suffering of children. In 2000 when she was invited to speak at Cambridge Hospital, she was told that many in the psychiatric department protested her lecture.{{R|"NYT2"}}{{R|"NYT3"}}
Clancy appeared in the 2005 documentary [[UFOs: Seeing is Believing]], and in a Discovery Channel Show, Conspiracy Theory, in 2007.


Clancy decided at this point to find a new group to study. She began studying alien abductees, whose stories could produce more methodologically clear study results. She began canvassing for participants until she found 11 willing abductees. This posed its own challenges because many of the study participants do not believe in repressed memories, but rather some kind of extraterrestrial interpretation, such as the aliens erasing their memories or controlling their minds in some manner.{{R|"NYT2"}}
==''The Trauma Myth''==
In January 2010, [[Perseus Books Group|Perseus Books]] published her book ''The Trauma Myth'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perseusbooks.com/perseus/book_detail.jsp?isbn=046501688X|title=Perseus Books Home|accessdate=2010-01-20|date=2010-01-04|publisher=[[Perseus Books Group|Perseus Books]]}}</ref> in which she suggests that [[child sexual abuse]] is rarely a traumatic experience for the victims at the time it occurs, and is instead described by victims as confusing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/life/sexual_abuse/index.html?story=/books/int/2010/01/18/trauma_myth_interview|title=Sexual abuse|accessdate=2010-01-20|date=2010-01-18|publisher=[[Salon.com|Salon]]}}</ref> She argues that later in life, after the memories are processed, examined, and more fully understood, the experience becomes traumatic.


In 2003, Clancy took a position as a professor at the Harvard-affiliated [[INCAE|Central American Business Administration Institute]] in [[Managua]], [[Nicaragua]].{{R|"NYT2"}}{{R|"Globe"}} She went on to become the research director at the Harvard-affiliated Center for Women's Advancement, Development and Leadership in Nicaragua.{{R|"Salon"}}
Clancy writes in “The Trauma Myth” that when she arrived at Harvard in 1996, the trauma theory held that “a child will only participate in abuse if forced, threatened, or explicitly coerced” (p.&nbsp;41). Then she interviewed victims and learned, “They did not fight it. It was not done against their will. They went along... only 5% tried to stop it” (p.&nbsp;41). Clancy concludes that since sexual abuse of children is not violent per se, the millions of victims who did not experience their sex abuse as traumatic grapple with crippling thoughts of shame, embarrassment, and self-blame, thus compounding their suffering. She advocates for a refined understanding of the immediate effects of child sex abuse in order to better help those who are excluded from a clinical and popular culture that embraces the trauma model.


==Select bibliography==
==Selected publications==


===''Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped By Aliens''===
===Books===
*''Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped By Aliens
*''The Trauma Myth: The Truth about the Sexual Abuse of Children—and its Aftermath''; ISBN 978-0-465-01688-4


Published by [[Harvard University Press]] in 2005, Susan Clancy's book ''Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped By Aliens'' was met with strong positive reviews. The book uses data derived from several memory studies on self described abductees that took place in the preceding few years.{{R|"NYT"}} The book explores what mainstream experts believe to be the sources of abduction stories, such as [[sleep paralysis]] and the use of [[hypnosis]] techniques to "recover" forgotten memories.{{R|"PW"}} Clancy finds that previous interest in the [[paranormal]] and emotional investment also play a role in creating [[Alien abduction|abduction]] memories.{{R|"NYT"}}
===Journal articles===
Clancy, S. A., McNally, R. J. & Schacter, D. L. (1999). Effects of guided imagery on memory distortions in women reporting recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse. ''Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12,'' 4, 559-569


[[Benedict Carey]] of the [[New York Times]] believes the book is about more than just aliens, that "the book hints at a larger ambition, to explain the psychology of transformative experiences, whether supposed abductions, conversions or divine visitations."{{R|"NYT"}} Clancy demonstrates that alien abduction stories give people meaning and a way to understand their own lives and circumstances. It also gives them a feeling that they are not alone in the universe. Carey's take away is that, "in this sense, abduction memories are like transcendent religious visions, scary and yet somehow comforting and, at some personal psychological level, true."{{R|"NYT"}} Paul McHugh, of [[The Wall Street Journal]] also points out that, no matter how bad the experience, none of the abductees regret it happening. Many of them feel that they were special or "chosen" for having these experiences.{{R|"WSJ"}}
McNally, R. J., Lasko, N. B., Clancy, S. A., Macklin, M. L., Pitman, R. K. & Orr, S. P. (2004). Psychophysiological responding during script-drive imagery in people reporting abduction by space aliens. ''Psychological Science, 15,'' 7, 493-497.


Benedict Carey's only critique is that Clancy did not ask the abductees that she interviewed to share their religious beliefs, which he notes that Clancy herself regretted as well. He concludes that "when it comes to sounding the depths of alien stories, a scientific inquiry like this one may have to end with an inquiry into religion."{{R|"NYT"}}
McNally, R. J. & Clancy, S. A. (2004). Sleep paralysis in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse. ''Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19,'' 595-602


In an interview with [[Madeleine Brand]] on the [[Day to Day]] radio show by [[NPR]], Clancy responds to the question of how her interview subjects responded to the publishing of her book. She explains:
McNally, R. J. & Clancy, S. A. (2005). Sleep paralysis, sexual abuse, and space alien abduction. ''Transcultural Psychiatry, 42,'' 1, 113-122.


{{blockquote|text=I can tell you most of them that have read the book are upset. I have to be honest with that. And I understand why, because what's happening in the book is I am presenting my own opinion, but I'm challenging their deeply held beliefs, beliefs that are very important to them. So they're angry, and I feel terribly about it.{{R|"NPR"}}}}
McNally, R. J., Clancy, S. A., Barrett, H. M. & Parker, H. A. (2005). Reality monitoring in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse. ''Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114,'' 1, 147-152.


Clancy, in response to the idea that alien abduction experiences are similar to religious beliefs and experiences says:
McNally, R. J., Perlman, C. A., Ristuccia, C. S. & Clancy, S. A. (2006). Clinical characteristics of adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse. ''Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74,'' 2, 237-242.

{{blockquote|text=All I would like to say is that in the same way that people find meaning in their religious beliefs and experiences, these people find meaning in their alien abduction beliefs and their alien abduction experiences.{{R|"NPR"}}}}

===''The Trauma Myth: The Truth about the Sexual Abuse of Children—and its Aftermath''===

This book, published in 2010, got its beginning when Clancy was working on her graduate research project in the mid-1990s and she began interviewing adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Much to her surprise, she found that most of the victims of childhood abuse did not feel trauma, in the usual sense of the word, until they grew old enough to really understand what had happened.{{R|"NYT3"}}{{R|"Salon"}}

One of the most common feelings among her sample was self-blame. The majority of those interviewed never experienced violence or remembered feeling pain, rather it was mainly confusion at the time. But the psychological damage begins when they realize that their trust and innocence had been betrayed. It is this feeling of participation from the victim that causes the greatest distress later in life.{{R|"Globe"}} Clancy says that ninety-five percent of childhood sexual abuse victims never seek treatment because of their false beliefs about what abuse should look like:

{{blockquote|text=You get all these people who are keeping it a secret because they're ashamed — because what happened to them is not what is portrayed in the media or psychological and medical circles.{{R|"Salon"}}}}

There was much outrage over the findings presented in this book.{{R|"Globe"}}{{R|"NYT3"}}{{R|"Salon"}}

When questioned about the critique that her book could be arguing that children are not hurt by sexual abuse, Clancy says, "I will never say that. I could not be more clear. This is an atrocious, disgusting crime."{{R|"Salon"}} Many have also accused Clancy and this book of encouraging child abusers. To this she responds that:

{{blockquote|text=Sexual abuse is never OK. No matter what the circumstances are, or how it impacts the victims, sexual abuse is an atrocious, despicable crime. Just because it rarely physically or psychologically damages the child does not mean it is OK. Harmfulness is not the same thing as wrongfulness. And why is it wrong? Because children are incapable of consent.{{R|"Salon"}}}}

Clancy argues that her model is what may truly help the adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. These survivors are often ashamed of their behavior and that they did not fight back, they blame themselves and often do not speak about the events or even believe that what happened to them can be considered abuse. She finds that it can be very beneficial for these survivors to learn that their experience and their reaction, or lack of reaction, was normal.{{R|"NYT3"}} According to an interview with [[Susan Pinker]], writing for [[The Globe and Mail]] in 2010, Clancy makes it clear through her book "that children are never at fault, that sexual abuse is always a crime and that the blame always rests with the adult."{{R|"Globe"}}

This book also addresses the idea of repressed memory. Clancy argues that the reason many children do not remember sexual abuse until later in life was that it simply was not memorable at the time. She says in an interview with Salon:

{{blockquote|text=What therapists in the sexual abuse field refer to as repression is actually simple forgetting. Most children who get abused don't understand it at the time. Thus, it is not a significant experience when it happens — it's weird, perhaps — and so they forget it, like we forget so many aspects of childhood. Later on in life they may be asked by a therapist, "Were you sexually abused as a child?" and this question will cue a memory. When this happens it is not an example of a recovered memory. It is an example of normal forgetting and remembering.{{R|"Salon"}}}}

On how we should treat sexual abuse victims, Clancy says:

{{blockquote|text=I think practically, sexual abuse victims need to hear loud and clear that what happened to you is what happens to most people. It was wrong and not your fault, and you should report the crime, and the perpetrator should be punished.{{R|"Salon"}}}}

===Journal articles===

*''¿Por qué no hay más Mujeres en la Cima de la Escala Corporativa: Debido a Estereotipos, a Diferencias Biológicas o a Escogencias Personales? / Why aren’t more Women at the Top of the Corporate Ladder: Stereotypes, Biological Differences or Choices'' (2007){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 1"}}
*''Autobiographical memory specificity in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse'' (2006){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 2"}}
*''Clinical characteristics of adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse'' (2006){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 3"}}
*''Sleep paralysis and recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse: A reply to Pendergrast'' (2006){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 4"}}
*''Who needs repression? Normal memory processes can explain “forgetting” of childhood sexual abuse'' (2005){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 5"}}
*''Sleep Paralysis, Sexual Abuse, and Space Alien Abduction'' (2005){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 6"}}
*''Sleep paralysis in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse'' (2005){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 7"}}
*''Reality Monitoring in Adults Reporting Repressed, Recovered, or Continuous Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse'' (2005){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 8"}}
*''Inhibiting retrieval of trauma cues in adults reporting histories of childhood sexual abuse'' (2004){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 9"}}
*''Psychophysiological Responding During Script-Driven Imagery in People Reporting Abduction by Space Aliens'' (2004){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 10"}}
*''Reconceptualizing the teaching team in universities: Working with sessional staff'' (2002){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 11"}}
*''Memory distortion in people reporting abduction by aliens'' (2002){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 12"}}
*''Directed forgetting of trauma cues in adults reporting repressed or recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse'' (2001){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 13"}}
*''False Recognition in Women Reporting Recovered Memories of Sexual Abuse'' (2000){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 14"}}
*''Personality profiles, dissociations, and absorption in women reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse'' (2000){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 15"}}
*''Cognitive processing of trauma cues in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse'' (2000){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 16"}}
*''Effects of guided imagery on memory distortion in women reporting recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse'' (1999){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 17"}}
*''Cardiorespiratory Symptoms in Response to Physiological Arousal'' (1998){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 18"}}
*''Directed forgetting of trauma cues in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse with and without posttraumatic stress disorder'' (1998){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 19"}}
*''Differential diagnosis of palpitations. Preliminary development of a screening instrument'' (1996){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 20"}}
*''Somatized Psychiatric Disorder Presenting as Palpitations. Archives of Internal Medicine'' (1996){{R|"INCAE"}}{{R|"Art 21"}}

==See also==
*[[Repressed memory]]
*[[Hypnosis]]
*[[Alien abduction]]
*[[Experimental psychology]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="INCAE">{{cite web |title=Susan A. Clancy |url=https://www.incae.edu/en/directory/susan-clancy.html |website=www.incae.edu |publisher=INCAE |access-date=7 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207070521/https://www.incae.edu/en/directory/susan-clancy.html |archive-date=7 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Art 1">{{cite journal |last1=Clancy |first1=Susan |title=¿Por qué no hay más Mujeres en la Cima de la Escala Corporativa: Debido a Estereotipos, a Diferencias Biológicas o a Escogencias Personales? / Why aren't more Women at the Top of the Corporate Ladder: Stereotypes, Biological Differences or Choices Made? |journal=Revista Latinoamericana de Administración |date=1 January 2007 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207071413/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/385 |archive-date=7 December 2018 |access-date=7 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Art 2">{{cite journal |last1=McNally |first1=R. J. |last2=Clancy |first2=S. |last3=Barrett |first3=H. M. |last4=Parker |first4=H.A. |last5=Ristuccia |first5=C.S. |last6=Perlman |first6=C.A |title=Autobiographical memory specificity in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse |journal=Cognition and Emotion |date=1 January 2006 |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=527–535 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/824 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207072312/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/824 |archive-date=7 December 2018 |access-date=7 December 2018|url-status=live|doi=10.1080/02699930500342779 |pmid=26529220 |s2cid=22799440 }}</ref>

<ref name="Art 3">{{cite journal |last1=McNally |first1=R.J. |last2=Perlman |first2=C.A. |last3=Ristuccia |first3=C.S. |last4=Clancy |first4=S. |title=Clinical characteristics of adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |date=1 January 2006 |volume=74 |issue=2 |pages=237–242 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/832 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207073318/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/832 |archive-date=7 December 2018 |access-date=7 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1037/0022-006x.74.2.237|pmid=16649868 }}</ref>

<ref name="Art 4">{{cite journal |last1=McNally |first1=R.J. |last2=Clancy |first2=S. |title=Sleep paralysis and recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse: A reply to Pendergrast |journal=Journal of Anxiety Disorders |date=1 January 2006 |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=538–540 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/830 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207073917/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/830 |archive-date=7 December 2018 |access-date=7 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.04.002}}</ref>

<ref name="Art 5">{{cite journal |last1=Clancy |first1=S. |last2=McNally |first2=R.J. |last3=Richard |first3=J. |title=Who needs repression? Normal memory processes can explain "forgetting" of childhood sexual abuse |journal=The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice |date=1 January 2005 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=66–73 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2265 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209045532/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2265 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Art 6">{{cite journal |last1=McNally |first1=R.J. |last2=Clancy |first2=S. |title=Sleep Paralysis, Sexual Abuse, and Space Alien Abduction |journal=Transcultural Psychiatry |date=1 January 2005 |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=113–122 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/835 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209045904/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/835 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1177/1363461505050715 |pmid=15881271|s2cid=9569785 }}</ref>

<ref name="Art 7">{{cite journal |last1=McNally |first1=R.J. |last2=Clancy |first2=S. |title=Sleep paralysis in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse |journal=Journal of Anxiety Disorders |date=1 January 2005 |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=595–602 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/831 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209050133/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/831 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|pmid=15749576 |doi=10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.05.003 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Art 8">{{cite journal |last1=McNally |first1=R.J. |last2=Clancy |first2=S. |last3=Barrett |first3=H.M. |last4=Parker |first4=H.A. |title=Reality Monitoring in Adults Reporting Repressed, Recovered, or Continuous Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse |journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology |date=1 January 2005 |volume=114 |issue=1 |pages=147–152 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/829 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209050835/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/829 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1037/0021-843x.114.1.147|pmid=15709821 }}</ref>

<ref name="Art 9">{{cite journal |last1=McNally |first1=R.J. |last2=Clancy |first2=S. |last3=Barrett |first3=H.M. |last4=Parker |first4=H.A. |title=Inhibiting retrieval of trauma cues in adults reporting histories of childhood sexual abuse |journal=Cognition and Emotion |date=1 January 2004 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=479–493 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/825 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209051203/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/825 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1080/02699930341000400|s2cid=144721107 }}</ref>

<ref name="Art 10">{{cite journal |last1=McNally |first1=R.J. |last2=Lasko |first2=N.B. |last3=Clancy |first3=S. |last4=Macklin |first4=M.L. |last5=Pitman |first5=R.K. |last6=Orr |first6=S.P. |title=Psychophysiological Responding During Script-Driven Imagery in People Reporting Abduction by Space Aliens |journal=Psychological Science |date=1 January 2004 |volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=493–497 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/834 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209052109/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/834 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00707.x |pmid=15200635|s2cid=25341307 }}</ref>

<ref name="Art 11">{{cite journal |last1=Coombe |first1=K. |last2=Clancy |first2=S. |title=Reconceptualizing the teaching team in universities: Working with sessional staff |journal=International Journal for Academic Development |date=1 January 2002 |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=159–166 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2386 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209052509/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2386 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1080/1360144032000071297|s2cid=145510394 }}</ref>

<ref name="Art 12">{{cite journal |last1=Clancy |first1=S. |last2=McNally |first2=R.J. |last3=Schacter |first3=D.L. |last4=Lenzenweger |first4=M.F. |last5=Pitman |first5=R.K. |title=Memory distortion in people reporting abduction by aliens |journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology |date=1 January 2002 |volume=111 |issue=3 |pages=455–461 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2262 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209052947/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2262 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1037/0021-843x.111.3.455 |pmid=12150421|s2cid=7729370 }}</ref>

<ref name="Art 13">{{cite journal |last1=McNally |first1=R.J. |last2=Clancy |first2=S. |last3=Schacter |first3=D.L. |title=Directed forgetting of trauma cues in adults reporting repressed or recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse |journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology |date=1 January 2001 |volume=110 |issue=1 |pages=151–156 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/828 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209053633/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/828 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1037/0021-843x.110.1.151|pmid=11261390 |s2cid=11045962 }}</ref>

<ref name="Art 14">{{cite journal |last1=Clancy |first1=S. |last2=Schacter |first2=D.L. |last3=McNally |first3=R.J. |last4=Pitman |first4=R.K. |title=False Recognition in Women Reporting Recovered Memories of Sexual Abuse |journal=Psychological Science |date=1 January 2000 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=26–31 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2264 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209053945/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2264 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|pmid=11228839 |doi=10.1111/1467-9280.00210 |s2cid=3814525 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Art 15">{{cite journal |last1=McNally |first1=R.J. |last2=Clancy |first2=S. |last3=Schacter |first3=D.L. |last4=Pitman |first4=R.K. |title=Personality profiles, dissociations, and absorption in women reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |date=1 January 2000 |volume=68 |issue=6 |pages=1033–1037 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/833 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209054417/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/833 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1037/0022-006x.68.6.1033|pmid=11142537 }}</ref>

<ref name="Art 16">{{cite journal |last1=McNally |first1=R.J. |last2=Clancy |first2=S. |last3=Schacter |first3=D.L. |last4=Pitman |first4=R.K. |title=Cognitive processing of trauma cues in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse |journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology |date=1 January 2000 |volume=109 |issue=3 |pages=355–359 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/826 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209054835/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/826 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1037/0021-843x.109.3.355|pmid=11016105 |s2cid=22791932 }}</ref>

<ref name="Art 17">{{cite journal |last1=Clancy |first1=S. |last2=McNally |first2=R.J. |last3=Schacter |first3=D.L. |title=Effects of guided imagery on memory distortion in women reporting recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse |journal=Journal of Traumatic Stress |date=1 January 1999 |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=559–569 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2263 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209055156/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2263 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1023/a:1024704815234|pmid=10646176 |s2cid=33960577 }}</ref>

<ref name="Art 18">{{cite journal |last1=Barsky |first1=A.J. |last2=Orav |first2=J.E. |last3=Delamater |first3=B.A. |last4=Clancy |first4=S. |last5=Hartley |first5=L.H. |title=Cardiorespiratory Symptoms in Response to Physiological Arousal |journal=Psychosomatic Medicine |date=1 January 1998 |volume=60 |issue=5 |pages=604–609 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2115 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209055500/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2115 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1097/00006842-199809000-00016|pmid=9773765 |s2cid=35914206 }}</ref>

<ref name="Art 19">{{cite journal |last1=McNally |first1=R.J. |last2=Metzger |first2=L.J. |last3=Lasko |first3=N.B. |last4=Clancy |first4=S. |last5=Pitman |first5=R.K. |title=Directed forgetting of trauma cues in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse with and without posttraumatic stress disorder |journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology |date=1 January 1998 |volume=107 |issue=4 |pages=596–601 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/827 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209060106/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/827 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|pmid=9830247 |url-status=live |doi=10.1037/0021-843x.107.4.596}}</ref>

<ref name="Art 20">{{cite journal |last1=Barsky |first1=A.J. |last2=Ahern |first2=D.K |last3=Delamater |first3=B.A. |last4=Clancy |first4=S. |last5=Bailey |first5=E.D. |title=Differential diagnosis of palpitations. Preliminary development of a screening instrument |journal=Archives of Family Medicine |date=1 January 1996 |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=241–245 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2113 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209060436/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2113 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1001/archfami.6.3.241|pmid=9161349 }}</ref>

<ref name="Art 21">{{cite journal |last1=Barsky |first1=A.J. |last2=Delamater |first2=B.A. |last3=Clancy |first3=S. |last4=Antman |first4=E.M. |last5=Ahern |first5=D.K. |title=Somatized Psychiatric Disorder Presenting as Palpitations |journal=Archives of Internal Medicine |date=1 January 1996 |volume=156 |issue=10 |pages=1102–1108 |url=https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209060750/https://pubs.incae.edu/pub/2114 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live |doi=10.1001/archinte.156.10.1102|pmid=8638998 }}</ref>

<ref name="NPR">{{cite web |last1=Brand |first1=Madeleine |title='Abducted': The Myth of Alien Kidnappings |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5005775 |website=NPR.org |publisher=NPR |access-date=10 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210032908/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5005775 |archive-date=10 December 2018 |url-status=live|format=Radio |date=9 November 2005}}</ref>

<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |last1=Carey |first1=Benedict |title=Explaining Those Vivid Memories of Martian Kidnappers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/09/health/explaining-those-vivid-memories-of-martian-kidnappers.html |access-date=10 December 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=9 August 2005}}</ref>

<ref name="PW">{{cite web |title=Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped by Aliens |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-674-01879-2 |website=publishersweekly.com |publisher=Publishers Weekly |access-date=10 December 2018 |date=15 August 2005}}</ref>

<ref name="WSJ">{{cite web |last1=McHugh |first1=Paul |title=Five Best |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121461316011612643 |website=WSJ.com |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=10 December 2018 |date=28 June 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="NYT2">{{cite news |last1=Grierson |first1=Bruce |title=A Bad Trip Down Memory Lane |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/27/magazine/a-bad-trip-down-memory-lane.html |access-date=11 December 2018 |agency=The New York Times |date=27 July 2003}}</ref>

<ref name="NYT3">{{cite news |last1=Zuger, M.D. |first1=Abigail |title=Abusing Not Only Children, but Also Science |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/26/health/26zuger.html |access-date=11 December 2018 |agency=The New York Times |date=25 January 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="Globe">{{cite news |last1=Pinker |first1=Susan |title=Review: The Trauma Myth, by Susan A. Clancy |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/review-the-trauma-myth-by-susan-a-clancy/article4308015/ |website=theglobeandmail.com |publisher=The Globe and Mail |access-date=11 December 2018 |format=Web |date=19 February 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="Salon">{{cite web |last1=Rogers |first1=Thomas |title="The Trauma Myth": The child betrayed |url=https://www.salon.com/2010/01/19/trauma_myth_interview/ |work=Salon |access-date=13 December 2018 |date=19 January 2010}}</ref>

}}


{{Memory}}
==External links==
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/27/magazine/27CLANCY.html?pagewanted=all A Bad Trip Down Memory Lane], The New York Times Magazine, July 27, 2003
* [http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2005/09.22/11-alien.html Alien abduction claims explained], Harvard Gazette


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Clancy, Susan}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Clancy, Susan}}
[[Category:American psychologists]]
[[Category:American women psychologists]]
[[Category:American women psychologists]]
[[Category:Cognitive psychologists]]
[[Category:American cognitive psychologists]]
[[Category:Ufologists]]
[[Category:Ufologists]]
[[Category:Harvard University faculty]]
[[Category:Harvard University Department of Psychology faculty]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American women academics]]
[[Category:21st-century American women scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century American psychologists]]

Latest revision as of 03:01, 29 January 2024

Susan A. Clancy
Alma materHarvard University
Known forAbducted, The Trauma Myth, repressed memory
Scientific career
Fieldsexperimental psychology
InstitutionsINCAE Business School

Susan A. Clancy is a cognitive psychologist and associate professor in Consumer behaviour at INCAE as well as a post-doctoral fellow at Harvard University. She is best known for her controversial work on repressed and recovered memories in her books Abducted and The Trauma Myth.

Education

[edit]

In 2001, Clancy received her PhD in experimental psychology from Harvard University.[1]

Career

[edit]

Susan Clancy joined the Harvard University psychology department as a graduate student in 1995. There she began to study memory and the idea of repressed memories due to trauma. The debate in this field was strong at the time, with many clinicians arguing that we repress memories to protect ourselves from trauma that would be too hard to bear. Many cognitive psychologists, on the other hand, argued that true trauma is almost never forgotten, and that memories brought up years later through hypnosis are most likely false.[2]

In 2003, Clancy remarked to Bruce Grierson of the New York Times that "nobody was doing research on the group that was at the center of the controversy -- the people who were reporting recovered memories. Memory function in that group had never been examined in the laboratory."[2]

Clancy hypothesized that there was a group of people who were more susceptible to false memory creation and that this tendency might be demonstrated in the lab by giving standard memory tests. The tests included giving participants lists of related words and then later asking them to recall the first list by circling words from a second list that included similar words. Her data strongly suggested that some people are more likely to "remember" seeing similar words to those on the lists that weren't an exact match, more so than a control group. Essentially "creating a recollection out of a contextual inference, a fact from a feeling." These findings were published in the journal Psychological Science in 2000.[2][3]

Her work was heavily criticized by some in the community. It was suggested that it could be possible that those with recovered memories of trauma, had such traumatic memories that they were not only repressed, but that they also manifested as cognitive impairment that could cause memory problems in test conditions like this study. Additionally, she received letters suggesting that even conducting this kind of research at all "cheers on child molesters" and ridicules the suffering of children. In 2000 when she was invited to speak at Cambridge Hospital, she was told that many in the psychiatric department protested her lecture.[2][4]

Clancy decided at this point to find a new group to study. She began studying alien abductees, whose stories could produce more methodologically clear study results. She began canvassing for participants until she found 11 willing abductees. This posed its own challenges because many of the study participants do not believe in repressed memories, but rather some kind of extraterrestrial interpretation, such as the aliens erasing their memories or controlling their minds in some manner.[2]

In 2003, Clancy took a position as a professor at the Harvard-affiliated Central American Business Administration Institute in Managua, Nicaragua.[2][5] She went on to become the research director at the Harvard-affiliated Center for Women's Advancement, Development and Leadership in Nicaragua.[6]

Select bibliography

[edit]

Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped By Aliens

[edit]

Published by Harvard University Press in 2005, Susan Clancy's book Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped By Aliens was met with strong positive reviews. The book uses data derived from several memory studies on self described abductees that took place in the preceding few years.[3] The book explores what mainstream experts believe to be the sources of abduction stories, such as sleep paralysis and the use of hypnosis techniques to "recover" forgotten memories.[7] Clancy finds that previous interest in the paranormal and emotional investment also play a role in creating abduction memories.[3]

Benedict Carey of the New York Times believes the book is about more than just aliens, that "the book hints at a larger ambition, to explain the psychology of transformative experiences, whether supposed abductions, conversions or divine visitations."[3] Clancy demonstrates that alien abduction stories give people meaning and a way to understand their own lives and circumstances. It also gives them a feeling that they are not alone in the universe. Carey's take away is that, "in this sense, abduction memories are like transcendent religious visions, scary and yet somehow comforting and, at some personal psychological level, true."[3] Paul McHugh, of The Wall Street Journal also points out that, no matter how bad the experience, none of the abductees regret it happening. Many of them feel that they were special or "chosen" for having these experiences.[8]

Benedict Carey's only critique is that Clancy did not ask the abductees that she interviewed to share their religious beliefs, which he notes that Clancy herself regretted as well. He concludes that "when it comes to sounding the depths of alien stories, a scientific inquiry like this one may have to end with an inquiry into religion."[3]

In an interview with Madeleine Brand on the Day to Day radio show by NPR, Clancy responds to the question of how her interview subjects responded to the publishing of her book. She explains:

I can tell you most of them that have read the book are upset. I have to be honest with that. And I understand why, because what's happening in the book is I am presenting my own opinion, but I'm challenging their deeply held beliefs, beliefs that are very important to them. So they're angry, and I feel terribly about it.[9]

Clancy, in response to the idea that alien abduction experiences are similar to religious beliefs and experiences says:

All I would like to say is that in the same way that people find meaning in their religious beliefs and experiences, these people find meaning in their alien abduction beliefs and their alien abduction experiences.[9]

The Trauma Myth: The Truth about the Sexual Abuse of Children—and its Aftermath

[edit]

This book, published in 2010, got its beginning when Clancy was working on her graduate research project in the mid-1990s and she began interviewing adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Much to her surprise, she found that most of the victims of childhood abuse did not feel trauma, in the usual sense of the word, until they grew old enough to really understand what had happened.[4][6]

One of the most common feelings among her sample was self-blame. The majority of those interviewed never experienced violence or remembered feeling pain, rather it was mainly confusion at the time. But the psychological damage begins when they realize that their trust and innocence had been betrayed. It is this feeling of participation from the victim that causes the greatest distress later in life.[5] Clancy says that ninety-five percent of childhood sexual abuse victims never seek treatment because of their false beliefs about what abuse should look like:

You get all these people who are keeping it a secret because they're ashamed — because what happened to them is not what is portrayed in the media or psychological and medical circles.[6]

There was much outrage over the findings presented in this book.[5][4][6]

When questioned about the critique that her book could be arguing that children are not hurt by sexual abuse, Clancy says, "I will never say that. I could not be more clear. This is an atrocious, disgusting crime."[6] Many have also accused Clancy and this book of encouraging child abusers. To this she responds that:

Sexual abuse is never OK. No matter what the circumstances are, or how it impacts the victims, sexual abuse is an atrocious, despicable crime. Just because it rarely physically or psychologically damages the child does not mean it is OK. Harmfulness is not the same thing as wrongfulness. And why is it wrong? Because children are incapable of consent.[6]

Clancy argues that her model is what may truly help the adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. These survivors are often ashamed of their behavior and that they did not fight back, they blame themselves and often do not speak about the events or even believe that what happened to them can be considered abuse. She finds that it can be very beneficial for these survivors to learn that their experience and their reaction, or lack of reaction, was normal.[4] According to an interview with Susan Pinker, writing for The Globe and Mail in 2010, Clancy makes it clear through her book "that children are never at fault, that sexual abuse is always a crime and that the blame always rests with the adult."[5]

This book also addresses the idea of repressed memory. Clancy argues that the reason many children do not remember sexual abuse until later in life was that it simply was not memorable at the time. She says in an interview with Salon:

What therapists in the sexual abuse field refer to as repression is actually simple forgetting. Most children who get abused don't understand it at the time. Thus, it is not a significant experience when it happens — it's weird, perhaps — and so they forget it, like we forget so many aspects of childhood. Later on in life they may be asked by a therapist, "Were you sexually abused as a child?" and this question will cue a memory. When this happens it is not an example of a recovered memory. It is an example of normal forgetting and remembering.[6]

On how we should treat sexual abuse victims, Clancy says:

I think practically, sexual abuse victims need to hear loud and clear that what happened to you is what happens to most people. It was wrong and not your fault, and you should report the crime, and the perpetrator should be punished.[6]

Journal articles

[edit]
  • ¿Por qué no hay más Mujeres en la Cima de la Escala Corporativa: Debido a Estereotipos, a Diferencias Biológicas o a Escogencias Personales? / Why aren’t more Women at the Top of the Corporate Ladder: Stereotypes, Biological Differences or Choices (2007)[1][10]
  • Autobiographical memory specificity in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse (2006)[1][11]
  • Clinical characteristics of adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse (2006)[1][12]
  • Sleep paralysis and recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse: A reply to Pendergrast (2006)[1][13]
  • Who needs repression? Normal memory processes can explain “forgetting” of childhood sexual abuse (2005)[1][14]
  • Sleep Paralysis, Sexual Abuse, and Space Alien Abduction (2005)[1][15]
  • Sleep paralysis in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse (2005)[1][16]
  • Reality Monitoring in Adults Reporting Repressed, Recovered, or Continuous Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse (2005)[1][17]
  • Inhibiting retrieval of trauma cues in adults reporting histories of childhood sexual abuse (2004)[1][18]
  • Psychophysiological Responding During Script-Driven Imagery in People Reporting Abduction by Space Aliens (2004)[1][19]
  • Reconceptualizing the teaching team in universities: Working with sessional staff (2002)[1][20]
  • Memory distortion in people reporting abduction by aliens (2002)[1][21]
  • Directed forgetting of trauma cues in adults reporting repressed or recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse (2001)[1][22]
  • False Recognition in Women Reporting Recovered Memories of Sexual Abuse (2000)[1][23]
  • Personality profiles, dissociations, and absorption in women reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse (2000)[1][24]
  • Cognitive processing of trauma cues in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse (2000)[1][25]
  • Effects of guided imagery on memory distortion in women reporting recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse (1999)[1][26]
  • Cardiorespiratory Symptoms in Response to Physiological Arousal (1998)[1][27]
  • Directed forgetting of trauma cues in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (1998)[1][28]
  • Differential diagnosis of palpitations. Preliminary development of a screening instrument (1996)[1][29]
  • Somatized Psychiatric Disorder Presenting as Palpitations. Archives of Internal Medicine (1996)[1][30]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Susan A. Clancy". www.incae.edu. INCAE. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Grierson, Bruce (27 July 2003). "A Bad Trip Down Memory Lane". The New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Carey, Benedict (9 August 2005). "Explaining Those Vivid Memories of Martian Kidnappers". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d Zuger, M.D., Abigail (25 January 2010). "Abusing Not Only Children, but Also Science". The New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d Pinker, Susan (19 February 2010). "Review: The Trauma Myth, by Susan A. Clancy" (Web). theglobeandmail.com. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Rogers, Thomas (19 January 2010). ""The Trauma Myth": The child betrayed". Salon. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  7. ^ "Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped by Aliens". publishersweekly.com. Publishers Weekly. 15 August 2005. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  8. ^ McHugh, Paul (28 June 2008). "Five Best". WSJ.com. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  9. ^ a b Brand, Madeleine (9 November 2005). "'Abducted': The Myth of Alien Kidnappings" (Radio). NPR.org. NPR. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  10. ^ Clancy, Susan (1 January 2007). "¿Por qué no hay más Mujeres en la Cima de la Escala Corporativa: Debido a Estereotipos, a Diferencias Biológicas o a Escogencias Personales? / Why aren't more Women at the Top of the Corporate Ladder: Stereotypes, Biological Differences or Choices Made?". Revista Latinoamericana de Administración. 38 (1): 1–8. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  11. ^ McNally, R. J.; Clancy, S.; Barrett, H. M.; Parker, H.A.; Ristuccia, C.S.; Perlman, C.A (1 January 2006). "Autobiographical memory specificity in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse". Cognition and Emotion. 20 (4): 527–535. doi:10.1080/02699930500342779. PMID 26529220. S2CID 22799440. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  12. ^ McNally, R.J.; Perlman, C.A.; Ristuccia, C.S.; Clancy, S. (1 January 2006). "Clinical characteristics of adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 74 (2): 237–242. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.2.237. PMID 16649868. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  13. ^ McNally, R.J.; Clancy, S. (1 January 2006). "Sleep paralysis and recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse: A reply to Pendergrast". Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 20 (4): 538–540. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.04.002. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  14. ^ Clancy, S.; McNally, R.J.; Richard, J. (1 January 2005). "Who needs repression? Normal memory processes can explain "forgetting" of childhood sexual abuse". The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice. 4 (2): 66–73. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  15. ^ McNally, R.J.; Clancy, S. (1 January 2005). "Sleep Paralysis, Sexual Abuse, and Space Alien Abduction". Transcultural Psychiatry. 42 (1): 113–122. doi:10.1177/1363461505050715. PMID 15881271. S2CID 9569785. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  16. ^ McNally, R.J.; Clancy, S. (1 January 2005). "Sleep paralysis in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse". Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 19 (5): 595–602. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.05.003. PMID 15749576. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  17. ^ McNally, R.J.; Clancy, S.; Barrett, H.M.; Parker, H.A. (1 January 2005). "Reality Monitoring in Adults Reporting Repressed, Recovered, or Continuous Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 114 (1): 147–152. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.1.147. PMID 15709821. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  18. ^ McNally, R.J.; Clancy, S.; Barrett, H.M.; Parker, H.A. (1 January 2004). "Inhibiting retrieval of trauma cues in adults reporting histories of childhood sexual abuse". Cognition and Emotion. 18 (4): 479–493. doi:10.1080/02699930341000400. S2CID 144721107. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  19. ^ McNally, R.J.; Lasko, N.B.; Clancy, S.; Macklin, M.L.; Pitman, R.K.; Orr, S.P. (1 January 2004). "Psychophysiological Responding During Script-Driven Imagery in People Reporting Abduction by Space Aliens". Psychological Science. 15 (7): 493–497. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00707.x. PMID 15200635. S2CID 25341307. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  20. ^ Coombe, K.; Clancy, S. (1 January 2002). "Reconceptualizing the teaching team in universities: Working with sessional staff". International Journal for Academic Development. 7 (2): 159–166. doi:10.1080/1360144032000071297. S2CID 145510394. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  21. ^ Clancy, S.; McNally, R.J.; Schacter, D.L.; Lenzenweger, M.F.; Pitman, R.K. (1 January 2002). "Memory distortion in people reporting abduction by aliens". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 111 (3): 455–461. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.3.455. PMID 12150421. S2CID 7729370. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  22. ^ McNally, R.J.; Clancy, S.; Schacter, D.L. (1 January 2001). "Directed forgetting of trauma cues in adults reporting repressed or recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 110 (1): 151–156. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.110.1.151. PMID 11261390. S2CID 11045962. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  23. ^ Clancy, S.; Schacter, D.L.; McNally, R.J.; Pitman, R.K. (1 January 2000). "False Recognition in Women Reporting Recovered Memories of Sexual Abuse". Psychological Science. 11 (1): 26–31. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00210. PMID 11228839. S2CID 3814525. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  24. ^ McNally, R.J.; Clancy, S.; Schacter, D.L.; Pitman, R.K. (1 January 2000). "Personality profiles, dissociations, and absorption in women reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 68 (6): 1033–1037. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.6.1033. PMID 11142537. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  25. ^ McNally, R.J.; Clancy, S.; Schacter, D.L.; Pitman, R.K. (1 January 2000). "Cognitive processing of trauma cues in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 109 (3): 355–359. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.3.355. PMID 11016105. S2CID 22791932. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  26. ^ Clancy, S.; McNally, R.J.; Schacter, D.L. (1 January 1999). "Effects of guided imagery on memory distortion in women reporting recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse". Journal of Traumatic Stress. 12 (4): 559–569. doi:10.1023/a:1024704815234. PMID 10646176. S2CID 33960577. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  27. ^ Barsky, A.J.; Orav, J.E.; Delamater, B.A.; Clancy, S.; Hartley, L.H. (1 January 1998). "Cardiorespiratory Symptoms in Response to Physiological Arousal". Psychosomatic Medicine. 60 (5): 604–609. doi:10.1097/00006842-199809000-00016. PMID 9773765. S2CID 35914206. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  28. ^ McNally, R.J.; Metzger, L.J.; Lasko, N.B.; Clancy, S.; Pitman, R.K. (1 January 1998). "Directed forgetting of trauma cues in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse with and without posttraumatic stress disorder". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 107 (4): 596–601. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.4.596. PMID 9830247. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  29. ^ Barsky, A.J.; Ahern, D.K; Delamater, B.A.; Clancy, S.; Bailey, E.D. (1 January 1996). "Differential diagnosis of palpitations. Preliminary development of a screening instrument". Archives of Family Medicine. 6 (3): 241–245. doi:10.1001/archfami.6.3.241. PMID 9161349. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  30. ^ Barsky, A.J.; Delamater, B.A.; Clancy, S.; Antman, E.M.; Ahern, D.K. (1 January 1996). "Somatized Psychiatric Disorder Presenting as Palpitations". Archives of Internal Medicine. 156 (10): 1102–1108. doi:10.1001/archinte.156.10.1102. PMID 8638998. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
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