Jonge Thomas: Difference between revisions
→Wreck: ce |
|||
| (19 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Dutch ship ( |
{{Short description|Dutch ship (1764–1773)}} |
||
{{Draft topics|western-europe|transportation}} |
|||
{{AfC submission/draft}} |
|||
{|{{Infobox ship begin|infobox caption=''Jonge Thomas'' |display title=ital}} |
{|{{Infobox ship begin|infobox caption=''Jonge Thomas'' |display title=ital}} |
||
| Line 17: | Line 15: | ||
|Ship completed=1764 |
|Ship completed=1764 |
||
|Ship launched= |
|Ship launched= |
||
|Ship fate=[[Shipwreck|Wrecked]] on 25 July 1773 |
|Ship fate=[[Shipwreck|Wrecked]] on 25 July 1773 |
||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Infobox ship characteristics |
{{Infobox ship characteristics |
||
| Line 48: | Line 46: | ||
'''''Jonge Thomas''''', also written as '''''De Jonge Thomas''''' was an 18th-century [[East Indiaman]] of the [[Dutch East India Company]]. |
'''''Jonge Thomas''''', also written as '''''De Jonge Thomas''''' was an 18th-century [[East Indiaman]] of the [[Dutch East India Company]]. |
||
''Jonge Thomas'' was a merchant ship who sailed several times to the [[Dutch East Indies]] and China. During her fourth voyage she wrecked at [[Table Bay]]. [[Wolraad Woltemade]] and his horse successfully entered the water seven times and rescued fourteen people. He and his horse died during the eighth attempt.<ref>{{Cite book|url= https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/oord002mooi01_01/oord002mooi01_01_0011.php |title= Mooi Annie of de schipbreukelinge {{!}} Chapter 3: "De schipbreuk der 'Jonge Thomas.'"|via=[[Digital Library for Dutch Literature]]|date=1898|language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/wolraad-woltemade-drowns-sea-after-saving-14-people-sinking-ship |title=Wolraad Woltemade drowns at sea after saving 14 people from a sinking ship|work=South African History Online|date=15 March 2022}}</ref> The ship had 296-360 crew members, hunders of them would have drowned.<ref name=VOC /> |
|||
During the last part of her fifth return voyage from Batavia, Dutch East Indies, she wrecked 25 July 1779 near [[Dishoek]]. Around 49 people drowned. 87 crew members were rescued during the rescue operation initiated by {{ill|Frans Naerebout|nl}}. The rescuers were rewarded, Naerebout became famous and received after his death a statue at [[Vlissingen]]. Pilot Thijs Wiegman was blamed for the disaster and was severely punished. |
|||
A range of depictions were made of the sinking of the ship and the rescue operation; |
A range of depictions were made of the sinking of the ship and the rescue operation; multiple of them are in the [[Yale Center for British Art]] collection and collection of the [[Rijksmuseum]] in Amsterdam. |
||
==Ship details== |
==Ship details== |
||
''Jonge Thomas'' was built in 1764 in [[Amsterdam]] for the {{ill|Chamber of Amsterdam|nl|VOC-Kamer Amsterdam}}. She was made of wood and was 150 feet long. She had a loading capacity of 1150 tons and a capacity for up to 360 crew members.<ref name=VOC>{{Cite web|url= https://www.vocsite.nl/schepen/11028/ |title= Jonge Thomas (1764)|work=vocsite.nl |
''Jonge Thomas'' was built in 1764 in [[Amsterdam]] for the {{ill|Chamber of Amsterdam|nl|VOC-Kamer Amsterdam}}. She was made of wood and was 150 feet long. She had a loading capacity of 1150 tons and a capacity for up to 360 crew members.<ref name=VOC>{{Cite web|url= https://www.vocsite.nl/schepen/11028/ |title= Jonge Thomas (1764)|work=vocsite.nl|language=nl}}</ref> |
||
==History and fate== |
==History and fate== |
||
On 25 October 1765 she made her first voyage to [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] under command of Jacob Wiebe. She had an intermediate stop at [[Cape of Good Hope]] for two weeks in March 1766 and arrived at Batavia on 25 June 1766. She continued the same year to Canton, China. |
On 25 October 1765 she made her first voyage to [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] under command of Jacob Wiebe. She had an intermediate stop at [[Cape of Good Hope]] for two weeks in March 1766 and arrived at Batavia on 25 June 1766. She continued the same year to Canton, China.<ref name=VOC /> |
||
In total the ship completed three voyages to the Dutch East Indies. |
In total the ship completed three voyages to the Dutch East Indies.<ref name=VOC /> |
||
During her fourth voyage to the Dutch East Indies, storm she lost her anchors during a storm and ran aground on a sand bar at [[Table Bay]] near [[Cape of Good Hope]]. Many lives were lost as the ship started to break up but a substantial number of survivors were left clinging to the hull. The stricken ship was not too far from dry land and many sailors attempted to swim ashore. Most of those who did so perished; the water was cold and the current from the nearby Salt River too great. Except for the very strongest swimmers, those who headed for the shore were carried out to sea. |
During her fourth voyage to the Dutch East Indies, storm she lost her anchors during a storm and ran aground on a sand bar at [[Table Bay]] near [[Cape of Good Hope]]. Many lives were lost as the ship started to break up but a substantial number of survivors were left clinging to the hull. The stricken ship was not too far from dry land and many sailors attempted to swim ashore. Most of those who did so perished; the water was cold and the current from the nearby Salt River too great. Except for the very strongest swimmers, those who headed for the shore were carried out to sea.<ref name=VOC /> |
||
==Aftermath== |
==Aftermath== |
||
[[File:Woltemade op een centsprent.jpg|thumb|[[Catchpenny print]]: rescuing people with in the background the sinking ''Jonge Thomas'']] |
|||
A crowd of spectators stood on the beach. Some came to watch, others to try to help and yet others were hoping to loot the cargo that was being washed ashore. A detachment of soldiers was in attendance to keep order among the spectators. Governor [[Joachim van Plettenberg]] sent 30 soldiers to the beach, to guard the ship and prevent washed-up cargo from being stolen. [[Wolraad Woltemade]], father of one of the soldiers, went to the beach to bring him food. After seeing the sinking ship he went with his horse into the water. Seven times he returned out of the water rescuing fourteen people; two people every time. During the eight rescue attempt he drowned with his horse due to fatigue and due to desperate sailors who cling to the horse. |
A crowd of spectators stood on the beach. Some came to watch, others to try to help and yet others were hoping to loot the cargo that was being washed ashore. A detachment of soldiers was in attendance to keep order among the spectators. Governor [[Joachim van Plettenberg]] sent 30 soldiers to the beach, to guard the ship and prevent washed-up cargo from being stolen. [[Wolraad Woltemade]], father of one of the soldiers, went to the beach to bring him food. After seeing the sinking ship he went with his horse into the water. Seven times he returned out of the water rescuing fourteen people; two people every time. During the eight rescue attempt he drowned with his horse due to fatigue and due to desperate sailors who cling to the horse.<ref name=VOC /> |
||
He became famous for his heroic deed. Among others in 1774 a VOC ship was named after him, and a statue was made of him. |
He became famous for his heroic deed. Among others in 1774 a VOC ship was named after him, and a statue was made of him.<ref name=VOC /> |
||
==Depictions== |
==Depictions== |
||
A number of depictions were made of the disaster of ''Jonge Thomas'', multiple of them are now in collections of museums, the [[Yale Center for British Art]] collection and collection of the [[Rijksmuseum]] in Amsterdam. |
|||
[[Yale Center for British Art]] |
|||
{{ill|Engel Hoogerheyden|nl}} (1740-1807) made together with Czech-Dutch engraver [[Mathias de Sallieth]] (1749-1791) and engraver [[Arend Wzn Fokke]] a series of four copper engravings of the destruction of the ''Woestduin''.<ref name=VOC /> |
|||
<gallery> |
<gallery> |
||
File:George Romney - Wolgemuth Rescuing the Shipwrecked off the Cape of Good Hope - Google Art Project.jpg|Drawing by [[George Romney (painter)|George Romney]]<br>([[Yale Center for British Art]] collection) |
|||
File:Het schip Woestduin loopt vast op de Noorderrassen, 1779 Het vast-zeilen van het O.J.Comp. schip Woestduyn, op de Noorder-rassen. den 24 July 1779 (titel op object) De Gebroeders Naerebout redden de, RP-P-OB-85.034.jpg|''Woestduin'' in distress |
|||
File:Heldendood van Woltemade bij Kaap de Goede Hoop, 1773.jpg|Drawing by [[Walraad Nieuwhoff]], after [[Haatje Pieters Oosterhuis]]<br>([[Rijksmuseum]] collection) |
|||
File:Kappen van de masten van het schip Woestduin, 1779 Het kappen van tuig en masten van het O.I. Comp. Schip Woestduyn, op den 24 July des avonds om 8 uren 1779 (titel op object), RP-P-OB-52.208.jpg|Cutting down the masts |
|||
File:Het schip Woestduin slaat aan stukken, 1779 Het aan stukken slaan van het O.I.Comp. schip Woestduyn des nachts tusschen 10 en 12 Uuren op den 24 July 1779 (titel op object) De Gebroeders Naerebout r, RP-P-OB-85.036.jpg|''Woestduin'' smashed to pieces |
|||
File:Redden van de opvarenden van het schip Woestduin, 1779 Het redden van 't volk van de wrakken van het O.I.Comp. schip Woestduyn des Morgens vroeg op den 25 July 1779 (titel op object) De Gebroeders N, RP-P-OB-85.037.jpg|The rescue operation |
|||
</gallery> |
|||
The [[Rijksmuseum]] in Amsterdam has in their collection also a number of other depictions of the disaster of the ''Woestduin'' and rescue operation. |
|||
<gallery> |
|||
File:Redding van de opvarenden van de Woestduin, 1779 Het Blyven van 't O I Compagnie-schip Woestduyn, voor de Zeeuwsche-Kust (titel op object), RP-P-OB-85.038.jpg|Depiction by [[Dirk de Jong]] |
|||
File:Schipbreuk van de Woestduin, 1779 't Verongelukken van 't O.I. Comp. Retourschip Woestduijn voor Zeeland op de Noorder-Rasse, den 24 July 1779 (titel op object), RP-P-OB-85.039.jpg|anonymous depiction |
|||
File:Redding van de opvarenden van de Woestduin, 1779 De gebroeders Naerebout redden 87 Schepelingen (titel op object), RP-P-OB-85.040.jpg|anonymous depiction |
|||
File:Gebroeders Naerebout redden de opvarenden van de Woestduin, 1779, RP-T-00-1461.jpg|Depiction by [[Jacobus Buys]] |
|||
</gallery> |
</gallery> |
||
==Wreck== |
|||
The wreck is protected under the National Heritage Resources Act, No. 25 of 1999. The wreck of ''Jonge Thomas'' was reportedly salvaged by the African Salvage Corporation Ltd. However more information about the salvaging has not been published.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://mass.cultureelerfgoed.nl/jonge-thomas |title= Jonge Thomas (+1773)|work=Cultureel Erfgoed|language=nl}}</ref> |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
| Line 89: | Line 82: | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jonge Thomas}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jonge Thomas}} |
||
{{Draft categories| |
|||
[[Category:Ships of the Dutch East India Company]] |
[[Category:Ships of the Dutch East India Company]] |
||
[[Category:1764 ships]] |
[[Category:1764 ships]] |
||
| Line 95: | Line 87: | ||
[[Category:Shipwrecks of South Africa]] |
[[Category:Shipwrecks of South Africa]] |
||
[[Category:1770s in the Dutch Empire]] |
[[Category:1770s in the Dutch Empire]] |
||
[[Category:1770s in Africa]] |
|||
[[Category:1770s disasters]] |
[[Category:1770s disasters]] |
||
[[Category:Ships built in Amsterdam]] |
|||
}} |
|||
Latest revision as of 15:12, 29 January 2024
 Jonge Thomas in distress in 1773
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Dutch Republic | |
| Name | Jonge Thomas |
| Owner | |
| Completed | 1764 |
| Fate | Wrecked on 25 July 1773 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | East Indiaman |
| Length | 150 feet[1] |
| Capacity | loading capacity: 1150 tons [1] |
| Crew | 296-360[1] |
Jonge Thomas, also written as De Jonge Thomas was an 18th-century East Indiaman of the Dutch East India Company.
Jonge Thomas was a merchant ship who sailed several times to the Dutch East Indies and China. During her fourth voyage she wrecked at Table Bay. Wolraad Woltemade and his horse successfully entered the water seven times and rescued fourteen people. He and his horse died during the eighth attempt.[2][3] The ship had 296-360 crew members, hunders of them would have drowned.[1]
A range of depictions were made of the sinking of the ship and the rescue operation; multiple of them are in the Yale Center for British Art collection and collection of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
Ship details
[edit]Jonge Thomas was built in 1764 in Amsterdam for the Chamber of Amsterdam. She was made of wood and was 150 feet long. She had a loading capacity of 1150 tons and a capacity for up to 360 crew members.[1]
History and fate
[edit]On 25 October 1765 she made her first voyage to Batavia under command of Jacob Wiebe. She had an intermediate stop at Cape of Good Hope for two weeks in March 1766 and arrived at Batavia on 25 June 1766. She continued the same year to Canton, China.[1]
In total the ship completed three voyages to the Dutch East Indies.[1]
During her fourth voyage to the Dutch East Indies, storm she lost her anchors during a storm and ran aground on a sand bar at Table Bay near Cape of Good Hope. Many lives were lost as the ship started to break up but a substantial number of survivors were left clinging to the hull. The stricken ship was not too far from dry land and many sailors attempted to swim ashore. Most of those who did so perished; the water was cold and the current from the nearby Salt River too great. Except for the very strongest swimmers, those who headed for the shore were carried out to sea.[1]
Aftermath
[edit]
A crowd of spectators stood on the beach. Some came to watch, others to try to help and yet others were hoping to loot the cargo that was being washed ashore. A detachment of soldiers was in attendance to keep order among the spectators. Governor Joachim van Plettenberg sent 30 soldiers to the beach, to guard the ship and prevent washed-up cargo from being stolen. Wolraad Woltemade, father of one of the soldiers, went to the beach to bring him food. After seeing the sinking ship he went with his horse into the water. Seven times he returned out of the water rescuing fourteen people; two people every time. During the eight rescue attempt he drowned with his horse due to fatigue and due to desperate sailors who cling to the horse.[1]
He became famous for his heroic deed. Among others in 1774 a VOC ship was named after him, and a statue was made of him.[1]
Depictions
[edit]A number of depictions were made of the disaster of Jonge Thomas, multiple of them are now in collections of museums, the Yale Center for British Art collection and collection of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
Wreck
[edit]The wreck is protected under the National Heritage Resources Act, No. 25 of 1999. The wreck of Jonge Thomas was reportedly salvaged by the African Salvage Corporation Ltd. However more information about the salvaging has not been published.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Jonge Thomas (1764)". vocsite.nl (in Dutch).
- ^ Mooi Annie of de schipbreukelinge | Chapter 3: "De schipbreuk der 'Jonge Thomas.'" (in Dutch). 1898 – via Digital Library for Dutch Literature.
- ^ "Wolraad Woltemade drowns at sea after saving 14 people from a sinking ship". South African History Online. 15 March 2022.
- ^ "Jonge Thomas (+1773)". Cultureel Erfgoed (in Dutch).