Catherine Tishem: Difference between revisions
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'''Catherine Thysmans''' alias '''Tishem''' (died 1595) was an erudite woman from [[Antwerp]] who educated her son, the celebrated scholar [[Jan Gruter]], while in exile in England. She was the one woman in England under the bourgeoisie to be known as a classical scholar.<ref name=rmw>{{cite book|last= Warnicke|first= Retha M.|title=Women of the English Renaissance and Reformation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-kbTiIYODJMC&pg=PA106|page=106|publisher=ABC-CLIO|date=1983|ISBN=0313236119|accessdate=22 March 2019}}</ref> |
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'''Catherine Tishem''' (d. after 1577) was a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] woman who fled to [[England]] to escape religious persecution during the 16th Century. |
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The principal source for Catherine Tishem's life is a worshipful tribute to her son, |
The principal source for Catherine Tishem's life is a worshipful tribute to her son, Jan Gruter, written by one of his pupils, Balthasar Venator.<ref>Venator, Balthasar. ''Panegyricus Jan Grutero scriptus''. 1631.</ref><ref>Foster, Leonard. ''Janus Gruter's English years: Studies in the continuity of Dutch literature in exile in Elizabethan England''. Oxford University Press, 1967.</ref> According to Venator, Tishem was a remarkably erudite woman, fluent in [[Latin language|Latin]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], and [[English language|English]] and able to read [[Galen]]'s original text. |
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In 1558 in [[Antwerp]], Tishem married a widowed and wealthy merchant and juror, Wouter Gruter (also "Walterus", "de Gruytere", etc.), originally from [[Breda]]. They had four children, Jan being born in December 1560.<ref name=rmw/> Her husband co-signed the [[Compromise of Nobles]] in 1566,<ref name=pf/> and to flee prosecution in the [[Spanish Netherlands]], they moved to the Dutch Calvinist exile community of [[Norwich]]. Some biographies of Jan Gruter claim that Tishem was originally from Norwich herself,<ref name=pf>Fuchs, Peter, [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd115672060.html#ndbcontent Gruter, Jan] in ''[[Neue Deutsche Biographie]]'' 7 (1966), pages. 238-240 [Online-Version]</ref><ref name=bodl>[http://emlo-portal.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/collections/?catalogue=jan-gruter Jan Gruter] at Early Modern Letters Online</ref> though Thijsmans/Thysmans was a regular Flemish [[patronymic]]. When their son enrolled at the new [[Leiden University]] in Holland in 1578/1579, Catherine and Wouter returned to Antwerp, but the [[Fall of Antwerp|Siege of Antwerp]] in 1584 made them flee again, this time to [[Lübeck]] and then [[Gdańsk]].<ref name=bodl/> Wouter Gruter died in Gdańsk in 1588,<ref name=bodl/> and, according to Peter Fuchs, Catherine died in 1595.<ref name=pf/> <!--if he extracted this from "Panegyricus Jan Grutero scriptus" that should be confirmable--> |
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In 1558, Tishem married [[Gualtherius Gruter]], burgomaster of [[Antwerp]]. Ten years later, they fled religious persecution to the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] exile community of [[Norwich]] in England. Catherine eventually returned to the [[Netherlands]] in 1577. |
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According to Venator, Tishem was a remarkably erudite woman, fluent in [[Latin language|Latin]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], and [[English language|English]]. She supervised the education of her son, who became a celebrated classical scholar. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tishem, Catherine}} |
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[[Category:1595 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
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[[Category:Year of death uncertain]] |
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[[Category:16th-century Dutch women]] |
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[[Category:16th-century Dutch people]] |
[[Category:16th-century Dutch people]] |
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[[Category:Emigrants from the Spanish Netherlands]] |
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[[Category:Flemish classical scholars]] |
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[[Category:People from Antwerp]] |
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[[Category:Women classical scholars]] |
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[[Category:People of the Protestant Reformation]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:51, 3 February 2024
Catherine Thysmans alias Tishem (died 1595) was an erudite woman from Antwerp who educated her son, the celebrated scholar Jan Gruter, while in exile in England. She was the one woman in England under the bourgeoisie to be known as a classical scholar.[1]
The principal source for Catherine Tishem's life is a worshipful tribute to her son, Jan Gruter, written by one of his pupils, Balthasar Venator.[2][3] According to Venator, Tishem was a remarkably erudite woman, fluent in Latin, Greek, French, Italian, and English and able to read Galen's original text.
In 1558 in Antwerp, Tishem married a widowed and wealthy merchant and juror, Wouter Gruter (also "Walterus", "de Gruytere", etc.), originally from Breda. They had four children, Jan being born in December 1560.[1] Her husband co-signed the Compromise of Nobles in 1566,[4] and to flee prosecution in the Spanish Netherlands, they moved to the Dutch Calvinist exile community of Norwich. Some biographies of Jan Gruter claim that Tishem was originally from Norwich herself,[4][5] though Thijsmans/Thysmans was a regular Flemish patronymic. When their son enrolled at the new Leiden University in Holland in 1578/1579, Catherine and Wouter returned to Antwerp, but the Siege of Antwerp in 1584 made them flee again, this time to Lübeck and then Gdańsk.[5] Wouter Gruter died in Gdańsk in 1588,[5] and, according to Peter Fuchs, Catherine died in 1595.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Warnicke, Retha M. (1983). Women of the English Renaissance and Reformation. ABC-CLIO. p. 106. ISBN 0313236119. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
- ^ Venator, Balthasar. Panegyricus Jan Grutero scriptus. 1631.
- ^ Foster, Leonard. Janus Gruter's English years: Studies in the continuity of Dutch literature in exile in Elizabethan England. Oxford University Press, 1967.
- ^ a b c Fuchs, Peter, Gruter, Jan in Neue Deutsche Biographie 7 (1966), pages. 238-240 [Online-Version]
- ^ a b c Jan Gruter at Early Modern Letters Online