Diver's pump: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
clean up sfn references |
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 |
||
| (20 intermediate revisions by 11 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{ |
{{Short description|Manually powered surface air supply for divers}} |
||
{{Infobox diving equipment |
{{Infobox diving equipment |
||
|name = Diver's pump |
|name = Diver's pump |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
|acronym = |
|acronym = |
||
|other_names = Diving air pump |
|other_names = Diving air pump |
||
|uses = |
|uses = Supply of breathing air to a copper helmet diver |
||
|inventor = |
|inventor = |
||
|manufacturer = |
|manufacturer = |
||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
A '''diver's pump''' is a manually operated low pressure air compressor used to provide divers in [[standard diving dress]] with air while they are underwater.<ref name=davis>{{cite book |author= |
A '''diver's pump''' is a manually operated low pressure air compressor used to provide divers in [[standard diving dress]] with air while they are underwater.<ref name=davis>{{cite book |author=Davis, RH |author-link=Robert Davis (inventor) |title=Deep Diving and Submarine Operations |year=1955 |edition=6th |publisher=[[Siebe Gorman|Siebe Gorman & Company Ltd]] |location=Tolworth, Surbiton, Surrey |pages=693 }}</ref><ref name=stillson>{{cite journal |author=Stillson, GD |title=Report in Deep Diving Tests. |journal=US Bureau of Construction and Repair, Navy Department. Technical Report |year=1915 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6527 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707004605/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6527 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=July 7, 2012 |access-date=2008-09-12 }}</ref> |
||
==Rotary== |
==Rotary== |
||
[[File:Dalgıç hava makinası iç aksam.JPG|thumb|left|Manually operated two-cylinder diver's air pump without cabinet, showing the functional components]] |
[[File:Dalgıç hava makinası iç aksam.JPG|thumb|left|Manually operated two-cylinder diver's air pump without cabinet, showing the functional components]] |
||
[[File:Diving Stockholm 1951. Air supplied from the boat.jpg|thumb|Two men operating a rotary diver's air pump]] |
[[File:Diving Stockholm 1951. Air supplied from the boat.jpg|thumb|Two men operating a rotary diver's air pump]] |
||
[[File:Scaphandre appareil de plongeur Cabirol Cabirol Joseph-Martin.jpg|thumb|Arrangement drawing of a 3-cylinder rotary air pump]] |
|||
Rotary pumps are driven by a [[crankshaft]] that is rotated by handles on two [[flywheel]]s attached to the ends of the shaft on each side of the pump. Rotary pumps were built with one, two or three [[Pneumatic cylinder|cylinder]]s,{{sfn|Pardoe|2016|pp=155–176 }} and are operated by a team of two men. [[Piston]]s attached to the crankshaft draw in air through the [[valve|inlet valves]] and then pump it through the outlet valves to an air hose which delivers the air to the [[standard diving dress|helmet]] of the [[surface supplied diving|diver]]. Cylinders, valves and outlet fittings for air are generally made from [[brass]] for corrosion resistance in the marine environment. Rotary operated pumps were manufactured with single or double action.<ref>Double action cylinders deliver on both the up- and down-stroke.</ref>{{sfn|Pardoe|2016|pp=155–176 }} |
|||
Flow of air through the helmet could be controlled by manually adjusting the back-pressure on the helmet exhaust valve, usually on the lower right side of the bonnet, and by manually adjusting the inlet supply valve on the airline, usually fastened to the front lower left of the corselet.<ref name="USN training" /> Flow rate would also be affected by the surface delivery system and depth. Manual pumps would be operated at the speed necessary for sufficient air supply, which could be judged by delivery pressure and feedback from the diver. Many manual pumps had delivery pressure gauges calibrated in units of water depth - feet or metres of water column - which would provide the supervisor with a reasonable indication of diver depth. If the diver needed more air, the operators would have to crank faster. |
Flow of air through the helmet could be controlled by manually adjusting the back-pressure on the helmet exhaust valve, usually on the lower right side of the bonnet, and by manually adjusting the inlet supply valve on the airline, usually fastened to the front lower left of the corselet.<ref name="USN training" /> Flow rate would also be affected by the surface delivery system and depth. Manual pumps would be operated at the speed necessary for sufficient air supply, which could be judged by delivery pressure and feedback from the diver. Many manual pumps had delivery pressure gauges calibrated in units of water depth - feet or metres of water column - which would provide the supervisor with a reasonable indication of diver depth. If the diver needed more air, the operators would have to crank faster. |
||
| Line 25: | Line 26: | ||
==Lever== |
==Lever== |
||
[[File:Die Gartenlaube (1862) b 797 1.jpg|thumb|Two-cylinder lever pump]] |
[[File:Die Gartenlaube (1862) b 797 1.jpg|thumb|Two-cylinder lever pump]] |
||
Lever pumps have one or two cylinders, which are operated by rocking a beam with handles attached to its ends which is pivoted at the centre for a two-cylinder pump, and at the end for a single cylinder pump.{{sfn|Pardoe|2016|pp=176, 181–185 }} Vertical lever pumps with bell-crank operation were also made, usually for shallow water work. The piston rods are connected to the beam near the pivot.<ref name=davis/><ref name=stillson/> Upward movement of the pistons pulls the air into the cylinders through the inlet valves, and then downward movement pumps the air through the hose to the helmet of the diver in a single action pump. Cylinders, valves and outlet for air are usually made from brass for reliability.<ref name=davis/> |
|||
==Other components== |
==Other components== |
||
[[File:Pressure gauge on Siebe Gorman manual diver's pump P3220126.jpg |
[[File:Pressure gauge on Siebe Gorman manual diver's pump P3220126.jpg|thumb|Pressure gauge on Siebe Gorman manual diver's pump, indicating delivered pressure in pounds per square inch (black) and feet sea water (red)]] |
||
The pump may be mounted in a cabinet for protection during transport and storage, and may be fitted with one or more pressure gauges. |
The pump may be mounted in a cabinet for protection during transport and storage, and may be fitted with one or more pressure gauges. |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
== See also== |
== See also== |
||
* |
* {{annotated link|Standard diving dress}} |
||
* {{annotated link|Diving air compressor}} |
|||
* {{annotated link|Gas booster}} |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
| Line 43: | Line 56: | ||
===Sources=== |
===Sources=== |
||
{{cite book|url=http://www.bhandl.co.uk/sales/assets/SS/2016/06/15/SS150616.pdf |title=The Anthony and Yvonne Pardoe Collection of Diving Helmets and Equipment – illustrated catalogue |publisher=Bearnes Hampton & Littlewood |location=Exeter, UK |date=2016 |last=Staff |ref={{sfnref|Pardoe|2016}} }} |
{{cite book |url=http://www.bhandl.co.uk/sales/assets/SS/2016/06/15/SS150616.pdf |title=The Anthony and Yvonne Pardoe Collection of Diving Helmets and Equipment – illustrated catalogue |publisher=Bearnes Hampton & Littlewood |location=Exeter, UK |date=2016 |last=Staff |ref={{sfnref|Pardoe|2016}} |access-date=2017-12-09 |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029133525/http://www.bhandl.co.uk/sales/assets/SS/2016/06/15/SS150616.pdf |url-status=dead }} |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
* [http://www.divingheritage.com/pumps.htm All about pumps in worlds largest virtual diving museum: Diving Heritage] |
* [http://www.divingheritage.com/pumps.htm All about pumps in worlds largest virtual diving museum: Diving Heritage] |
||
{{Underwater diving}} |
{{Underwater diving|divsup}} |
||
[[Category:Underwater work]] |
|||
[[Category:Diving support equipment]] |
[[Category:Diving support equipment]] |
||
[[Category:Pumps]] |
[[Category:Pumps]] |
||
[[Category:Gas technologies]] |
[[Category:Gas technologies]] |
||
{{Navy-stub}} |
|||
{{Underwater-diving-stub}} |
|||
{{tech-stub}} |
|||
Latest revision as of 12:36, 4 February 2024
 Three cylinder rotary diver's pump "П3" (flywheels removed), manufactured in USSR in 1977. | |
| Other names | Diving air pump |
|---|---|
| Uses | Supply of breathing air to a copper helmet diver |
A diver's pump is a manually operated low pressure air compressor used to provide divers in standard diving dress with air while they are underwater.[1][2]
Rotary
[edit]
Rotary pumps are driven by a crankshaft that is rotated by handles on two flywheels attached to the ends of the shaft on each side of the pump. Rotary pumps were built with one, two or three cylinders,[3] and are operated by a team of two men. Pistons attached to the crankshaft draw in air through the inlet valves and then pump it through the outlet valves to an air hose which delivers the air to the helmet of the diver. Cylinders, valves and outlet fittings for air are generally made from brass for corrosion resistance in the marine environment. Rotary operated pumps were manufactured with single or double action.[4][3]
Flow of air through the helmet could be controlled by manually adjusting the back-pressure on the helmet exhaust valve, usually on the lower right side of the bonnet, and by manually adjusting the inlet supply valve on the airline, usually fastened to the front lower left of the corselet.[5] Flow rate would also be affected by the surface delivery system and depth. Manual pumps would be operated at the speed necessary for sufficient air supply, which could be judged by delivery pressure and feedback from the diver. Many manual pumps had delivery pressure gauges calibrated in units of water depth - feet or metres of water column - which would provide the supervisor with a reasonable indication of diver depth. If the diver needed more air, the operators would have to crank faster.
Lever
[edit]_b_797_1.jpg)
Lever pumps have one or two cylinders, which are operated by rocking a beam with handles attached to its ends which is pivoted at the centre for a two-cylinder pump, and at the end for a single cylinder pump.[6] Vertical lever pumps with bell-crank operation were also made, usually for shallow water work. The piston rods are connected to the beam near the pivot.[1][2] Upward movement of the pistons pulls the air into the cylinders through the inlet valves, and then downward movement pumps the air through the hose to the helmet of the diver in a single action pump. Cylinders, valves and outlet for air are usually made from brass for reliability.[1]
Other components
[edit]
The pump may be mounted in a cabinet for protection during transport and storage, and may be fitted with one or more pressure gauges.
Gallery
[edit]-
Historical Diving Society diving at Stoney Cove, England using two cylinder rotary pump -
Two cylinder lever diver's pump made by "Drägerwerk AG" (Germany) -
The crankshaft of three cylinder diving pump -
Diver in Standard diving dress posing with diver's pump. His helmet is on top of the pump. -
Rotary diver's pump
See also
[edit]- Standard diving dress – Copper helmet with rubberised canvas diving suit and weighted boots
- Diving air compressor – Machine used to compress breathing air for use by underwater divers
- Gas booster – Machine to increase the pressure of compressed gas
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Davis, RH (1955). Deep Diving and Submarine Operations (6th ed.). Tolworth, Surbiton, Surrey: Siebe Gorman & Company Ltd. p. 693.
- ^ a b Stillson, GD (1915). "Report in Deep Diving Tests". US Bureau of Construction and Repair, Navy Department. Technical Report. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b Pardoe 2016, pp. 155–176.
- ^ Double action cylinders deliver on both the up- and down-stroke.
- ^ "U.S. Navy Standard Deep Sea Diving Outfit training film 43424 NA" on YouTube
- ^ Pardoe 2016, pp. 176, 181–185.
Sources
[edit]Staff (2016). The Anthony and Yvonne Pardoe Collection of Diving Helmets and Equipment – illustrated catalogue (PDF). Exeter, UK: Bearnes Hampton & Littlewood. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-29. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
