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Sir Cresswell Cresswell, PC (20 August 1794 – 29 July 1863), born Cresswell Easterby, was an English lawyer, judge and Tory politician. As a judge in the newly created divorce court, Cresswell did much to start the emergence of modern family law by setting divorce on a secular footing, removed from the traditional domain of canon law.

Family

Born at Bigg Market, Newcastle, Cresswell's father was Francis Easterby (died 1834), a merchant and sailor. His mother was Frances Dorothea née Cresswell (1768–1832), daughter of a distinguished northern family that could trace its ancestry back to the twelfth century and service in the Crusades.^[1] The family owned land in Northumberland and were scions of the Cresswells of Bibury, Sidbury and Sherston Pinkney, ancestors of Edward I.^{[citation needed]} Francis adopted the name Cresswell in 1807 when his wife inherited much of the ancestral wealth.^[1]

His brother Addison was the Tory MP for North Northumberland between 1841 and 1857.

Education

Cresswell was educated at Charterhouse School,^[2] where he was a contemporary of Connop Thirlwall, George Grote and Henry Havelock. He attended Trinity College and then Emmanuel College, Cambridge,^[2] where William Henry Maule was his tutor. Graduating BA in 1814, he received the lowest place in the honours list of the entire university.^[3] Nonetheless, he was awarded an MA in 1818 and was called to the bar by the Inner Temple in 1819.^[1]^[2]

Early career

Cresswell began his practice on the northern circuit and fell under the guidance and mentorship of Henry Brougham. Cresswell found his familiarity with his father's nautical career an advantage in the maritime city of Liverpool and he soon established a reputation in commercial and shipping cases. From 1822 to 1830 he was co-author, with Richard Barnewall, of a well-received series of law reports.^[1]

From the 1820s, Brougham's and James Scarlett's energies were directed elsewhere and Cresswell became a leader of the northern circuit, being made recorder of Hull in 1830. In 1834 he was made KC and the same year became Attorney General for the County Palatine of Durham.^[1]

Cresswell had gained a reputation as a "violent Tory" but was elected as Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Liverpool in the 1837 United Kingdom general election^[2] and again in 1841 when he defeated William Ewart. Cresswell was knighted in 1842. A dedicated party-man who loyally followed Sir Robert Peel, Cresswell made little contribution to parliamentary debate.^[1] He resigned his parliamentary seat in 1842 when he was made a judge of the Court of Common Pleas by Peel, being knighted at the same time.^[2] Cresswell's contributions to the common law were modest. He was a cautious judge, somewhat in awe of chief justice Tindal, and was all too willing to concur rather than to take the lead.^[1]

In 1856 Cresswell sat in the Swynfen will case, the case of a contested will that generated extensive satellite litigation including a claim that the plaintiff's counsel, Sir Frederic Thesiger, had been guilty of malpractice in agreeing a settlement without authority. It was further alleged that Cresswell had induced the agreement by suggesting to Thesiger at an early stage that he had formed an unfavourable view of his client's case. At Thesiger's trial, counsel Charles Rann Kennedy described Cresswell's behaviour as being of a "highly criminal nature" amounting to a "fraud" and a "misdemeanour". Cresswell admitted having shared his impressions with Thesiger saying, "If any gentleman had asked me a question about [the trial] I should have answered him", sharing his adverse opinion. While this case raised some negative publicity, no legal action was taken against Cresswell.^[4]

The divorce court

In 1858 he was named the first divorce judge-in-ordinary of the new Probate, Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Court^[2] which replaced the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts and created the remedy of civil divorce. He was reputedly offered a peerage at the time but declined. He did, however, become a privy councillor. Appointed with bipartisan support, such was the sensitivity of the office, there was some disquiet that a notoriously bad-tempered, confirmed bachelor had been appointed in such a role but Cresswell succeeded superbly in establishing tone, procedure and practice.^[1]

The new law increased petitions for divorce one hundredfold and there were fears of chaos but Cresswell took a managerial role in regulating the new flood of litigation. He showed great sensitivity in dealing with genuine grievances but upheld the sanctity of marriage and was capable of being severe when necessary. However, he was also instrumental in moving the legal view of marriage from that based on a sacrament to that based on contract. He worked with colossal speed and energy, deciding over one thousand cases in six years, only one of which was reversed on appeal. He achieved some public fame and huge respect popularly being held as representing the five million married women of Britain.^[1] His activities in this field are referred to in Anthony Trollope's Framley Parsonage; "most marriages are fairly happy, in spite of Sir Cresswell Cresswell".

Death

Cresswell died in office, from complications after a fall from his horse in London,^[2] and was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery. He was unmarried and had no children so he left his considerable fortune of £35,000 (£2.8 million at 2003 prices^[5]) to charity.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Getzler (2004)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cresswell, Sir Cresswell" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 413.
^ "Cresswell, Cresswell (CRSL809C)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^ Pue, W. W. (1990). "Moral panic at the English Bar: Paternal vs. commercial ideologies of legal practice in the 1860s". Law and Social Inquiry. 15 (1): 60–75. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4469.1990.tb00275.x. S2CID 145788677.
^ O'Donoghue, J.; et al. (2004). "Consumer Price Inflation since 1750". Economic Trends. 604: 38–46, March.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Creswell, Sir Creswell". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.

Bibliography

Foss, E. (2006) [1848–64]. A Biographical Dictionary of the Judges of England: From the Conquest to the Present Time 1066–1870. ISBN 1-4286-2959-9., 9.184–7
Getzler, J. S. (2004) "Cresswell, Sir Cresswell (1793–1863)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, accessed 12 August 2007 (subscription or UK public library membership required)
Manson, E. (1904). The Builders of Our Law During the Reign of Queen Victoria. London: Horace Cox.
Swabey & Tristram (1858–65) Probate and Divorce Reports, vols.1–4, English Reports, vol.164

External links

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Cresswell Cresswell

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by William Ewart Viscount Sandon	Member of Parliament for Liverpool 1837 – 1842 With: Viscount Sandon	Succeeded by Sir Thomas Birch, Bt Viscount Sandon

[ODNB-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Getzler (2004)

[eb-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cresswell, Sir Cresswell" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 413.

[3] "Cresswell, Cresswell (CRSL809C)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.

[4] Pue, W. W. (1990). "Moral panic at the English Bar: Paternal vs. commercial ideologies of legal practice in the 1860s". Law and Social Inquiry. 15 (1): 60–75. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4469.1990.tb00275.x. S2CID 145788677.

[5] O'Donoghue, J.; et al. (2004). "Consumer Price Inflation since 1750". Economic Trends. 604: 38–46, March.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|British politician}}
-{{wikisource|Author:Cresswell Cresswell}}
+{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
-'''Sir Cresswell Cresswell''' [[Privy Councillor|PC]] [[King's Counsel|KC]] (20 August 1794 – 29 July 1863), born '''Cresswell Easterby''', was an [[England|English]] [[lawyer]], [[judge]] and [[Tory]] [[politician]]. As a judge in the newly created [[divorce]] court, Cresswell did much to start the emergence of modern [[family law]] by setting divorce on a secular footing, removed from the traditional domain of [[canon law]].
+{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
+'''Sir Cresswell Cresswell''', [[Privy Councillor|PC]] (20 August 1794 – 29 July 1863), born '''Cresswell Easterby''', was an English lawyer, judge and [[Tory]] politician. As a judge in the newly created divorce court, Cresswell did much to start the emergence of modern [[family law]] by setting divorce on a secular footing, removed from the traditional domain of [[canon law]].
 ==Family==
-Born at [[Bigg Market]], [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]], Cresswell's father was Francis Easterby (died 1834), a [[merchant]] and [[sailor]]. His mother was Frances Dorothea ''née'' Cresswell (1768–1832), daughter of a distinguished northern family that could trace its ancestry back to the twelfth century and service in the [[Crusades]].<ref name="ODNB">Getzler (2004)</ref> The family owned land in [[Northumberland]] and were scions of the [[Cresswell]]s of [[Bibury]], [[Sidbury]] and Sherston Pinkney, ancestors of [[Edward I of England|Edward&nbsp;I]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}} Francis adopted the name Cresswell in 1807 when his wife inherited much of the ancestral wealth.<ref name="ODNB"/>
+Born at [[Bigg Market]], [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]], Cresswell's father was Francis Easterby (died 1834), a [[merchant]] and sailor. His mother was Frances Dorothea ''née'' Cresswell (1768–1832), daughter of a distinguished northern family that could trace its ancestry back to the twelfth century and service in the [[Crusades]].<ref name="ODNB">Getzler (2004)</ref> The family owned land in [[Northumberland]] and were scions of the [[Cresswell (surname)|Cresswell]]s of [[Bibury]], [[Sidbury]] and Sherston Pinkney, ancestors of [[Edward I of England|Edward&nbsp;I]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}} Francis adopted the name Cresswell in 1807 when his wife inherited much of the ancestral wealth.<ref name="ODNB"/>
-His brother [[Baker Cresswell]] was the Tory MP for Northumberland between 1841 and 1857.{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}}
+His brother [[Addison Cresswell (MP)|Addison]] was the Tory MP for [[North Northumberland (UK Parliament constituency)|North Northumberland]] between 1841 and 1857.
 ==Education==
-Cresswell was educated at [[Charterhouse School]], where he was a contemporary of [[Connop Thirlwall]], [[George Grote]] and [[Henry Havelock]]. He attended [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity]] and then [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge]] where [[William Henry Maule]] was his tutor. [[Graduation|Graduating]] [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] in 1814, he received the lowest place in the honours list of the entire university.<ref>{{Venn|id=CRSL809C|name=Cresswell, Cresswell}}</ref> Nonetheless, he was awarded an [[Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)|M.A.]] in 1818 and was [[called to the bar]] by the [[Inner Temple]] in 1819.<ref name="ODNB"/>
+Cresswell was educated at [[Charterhouse School]],<ref name="eb"/> where he was a contemporary of [[Connop Thirlwall]], [[George Grote]] and [[Henry Havelock]]. He attended [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]] and then [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge|Emmanuel College]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]],<ref name="eb"/> where [[William Henry Maule]] was his tutor. Graduating BA in 1814, he received the lowest place in the honours list of the entire university.<ref>{{acad|id=CRSL809C|name=Cresswell, Cresswell}}</ref> Nonetheless, he was awarded an [[Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)|MA]] in 1818 and was [[called to the bar]] by the [[Inner Temple]] in 1819.<ref name="ODNB"/><ref name="eb"/>
 ==Early career==
 Cresswell began his practice on the northern circuit and fell under the guidance and mentorship of [[Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux|Henry Brougham]]. Cresswell found his familiarity with his father's nautical career an advantage in the maritime city of [[Liverpool]] and he soon established a reputation in [[commercial law|commercial]] and [[shipping law|shipping]] cases. From 1822 to 1830 he was co-author, with [[Richard Barnewall]], of a well-received series of [[law report]]s.<ref name="ODNB"/>
-From the 1820s, Brougham's and [[James Scarlett, 1st Baron Abinger|James Scarlett]]'s energies were directed elsewhere and Cresswell became a leader of the northern circuit, being made [[recorder (judge)|recorder]] of [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] in 1830. In 1834 he was made [[King's Counsel|KC]] and the same year became [[Attorney General]] for the [[County Palatine]] of [[Durham]].<ref name="ODNB"/>
+From the 1820s, Brougham's and [[James Scarlett, 1st Baron Abinger|James Scarlett]]'s energies were directed elsewhere and Cresswell became a leader of the northern circuit, being made [[recorder (judge)|recorder]] of [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] in 1830. In 1834 he was made [[King's Counsel|KC]] and the same year became [[Attorney General]] for the [[County Palatine]] of [[County Durham|Durham]].<ref name="ODNB"/>
-Cresswell had gained a reputation as a "violent Tory" but was elected as [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Liverpool (UK Parliament constituency)|Liverpool]] in the [[United Kingdom general election, 1837]] and again in [[United Kingdom general election, 1841|1841]] when he defeated [[William Ewart (English politician)|William Ewart]]. Cresswell was [[knight]]ed in 1842. A dedicated party-man who loyally followed Sir [[Robert Peel]], Cresswell made little contribution to parliamentary debate.<ref name="ODNB"/> He resigned his parliamentary seat in 1842 when he was made a judge of the [[Court of Common Pleas (England)|Court of Common Pleas]] by Peel.<ref name="eb">[Anon.] (1911) "[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Sir_Cresswell_Cresswell Sir Cresswell Cresswell]", ''[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]''</ref> Cresswell's contributions to the [[common law]] were modest. He was a cautious judge, somewhat in awe of [[chief justice of the common pleas|chief justice]] [[Nicholas Conyngham Tindal|Tindal]], and was all too willing to concur rather than to take the lead.<ref name="ODNB"/>
+Cresswell had gained a reputation as a "violent Tory" but was elected as [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] Member of Parliament for [[Liverpool (UK Parliament constituency)|Liverpool]] in the [[1837 United Kingdom general election]]<ref name="eb"/> and again in [[1841 United Kingdom general election|1841]] when he defeated [[William Ewart (English politician)|William Ewart]]. Cresswell was [[knight]]ed in 1842. A dedicated party-man who loyally followed Sir [[Robert Peel]], Cresswell made little contribution to parliamentary debate.<ref name="ODNB"/> He resigned his parliamentary seat in 1842 when he was made a judge of the [[Court of Common Pleas (England)|Court of Common Pleas]] by Peel, being knighted at the same time.<ref name="eb">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Cresswell, Sir Cresswell|volume=7|page=413}}</ref> Cresswell's contributions to the [[common law]] were modest. He was a cautious judge, somewhat in awe of [[chief justice of the common pleas|chief justice]] [[Nicholas Conyngham Tindal|Tindal]], and was all too willing to concur rather than to take the lead.<ref name="ODNB"/>
-In 1856 Cresswell sat in the [[Swynfen will case]], the case of a contested will that generated extensive [[satellite litigation]] including a claim that the [[plaintiff]]'s counsel, Sir [[Frederic Thesiger, 1st Baron Chelmsford|Frederic Thesiger]], had been guilty of [[malpractice]] in agreeing a settlement without authority. It was further alleged that Cresswell had induced the agreement by suggesting to Thesiger at an early stage that he had formed an unfavourable view of his client's case. At Thesiger's trial, counsel [[Charles Rann Kennedy]] described Cresswell's behaviour as being of a "highly criminal nature" amounting to a "[[fraud]]" and a "[[misdemeanour]]". Cresswell admitted having shared his impressions with Thesiger saying, "If any gentleman had asked me a question about [the trial] I should have answered him," sharing his adverse opinion. While this case raised some negative publicity, no legal action was taken against Cresswell.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Moral panic at the English Bar: Paternal vs. commercial ideologies of legal practice in the 1860s | author=Pue, W. W. | journal= ''[[Law and Social Inquiry]]'' | volume=15 | year=1990 | pages=60–75 | issue=1}}</ref>
+In 1856 Cresswell sat in the [[Swynfen will case]], the case of a contested will that generated extensive [[satellite litigation]] including a claim that the [[plaintiff]]'s counsel, Sir [[Frederic Thesiger, 1st Baron Chelmsford|Frederic Thesiger]], had been guilty of [[malpractice]] in agreeing a settlement without authority. It was further alleged that Cresswell had induced the agreement by suggesting to Thesiger at an early stage that he had formed an unfavourable view of his client's case. At Thesiger's trial, counsel [[Charles Rann Kennedy]] described Cresswell's behaviour as being of a "highly criminal nature" amounting to a "fraud" and a "[[misdemeanour]]". Cresswell admitted having shared his impressions with Thesiger saying, "If any gentleman had asked me a question about [the trial] I should have answered him", sharing his adverse opinion. While this case raised some negative publicity, no legal action was taken against Cresswell.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Moral panic at the English Bar: Paternal vs. commercial ideologies of legal practice in the 1860s | author=Pue, W. W. | journal= [[Law and Social Inquiry]] | volume=15 | year=1990 | pages=60–75 | issue=1 | doi=10.1111/j.1747-4469.1990.tb00275.x| s2cid=145788677 }}</ref>
 ==The divorce court==
 {{main|Matrimonial Causes Act 1857}}
-In 1858 he was named the first divorce judge-in-ordinary of the new [[Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes|Probate, Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Court]] which replaced the jurisdiction of the [[ecclesiastical court]]s and created the remedy of civil divorce. He was reputedly offered a peerage at the time but declined. He did, however, become a [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|privy councillor]]. Appointed with bipartisan support, such was the sensitivity of the office, there was some disquiet that a notoriously bad-tempered, confirmed bachelor had been appointed in such a role but Cresswell succeeded superbly in establishing tone, procedure and practice.<ref name="ODNB"/>
+In 1858 he was named the first divorce judge-in-ordinary of the new [[Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes|Probate, Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Court]]<ref name="eb"/> which replaced the jurisdiction of the [[ecclesiastical court]]s and created the remedy of civil divorce. He was reputedly offered a peerage at the time but declined. He did, however, become a [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|privy councillor]]. Appointed with bipartisan support, such was the sensitivity of the office, there was some disquiet that a notoriously bad-tempered, confirmed bachelor had been appointed in such a role but Cresswell succeeded superbly in establishing tone, procedure and practice.<ref name="ODNB"/>
-The new law increased petitions for divorce one hundredfold and there were fears of chaos but Cresswell took a managerial role in regulating the new flood of litigation. He showed great sensitivity in dealing with genuine grievances but upheld the sanctity of [[marriage]] and was capable of being severe when necessary. However, he was also instrumental in moving the legal view of divorce from that based on a [[sacrament]] to that based on [[contract]]. He worked with colossal speed and energy, deciding over one thousand cases in six years, only one of which was reversed on [[appeal (law)|appeal]]. He achieved some public fame and huge respect popularly being held as representing the five million married women of Britain.<ref name="ODNB"/> His activities in this field are referred to in [[Anthony Trollope]]'s [[Framley Parsonage]]; 'most marriages are fairly happy, in spite of Sir Cresswell Cresswell'.
+The new law increased petitions for divorce one hundredfold and there were fears of chaos but Cresswell took a managerial role in regulating the new flood of litigation. He showed great sensitivity in dealing with genuine grievances but upheld the sanctity of marriage and was capable of being severe when necessary. However, he was also instrumental in moving the legal view of marriage from that based on a [[sacrament]] to that based on contract. He worked with colossal speed and energy, deciding over one thousand cases in six years, only one of which was reversed on [[appeal (law)|appeal]]. He achieved some public fame and huge respect popularly being held as representing the five million married women of Britain.<ref name="ODNB"/> His activities in this field are referred to in [[Anthony Trollope]]'s [[Framley Parsonage]]; "most marriages are fairly happy, in spite of Sir Cresswell Cresswell".
 ==Death==
-Cresswell died in office, from complications after a fall from his [[horse]] in [[London]], and was buried in [[Kensal Green Cemetery]]. He was unmarried and had no children so he left his considerable fortune of £35,000 (£2.8 million at 2003 prices<ref>{{cite journal | title=Consumer Price Inflation since 1750 | author=O‘Donoghue, J. ''et al.'' | journal=Economic Trends | volume=604 | year=2004 | pages=38–46, March | url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/article.asp?ID=726 }}</ref>) to [[Charity (practice)|charity]].<ref name="ODNB"/>
+Cresswell died in office, from complications after a fall from his horse in London,<ref name="eb"/> and was buried in [[Kensal Green Cemetery]]. He was unmarried and had no children so he left his considerable fortune of £35,000 (£2.8 million at 2003 prices<ref>{{cite journal | title=Consumer Price Inflation since 1750 | author=O'Donoghue, J. | journal=Economic Trends | volume=604 | year=2004 | pages=38–46, March | url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/article.asp?ID=726 |display-authors=etal}}</ref>) to charity.<ref name="ODNB"/>
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
-*{{Nuttall}}
+*{{Nuttall|wstitle=Creswell, Sir Creswell}}
-*{{1911}}
 ==Bibliography==
+*{{cite book | author=Foss, E. | title=A Biographical Dictionary of the Judges of England: From the Conquest to the Present Time 1066–1870 | origyear=1848–64 | year=2006 | isbn=1-4286-2959-9 | authorlink=Edward Foss }}, 9.184–7
-*[Anon.] (1911) "[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Sir_Cresswell_Cresswell Sir Cresswell Cresswell]", ''[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]''
-*{{cite book | author=Foss, E. | title=A Biographical Dictionary of the Judges of England: From the Conquest to the Present Time 1066-1870 | origyear=1848–64 | year=2006 | isbn=1-4286-2959-9 | authorlink=Edward Foss }}, 9.184–7
 *Getzler, J. S. (2004) "[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/6673 Cresswell, Sir Cresswell (1793–1863)]", ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', Oxford University Press, accessed 12 August 2007 {{ODNBsub}}
-*{{cite book | author=Manson, E. | year=1904 | title=The Builders of Our Law During the Reign of Queen Victoria | location=London | publisher=Horace Cox }}
+*{{cite book | author=Manson, E. | year=1904 | title=The Builders of Our Law During the Reign of Queen Victoria | url=https://archive.org/details/buildersourlawd00mansgoog | location=London | publisher=Horace Cox }}
-*Swabey & Tristram (1858–65) ''Probate and Divorce Reports'', vols.1-4, ''[[English Reports]]'', vol.164
+*Swabey & Tristram (1858–65) ''Probate and Divorce Reports'', vols.1–4, ''[[English Reports]]'', vol.164
 == External links ==
+{{wikisource author}}
 * {{Hansard-contribs | mr-cresswell-cresswell | Cresswell Cresswell }}
@@ Line 46: / Line 47: @@
 {{s-par|uk}}
 {{succession box
- | title  = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Liverpool (UK Parliament constituency)|Liverpool]]
+ | title  = Member of Parliament for [[Liverpool (UK Parliament constituency)|Liverpool]]
- | years  = [[United Kingdom general election, 1837|1837]] – [[Liverpool by-election, 1842|1842]]
+ | years  = [[1837 United Kingdom general election|1837]] – [[1842 Liverpool by-election|1842]]
  | with   = [[Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby|Viscount Sandon]]
  | before = [[William Ewart (English politician)|William Ewart]]<br />[[Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby|Viscount Sandon]]
@@ Line 54: / Line 55: @@
 {{s-end}}
-{{Authority control|VIAF=24293323}}
+{{Authority control}}
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
-| NAME              = Cresswell, Cresswell
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British politician
-| DATE OF BIRTH     = 20 August 1794
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    =
-| DATE OF DEATH     = 29 July 1863
-| PLACE OF DEATH    =
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Cresswell, Cresswell}}
 [[Category:1794 births]]
@@ Line 69: / Line 62: @@
 [[Category:English lawyers]]
 [[Category:Justices of the Common Pleas]]
-[[Category:UK MPs 1837–41]]
+[[Category:UK MPs 1837–1841]]
 [[Category:UK MPs 1841–1847]]
-[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs]]
+[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
 [[Category:People educated at Charterhouse School]]
-[[Category:Members of the United Kingdom Parliament for English constituencies]]
+[[Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Liverpool]]
+[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]

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