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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| image = Great Barbet (Megalaima virens) Cropped.jpg
| image = Great Barbet (Megalaima virens) Cropped.jpg
| image_caption =
| image_caption = Great barbet in [[Godawari, Lalitpur]]
| image2=MegalaimaVirens.ogg
| image2=MegalaimaVirens.ogg
| genus = Psilopogon
| genus = Psilopogon
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| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |publisher=[[IUCN]] |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2016 |volume=2016 |title=''Psilopogon virens'' |page=e.T22681591A130043742 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22681591A130043742.en |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22681591/130043742}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |title=''Psilopogon virens'' |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |page=e.T22681591A130043742 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22681591A130043742.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
}}
}}


The '''great barbet''' (''Psilopogon virens'') is an [[Megalaimidae|Asian barbet]] native to the [[Indian sub-continent]] and [[Southeast Asia]], where it inhabits foremost forests up to {{convert|3000|m|abbr=on}} altitude. It has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2004 because of its wide distribution.<ref name=iucn/>
The '''great barbet''' ('''''Psilopogon virens''''') is an [[Megalaimidae|Asian barbet]] native to the [[Indian sub-continent]] and [[Southeast Asia]], where it inhabits forests up to {{convert|3000|m|abbr=on}} altitude. It has been listed as [[Least Concern]] on the [[IUCN Red List]] since 2004 because of its wide distribution.<ref name=iucn/>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
[[File:4G4A9836.jpg|thumb|Great barbet in [[Ba Bể National Park]]]]
The great barbet was described by the French polymath [[Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon]] in 1781 in his ''Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux'' from a specimen collected in China.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Buffon | first=Georges-Louis Leclerc de | author-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | year=1781 | title=Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux | volume=Volume 13 | place=Paris | publisher=De L'Imprimerie Royale | page=159 | chapter=Le grand barbu | language=French | chapter-url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42410640 }}</ref> The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by [[François-Nicolas Martinet]] in the ''Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle'' which was produced under the supervision of [[Edme-Louis Daubenton]] to accompany Buffon's text.<ref>{{ cite book | last1=Buffon | first1=Georges-Louis Leclerc de | author1-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | last2=Martinet | first2=François-Nicolas | author2-link=François-Nicolas Martinet | last3=Daubenton | first3=Edme-Louis | author3-link=Edme-Louis Daubenton | last4=Daubenton | first4=Louis-Jean-Marie | author4-link=Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton | year=1765–1783 | chapter=Grand barbu, de la Chine | title=Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle | volume=Volume 9 | place=Paris | publisher=De L'Imprimerie Royale | at=Plate 871 | chapter-url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35224645 }}</ref> Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist [[Pieter Boddaert]] coined the [[binomial name]] ''Bucco virens'' in his catalogue of the ''Planches Enluminées''.<ref>{{cite book | last=Boddaert | first=Pieter | author-link=Pieter Boddaert | year=1783 | title=Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés | publisher= | place=Utrecht | page=53, Number 871 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27822673 | language=French }}</ref>
''Bucco virens'' was the [[scientific name]] proposed by [[Pieter Boddaert]] in 1783 for a great barbet that had been described by [[Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon]] in 1781 based on a specimen collected in China.<ref>{{cite book |last=Boddaert |first=P. |year=1783 |title=Table des Planches Enluminées d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés |location=Utrecht |chapter=871. Le grand Barbu, Buff. XIII |page=53 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/tabledesplanches00bodd/page/52 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Buffon |first=G.-L. L. |year=1781 |title=Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux | volume=13 |location=Paris |publisher=L'Imprimerie Royale |page=159 |chapter=Le grand Barbu |language=fr |chapter-url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42410640}}</ref> It was illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by [[François-Nicolas Martinet]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Buffon |first=G.-L. L. | last2=Martinet | first2=F.-N. |last3=Daubenton |first3=E.-L. | author3-link=Edme-Louis Daubenton |last4=Daubenton | first4=L.-J.-M. |author4-link=Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton |year=1765–1783 |chapter=Grand barbu, de la Chine |title=Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle |volume=9 |location=Paris |publisher=L'Imprimerie Royale |page=Plate 871 |chapter-url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35224645}}</ref>


For many years the great barbet was placed in the genus ''Megalaima'' that had been erected by the English zoologist [[George Robert Gray|George Gray]] in 1842.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gray | first=George Robert | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1842 | title=Appendix to a List of the Genera of Birds | edition=2nd | place=London | publisher=R. and J.E. Taylor | page=12 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14050359 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1948 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=Volume 6 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=31 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14477464 }}</ref> In 2004 a [[molecular phylogenetic]] study of the barbets found that the birds in the genus ''Megalaima'' formed a [[clade]] that also included the [[fire-tufted barbet]], the only species placed in the genus ''[[Psilopogon]]''.<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Moyle | first=Robert G. | year=2004 | title=Phylogenetics of barbets (Aves: Piciformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=30 | issue= | pages=187–200 | doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00179-9 }}</ref> As ''Psilopogon'' had been erected by [[Salomon Müller]] in 1835, under the rules of the [[International Code of Zoological Nomenclature]] it had [[Principle of Priority|priority]] and all the members of genus ''Megalaima'', including the great barbet, were moved to ''Psilopogon''.<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2019 | title=Jacamars, puffbirds, toucans, barbets, honeyguides | work=World Bird List Version 9.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/jacamars/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=29 July 2019 }}</ref>
It was placed in the [[Genus (biology)|genus]] ''Megalaima'' proposed by [[George Robert Gray]] in 1842 who suggested to use this name instead of ''Bucco''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gray |first=G. R. |year=1842 |title=A List of the Genera of Birds |chapter=Appendix to a List of the Genera of Birds |edition=Second |location=London |publisher=R. and J. E. Taylor |page=12 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/listofgeneraofbi00gra/page/12}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Peters |editor-first=J. L. |editor-link=James L. Peters |year=1948 |title=Check-list of Birds of the World |volume=6 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |chapter=Genus ''Megalaima'' G. R. Gray |pages=31–40 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/checklistofbirds61948pete/page/30}}</ref> In the 19th and 20th centuries, the following great barbet [[zoological specimen]]s were described:
*''Megalaema marshallorum'' proposed by [[Robert Swinhoe]] in 1870 was based on a great barbet from the [[Himalayas]].<ref>{{ cite journal |author=Swinhoe. R. |year=1870 |title=The large Barbet of the Himalayas in want of a Name! |journal=The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology |series=4 |volume=6 |issue=31 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002133806/page/348 348] |url=https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002133806|doi=10.1080/00222937008696265 }}</ref>
*''Megalaima virens magnifica'' proposed by [[E. C. Stuart Baker]] in 1926 was a male barbet from [[Machi, Manipur]].<ref>{{ cite journal |author=Baker, E. C. S. |year=1926 |title=Mr. E. C. Stuart Baker sent the following remarks on Oriental birds |journal=Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club |volume=47 |issue=308 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bulletinofbritis47tayl/page/41 41]–45 |url=https://archive.org/details/bulletinofbritis47tayl}}</ref>
*''Megalaima virens clamator'' proposed by [[Ernst Mayr]] in 1941 was a bird collected in northern [[Myanmar]].<ref>{{ cite journal |author=Stanford, J. K. |author2=Mayr, E. |year=1941 |title=The Vernay‐Cutting Expedition to Northern Burma. Part V |journal=Ibis |volume=83 |issue=4 |pages=479–518 |doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00647.x}}</ref>


⚫
[[Molecular phylogenetic]] research of barbets revealed that the birds in the genus ''Megalaima'' form a [[clade]], which also includes the [[fire-tufted barbet]], the only [[species]] placed in the genus ''[[Psilopogon]]'' at the time. Barbets formerly placed in this genus were therefore reclassified under the oldest genus name of ''Psilopogon''.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Moyle |first=R. G. |year=2004 |title=Phylogenetics of barbets (Aves: Piciformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=30 |issue= 1|pages=187–200 |doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00179-9|pmid=15022769 }}</ref><ref name=HBW2014>{{cite book |author=del Hoyo, J. |author2=Collar, N. J. |author3=Kirwan, G. M. |title=Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World |volume=7: Jacamars to Woodpeckers |editor=del Hoyo, J. |editor2=Elliott, A. |editor3=Sargatal, J. |editor4=Christie, D. A. |editor5=de Juana, E. |publisher=Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International |location=Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK |chapter=Great Barbet ''Psilopogon virens'' |year=2020 |doi=10.2173/bow.grebar1.01 |s2cid=216472706 |chapter-url=https://www.hbw.com/species/great-barbet-psilopogon-virens}}</ref>
The generic name ''Psilopogon'' combines the [[Ancient Greek]] ''psilos'' meaning "bare" and ''pōgōn'' meaning "beard". The [[specific epithet]] ''virens'' is the Latin word for "green".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=321, 402 }}</ref>


Four great barbet [[subspecies]] are recognised as of 2014:<ref name=HBW2014/>
⚫
A genetic study of the Asian barbets published in 2013 found that the great barbet is most closely related to the [[red-vented barbet]] (''Psilopogon lagrandieri'') that is found in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Den Tex |first1=R.-J. |last2=Leonard |first2=J. A.|title=A molecular phylogeny of Asian barbets: Speciation and extinction in the tropics |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |year=2013 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.004 |pmid=23511217}}</ref>
⚫
* ''P. v. virens'' occurs from central Myanmar, Thailand to Vietnam and China
⚫
* ''P. v. marshallorum'' occurs from northeastern Pakistan to western Nepal
⚫
* ''P. v. magnificus'' occurs from eastern Nepal to Assam
⚫
* ''P. v. clamator'' occurs from Assam and northern Myanmar to northern Thailand and Yunnan in China


⚫
Results of a phylogenetic study of Asian barbets indicate that the great barbet is most closely related to the [[red-vented barbet]] (''P. lagrandieri'') occurring in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Den Tex |first1=R.-J. |last2=Leonard |first2=J. A. |title=A molecular phylogeny of Asian barbets: Speciation and extinction in the tropics |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |year=2013 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.004 |pmid=23511217 |citeseerx=10.1.1.711.3975 }}</ref>
⚫
Four great barbet [[subspecies]] are recognised:<ref name=HBW2014>{{cite book |last1=del Hoyo, J. |last2=Collar, N. J. |last3=Kirwan, G. M. |date=2014 |title=Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World |volume=Volume 7: Jacamars to Woodpeckers |editor=del Hoyo, J. |editor2=Elliott, A. |editor3=Sargatal, J. |editor4=Christie, D. A. |editor5=de Juana, E. |publisher=Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International |location=Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK |chapter=Great Barbet ''Psilopogon virens'' |chapterurl=https://www.hbw.com/species/great-barbet-psilopogon-virens}}</ref>
⚫
* ''P. v. virens'' (Boddaert, 1783) occurs from central Myanmar, Thailand to Vietnam and China
⚫
* ''P. v. marshallorum'' ([[Charles Swinhoe|Swinhoe]], 1870) occurs from northeastern Pakistan to western Nepal
⚫
* ''P. v. magnificus'' ([[E. C. Stuart Baker|Baker]], 1926) occurs from eastern Nepal to Assam
⚫
* ''P. v. clamator'' ([[Ernst Mayr|Mayr]], 1941) occurs from Assam and northern Myanmar to northern Thailand and Yunnan in China


==Description==
==Description==
⚫
[[File:GreatBarbet.JPG|thumb|Great barbet in [[Himachal Pradesh]]]]
The great barbet has a blue head, large yellow bill, brown and green-streaked body, belly and a red vent. The [[Feather|plumage]] is green. It is the largest barbet species with a body length of {{convert|32|–|35|cm|in|abbr=on}} and a weight of {{convert|192|-|295|g|oz|abbr=on}}.<ref name=HBW2014/><ref>{{cite book |author=Grimmett, R. |author2=Inskipp, T. |year=2018 |title=Birds of Northern India |location=London, New York |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781408188743 |pages=Plate 14 |chapter=Great Barbet |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=bRttDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PT180#v=onepage&f=false}}</ref>
The great barbet has a blue head, large yellow bill, brown and green-streaked body, belly and a red vent. The [[Feather|plumage]] is green. It is the largest barbet species with a body length of {{convert|32|–|35|cm|in|abbr=on}} and a weight of {{convert|192|-|295|g|oz|abbr=on}}.<ref name=HBW2014/><ref>{{cite book |author=Grimmett, R. |author2=Inskipp, T. |year=2018 |title=Birds of Northern India |location=London, New York |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781408188743 |pages=Plate 14 |chapter=Great Barbet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bRttDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT180}}</ref>


==Habitat and Breeding==
==Distribution and habitat ==
⚫
[[File:Great Barbet.JPG|thumb|Great barbet in Himachal Pradesh]]
⚫
The great barbet is a resident breeder in the lower-to-middle altitudes of the [[Himalayas]], ranging across northern [[India]], [[Nepal]] and [[Bhutan]], [[Bangladesh]]<ref name=abc>{{cite book|last1=Ali|first1=Salim|title=The Book of Indian Birds|date=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=India}}</ref> and some parts of [[Southeast Asia]], as far away as [[Laos]].
⚫
[[File:Great Barbet at Sarahan.jpg|thumb|Great barbet at [[Sarahan]]]]
⚫
The great barbet is a resident breeder in the lower-to-middle altitudes of the [[Himalayas]], ranging across northern [[Pakistan]], [[India]], [[Nepal]] and [[Bhutan]], [[Bangladesh]] and some parts of [[Southeast Asia]], as far away as [[Laos]].<ref name=iucn/><ref name=abc>{{cite book |last1=Ali|first1=S. |title=The Book of Indian Birds |date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford}}</ref>


==Behaviour and ecology==
⚫
The nesting season is from April to July. This species typically builds nests in tree holes. The male and female birds share the parental duties.<ref name=abc/>
⚫
[[File:Great Barbet, Megalaima virens - Kaeng Krachan National Park.webm|thumb|Great barbet in [[Kaeng Krachan National Park]]]]
⚫
The great barbet's nesting season is from April to July. It typically builds nests in tree holes. Both male and females take care of the young. Its diet consists mainly of fruits and insects.<ref name=abc/>
⚫
The male's territorial call is a very loud ''{{not a typo|kay-oh}}''. The alarm is a harsh ''{{not a typo|keeab}}'', and another call is a repetitive ''{{not a typo|piou-piou-piou-piou}}''.<ref name=HBW2014/>


==Diet==
==References==
⚫
{{Reflist}}
The diet of this species is mainly fruits and insects.<ref name=abc/>
*{{cite book |author=Robson, C. |year=2002 |title=A Field Guide to the Birds of Thailand |publisher=New Holland |location=London, Sydney, Auckland |isbn=1-84330-921-1}}


== External links ==
==Birdcall==
*{{cite web |title=Great Barbet ''Psilopogon virens'' |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/great-barbet-psilopogon-virens |author=Birdlife International |date=2019}}
⚫
The male's territorial call is a very loud ''kay-oh''. The alarm is a harsh ''keeab'', and another call is a repetitive ''piou-piou-piou-piou''.


== Gallery ==

<gallery>
⚫
File:Great Barbet, Megalaima virens - Kaeng Krachan National Park.webm|Great barbet, Megalaima virens - [[Kaeng Krachan National Park]], [[Thailand]]
⚫
File:GreatBarbet.JPG|Great barbet at [[Kumarhatti]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
⚫
File:Great Barbet.JPG|Great barbet at [[Kumarhatti]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
File:Great Barbet in Himachal.JPG|Great barbet at [[Himachal]]
⚫
File:Great Barbet at Sarahan.jpg|Great Barbet at [[Sarahan]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
</gallery>

==References==<!-- Forktail16:147. -->
⚫
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=756&m=0 Birdlife International]
* Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp, ''Birds of India'' {{ISBN|0-691-04910-6}}
*Robson, Craig ''A Field Guide to the Birds of Thailand'' {{ISBN|1-84330-921-1}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q27074833}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q27074833}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:barbet, great}}
[[Category:Psilopogon|great barbet]]
[[Category:Psilopogon|great barbet]]
[[Category:Birds of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:Birds of the Himalayas]]
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[[Category:Birds described in 1783|great barbet]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1783|great barbet]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
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[[Category:Birds of Myanmar]]

Latest revision as of 05:15, 5 February 2024

Great barbet
Great barbet in Godawari, Lalitpur
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Piciformes
Family: Megalaimidae
Genus: Psilopogon
Species:
P. virens
Binomial name
Psilopogon virens
(Boddaert, 1783)

The great barbet (Psilopogon virens) is an Asian barbet native to the Indian sub-continent and Southeast Asia, where it inhabits forests up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) altitude. It has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2004 because of its wide distribution.[1]

Taxonomy

[edit]
Great barbet in Ba Bể National Park

Bucco virens was the scientific name proposed by Pieter Boddaert in 1783 for a great barbet that had been described by Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in 1781 based on a specimen collected in China.[2][3] It was illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet.[4]

It was placed in the genus Megalaima proposed by George Robert Gray in 1842 who suggested to use this name instead of Bucco.[5][6] In the 19th and 20th centuries, the following great barbet zoological specimens were described:

Molecular phylogenetic research of barbets revealed that the birds in the genus Megalaima form a clade, which also includes the fire-tufted barbet, the only species placed in the genus Psilopogon at the time. Barbets formerly placed in this genus were therefore reclassified under the oldest genus name of Psilopogon.[10][11]

Four great barbet subspecies are recognised as of 2014:[11]

  • P. v. virens occurs from central Myanmar, Thailand to Vietnam and China
  • P. v. marshallorum occurs from northeastern Pakistan to western Nepal
  • P. v. magnificus occurs from eastern Nepal to Assam
  • P. v. clamator occurs from Assam and northern Myanmar to northern Thailand and Yunnan in China

Results of a phylogenetic study of Asian barbets indicate that the great barbet is most closely related to the red-vented barbet (P. lagrandieri) occurring in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.[12]

Description

[edit]
Great barbet in Himachal Pradesh

The great barbet has a blue head, large yellow bill, brown and green-streaked body, belly and a red vent. The plumage is green. It is the largest barbet species with a body length of 32–35 cm (13–14 in) and a weight of 192–295 g (6.8–10.4 oz).[11][13]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]
Great barbet in Himachal Pradesh
Great barbet at Sarahan

The great barbet is a resident breeder in the lower-to-middle altitudes of the Himalayas, ranging across northern Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan, Bangladesh and some parts of Southeast Asia, as far away as Laos.[1][14]

Behaviour and ecology

[edit]
Great barbet in Kaeng Krachan National Park

The great barbet's nesting season is from April to July. It typically builds nests in tree holes. Both male and females take care of the young. Its diet consists mainly of fruits and insects.[14] The male's territorial call is a very loud kay-oh. The alarm is a harsh keeab, and another call is a repetitive piou-piou-piou-piou.[11]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2018). "Psilopogon virens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22681591A130043742. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22681591A130043742.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ Boddaert, P. (1783). "871. Le grand Barbu, Buff. XIII". Table des Planches Enluminées d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés (in French). Utrecht. p. 53.
  3. ^ Buffon, G.-L. L. (1781). "Le grand Barbu". Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux (in French). Vol. 13. Paris: L'Imprimerie Royale. p. 159.
  4. ^ Buffon, G.-L. L.; Martinet, F.-N.; Daubenton, E.-L.; Daubenton, L.-J.-M. (1765–1783). "Grand barbu, de la Chine". Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle. Vol. 9. Paris: L'Imprimerie Royale. p. Plate 871.
  5. ^ Gray, G. R. (1842). "Appendix to a List of the Genera of Birds". A List of the Genera of Birds (Second ed.). London: R. and J. E. Taylor. p. 12.
  6. ^ Peters, J. L., ed. (1948). "Genus Megalaima G. R. Gray". Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 6. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 31–40.
  7. ^ Swinhoe. R. (1870). "The large Barbet of the Himalayas in want of a Name!". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 4. 6 (31): 348. doi:10.1080/00222937008696265.
  8. ^ Baker, E. C. S. (1926). "Mr. E. C. Stuart Baker sent the following remarks on Oriental birds". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 47 (308): 41–45.
  9. ^ Stanford, J. K.; Mayr, E. (1941). "The Vernay‐Cutting Expedition to Northern Burma. Part V". Ibis. 83 (4): 479–518. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1941.tb00647.x.
  10. ^ Moyle, R. G. (2004). "Phylogenetics of barbets (Aves: Piciformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (1): 187–200. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00179-9. PMID 15022769.
  11. ^ a b c d del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N. J.; Kirwan, G. M. (2020). "Great Barbet Psilopogon virens". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D. A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 7: Jacamars to Woodpeckers. Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International. doi:10.2173/bow.grebar1.01. S2CID 216472706.
  12. ^ Den Tex, R.-J.; Leonard, J. A. (2013). "A molecular phylogeny of Asian barbets: Speciation and extinction in the tropics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 68 (1): 1–13. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.711.3975. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.004. PMID 23511217.
  13. ^ Grimmett, R.; Inskipp, T. (2018). "Great Barbet". Birds of Northern India. London, New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. Plate 14. ISBN 9781408188743.
  14. ^ a b Ali, S. (1996). The Book of Indian Birds. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Robson, C. (2002). A Field Guide to the Birds of Thailand. London, Sydney, Auckland: New Holland. ISBN 1-84330-921-1.
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