Xanthomonas pruni: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description| |
{{Short description|Bacterial disease of Prunus plants}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
{{Speciesbox |
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| genus = Xanthomonas |
| genus = Xanthomonas |
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| species = pruni |
| species = pruni |
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| synonyms = |
| synonyms = |
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* ''X. campestris'' pv. ''pruni'' |
* ''X. campestris'' pv. ''pruni'' |
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* ''X. arboricola'' pv. ''pruni'' |
* ''X. arboricola'' pv. ''pruni'' |
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==Distribution== |
==Distribution== |
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Unknown in [[ |
Unknown in [[stonefruit in California]] until detection in [[Sacramento]] and northern [[San Joaquin Valley]] in the spring of 2013.<ref name="SacVallAlNewsDec2014">{{cite web | title=Bacterial Spot of Almond in California – Update on the Disease and its Management | journal=Sacramento Valley Almond News | date=December 2014 | url=http://www.sacvalleyorchards.com/almonds/foliar-diseases/bacterial-spot-of-almond/ | access-date=2022-05-04 | first1=J. E. | last1=Adaskaveg | first2=B. | last2=Holtz | first3=R. | last3=Duncan | first4=D. | last4=Doll | publisher=[[UCANR]]}}</ref> {{As of|2017}} it is still restricted to those two areas.<ref name="UC-IPM-almond">{{cite web | url=http://www.ipm.ucanr.edu/agriculture/almond/Bacterial-Spot/ | title=Bacterial Spot / Almond | website=[[University of California Integrated Pest Management|UC Integrated Pest Management]] (UC IPM) | publisher=UC Agriculture (UC ANR) | date=August 2017}}</ref> Also found in almond [[agriculture in Victoria (Australia)|cultivation in Victoria, Australia]].<ref name="AgVic" /> |
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==Detection== |
==Detection== |
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Palacio-Bielsa ''et al.'', 2011 provides a [[SYBR Green I]] |
Palacio-Bielsa ''et al.'', 2011 provides a [[SYBR Green I]]-based [[assay]].<ref name="Kannan-Bastas-2016">{{cite book | editor1-last=RajeshKannan | editor1-first=Velu | editor2-last=Bastas | editor2-first=Kubilay Kurtulus | title=Sustainable Approaches to Controlling Plant Pathogenic Bacteria | publication-place=[[Boca Raton]], FL, USA | isbn=978-1-4822-4054-2 | oclc=922843132 | publisher=[[CRC Press]] | date=2016 | pages=xv–392}}</ref>{{rp|page=90}} |
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==Management== |
==Management== |
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[[Copper pesticide|Copper]]<ref name="AgVic">{{cite web | url=http://australianalmonds.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Bacterial-spot-factsheet-on-AV-template-final.pdf | title=Bacterial Spot of Almond (AL16005) | publisher=[[Agriculture Victoria]] | first1=Simone | last1=Kreidl | first2=Tonya | last2=Wiechel | first3=Peta | last3=Faulkner | first4=Len | last4=Tesoriero | first5=Jacky | last5=Edwards}}</ref> and [[mancozeb]] are recommended in California for almonds<ref name="UC-IPM" |
[[Copper pesticide|Copper]]<ref name="AgVic">{{cite web | url=http://australianalmonds.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Bacterial-spot-factsheet-on-AV-template-final.pdf | title=Bacterial Spot of Almond (AL16005) | publisher=[[Agriculture Victoria]] | first1=Simone | last1=Kreidl | first2=Tonya | last2=Wiechel | first3=Peta | last3=Faulkner | first4=Len | last4=Tesoriero | first5=Jacky | last5=Edwards}}</ref> and [[mancozeb]] are recommended in California for almonds<ref name="UC-IPM-almond" /> and have served well elsewhere.<ref name="AgVic" /> No pesticides are registered for almonds anywhere in Australia.<ref name="AgVic" /> |
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[[Phage therapy]] has been heavily studied for ''X. pruni'' and some treatments have been very successful.<ref name="Nagy-et-al-2011">{{cite journal | last1=Nagy | first1=Judit | last2=Király | first2=Lóránt | last3=Schwarczinger | first3=Ildikó | title=Phage therapy for plant disease control with a focus on fire blight | journal=[[Central European Journal of Biology]] | publisher=[[Versita]] | volume=7 | issue=1 | date=2011-12-25 | issn=2391-5412 | doi=10.2478/s11535-011-0093-x | pages=1–12}}<!--- Obscure journal but this review is well cited including by Varani et al., 2013, Beckerman & Sundin 2016, Hungaro et al., 2013, etc.</ref><ref name="Varani-et-al-2013">{{cite journal | last=Varani | first=Alessandro M. | last2=Monteiro-Vitorello | first2=Claudia Barros | last3=Nakaya | first3=Helder I. | last4=Van Sluys | first4=Marie-Anne | title=The Role of Prophage in Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria | journal=[[Annual Review of Phytopathology]] | publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] | volume=51 | issue=1 | date=2013-08-04 | issn=0066-4286 | pmid=23725471 | doi=10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-173010 | pages=429–451 | s2cid=207644125}}</ref> |
[[Phage therapy]] has been heavily studied for ''X. pruni'' and some treatments have been very successful.<ref name="Nagy-et-al-2011">{{cite journal | last1=Nagy | first1=Judit | last2=Király | first2=Lóránt | last3=Schwarczinger | first3=Ildikó | title=Phage therapy for plant disease control with a focus on fire blight | journal=[[Central European Journal of Biology]] | publisher=[[Versita]] | volume=7 | issue=1 | date=2011-12-25 | issn=2391-5412 | doi=10.2478/s11535-011-0093-x | pages=1–12| doi-access=free }}<!--- Obscure journal but this review is well cited including by Varani et al., 2013, Beckerman & Sundin 2016, Hungaro et al., 2013, etc. --></ref><ref name="Varani-et-al-2013">{{cite journal | last=Varani | first=Alessandro M. | last2=Monteiro-Vitorello | first2=Claudia Barros | last3=Nakaya | first3=Helder I. | last4=Van Sluys | first4=Marie-Anne | title=The Role of Prophage in Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria | journal=[[Annual Review of Phytopathology]] | publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] | volume=51 | issue=1 | date=2013-08-04 | issn=0066-4286 | pmid=23725471 | doi=10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-173010 | pages=429–451 | s2cid=207644125}}</ref> Civerolo & Keil performed several experiments in the 1970s with ''{{visible anchor|Xanthomonas pruni phage}}'' showing that peach and apricot were protected by external applications of solution.<ref name="Jones-et-al-2007">{{cite journal | last1=Jones | first1=J.B. | last2=Jackson | first2=L.E. | last3=Balogh | first3=B. | last4=Obradovic | first4=A. | last5=Iriarte | first5=F.B. | last6=Momol | first6=M.T. | title=Bacteriophages for Plant Disease Control | journal=[[Annual Review of Phytopathology]] | publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] | volume=45 | issue=1 | date=2007-09-08 | issn=0066-4286 | pmid=17386003 | doi=10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094411 | pages=245–262 | s2cid=5855317}}</ref> |
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===Resistance=== |
===Resistance=== |
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[[Pesticide resistance|Resistance]] to copper has occurred.<ref name="UC-IPM" /> No copper resistance {{as of|August 2017|lc=yes}} in California.<ref name="UC-IPM" /> [[Pesticide rotation|Rotation]] or [[tank mix]]ing is recommended to [[pesticide resistance management|forestall resistance]].<ref name="UC-IPM" /> |
[[Pesticide resistance|Resistance]] to copper has occurred.<ref name="UC-IPM-almond" /> No copper resistance {{as of|August 2017|lc=yes}} in California.<ref name="UC-IPM-almond" /> [[Pesticide rotation|Rotation]] or [[tank mix]]ing is recommended to [[pesticide resistance management|forestall resistance]].<ref name="UC-IPM-almond" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Stone fruit tree diseases]] |
[[Category:Stone fruit tree diseases]] |
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[[Category:Xanthomonas|pruni]] |
[[Category:Xanthomonas|pruni]] |
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[[Category:Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:44, 8 February 2024
| Xanthomonas pruni | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Xanthomonadales |
| Family: | Xanthomonadaceae |
| Genus: | Xanthomonas |
| Species: | X. pruni
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| Binomial name | |
| Xanthomonas pruni | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Xanthomonas pruni (syn. Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni, syn. Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) is a bacterial disease of almost all Prunus.
Hosts
[edit]Distribution
[edit]Unknown in stonefruit in California until detection in Sacramento and northern San Joaquin Valley in the spring of 2013.[1] As of 2017[update] it is still restricted to those two areas.[2] Also found in almond cultivation in Victoria, Australia.[3]
Detection
[edit]Palacio-Bielsa et al., 2011 provides a SYBR Green I-based assay.[4]: 90
Management
[edit]Copper[3] and mancozeb are recommended in California for almonds[2] and have served well elsewhere.[3] No pesticides are registered for almonds anywhere in Australia.[3]
Phage therapy has been heavily studied for X. pruni and some treatments have been very successful.[5][6] Civerolo & Keil performed several experiments in the 1970s with Xanthomonas pruni phage showing that peach and apricot were protected by external applications of solution.[7]
Resistance
[edit]Resistance to copper has occurred.[2] No copper resistance as of August 2017[update] in California.[2] Rotation or tank mixing is recommended to forestall resistance.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Adaskaveg, J. E.; Holtz, B.; Duncan, R.; Doll, D. (December 2014). "Bacterial Spot of Almond in California – Update on the Disease and its Management". Sacramento Valley Almond News. UCANR. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
- ^ a b c d e "Bacterial Spot / Almond". UC Integrated Pest Management (UC IPM). UC Agriculture (UC ANR). August 2017.
- ^ a b c d Kreidl, Simone; Wiechel, Tonya; Faulkner, Peta; Tesoriero, Len; Edwards, Jacky. "Bacterial Spot of Almond (AL16005)" (PDF). Agriculture Victoria.
- ^ RajeshKannan, Velu; Bastas, Kubilay Kurtulus, eds. (2016). Sustainable Approaches to Controlling Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press. pp. xv–392. ISBN 978-1-4822-4054-2. OCLC 922843132.
- ^ Nagy, Judit; Király, Lóránt; Schwarczinger, Ildikó (2011-12-25). "Phage therapy for plant disease control with a focus on fire blight". Central European Journal of Biology. 7 (1). Versita: 1–12. doi:10.2478/s11535-011-0093-x. ISSN 2391-5412.
- ^ Varani, Alessandro M.; Monteiro-Vitorello, Claudia Barros; Nakaya, Helder I.; Van Sluys, Marie-Anne (2013-08-04). "The Role of Prophage in Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 51 (1). Annual Reviews: 429–451. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-173010. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 23725471. S2CID 207644125.
- ^ Jones, J.B.; Jackson, L.E.; Balogh, B.; Obradovic, A.; Iriarte, F.B.; Momol, M.T. (2007-09-08). "Bacteriophages for Plant Disease Control". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 45 (1). Annual Reviews: 245–262. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094411. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 17386003. S2CID 5855317.